Chou / Harmon Critical Food Issues of the Eighties

Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5762-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 422 Seiten, Web PDF

Critical Food Issues of the Eighties: Pergamon Policy Studies - 39 focuses on the problems of the food industry, including food and nutrition policies and impact of regulation on food and agricultural productivity and agricultural chemicals. The selection first discusses the preoccupation with food safety, as well as advances in agricultural productivity and food processing; cultural and social changes affecting the food industry; and diet-related health concerns. The book then takes a look at food price inflation, as well as price trends in the food systems, economic efficiency in the food system, imported foods, and profitability. The text reviews changing food policies and national nutrition goals. Concerns include expanded constituency and components of food policies; conquering nutrition deficiency diseases; nutrient food disclosure; and difficulty of identifying nutrient usage or food group needs. The selection also tackles the effects of government policies on technological innovation in the food industry; assessment of future technological advances in agriculture and their impact on the regulatory environment; and changing attitudes and lifestyle shaping food technology in the 1980s. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in the issues of the food industry in the 1980s.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chou, Marylin

Harmon, David P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Critical Food Issues of the Eighties ;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Foreword;10
6;Preface;12
7;Acknowledgments;16
8;Part I: The Socioeconomic Outlook;18
8.1;Introduction;20
8.2;Chapter 1. The World at a Turning Point: New Class Attitudes;22
8.2.1;BACKGROUND OF THE IDEA OF THE NEW CLASS;30
8.2.2;OUR USE OF THE TERM NEW CLASS;30
8.2.3;IF THERE IS AN EMERGING NEW CLASS, IT SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED BY;30
8.3;Chapter 2. The Preoccupation with Food Safety;35
8.3.1;ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD PROCESSING;36
8.3.2;CULTURAL CHANGES AFFECTING THE FOOD INDUSTRY;38
8.3.3;SOCIAL CHANGES AFFECTING THE FOOD INDUSTRY;41
8.3.4;THE POLITICIZATION OF FOOD;44
8.3.5;DIET RELATED HEALTH CONCERNS;47
8.3.6;CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS WITH ABSOLUTE SAFETY AND RISK/BENEFIT ANALYSIS;50
8.3.7;THE TECHNOLOGICAL GAP;53
8.3.8;NOTES;56
8.4;Chapter 3. Leadership and Responsibility in the Food Industry;59
8.4.1;NOTES;64
8.5;Chapter 4. Food Price Inflation—A Heretical View;65
8.5.1;THE GENERAL PHENOMENON OF INFLATION;65
8.5.2;PRICE TRENDS IN THE FOOD SYSTEM;66
8.5.3;IMPORTED FOODS;68
8.5.4;THE FARM-RETAIL SPREAD: THE MARKETING BILL EXPLORED;70
8.5.5;ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN THE FOOD SYSTEM;74
8.5.6;A NOTE ON PROFITABILITY;77
8.5.7;OUTLOOK FOR THE 1980s IMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT POLICY;78
8.5.8;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;81
8.5.9;NOTES;82
8.6;Chapter 5. Sweden: A Bellwether of Future Policy Trends;83
8.6.1;CYCLICAL RECURRENCE OF CONSUMERISM;83
8.6.2;PRECURSOR JURISDICTIONS - SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSUMER POLICY CHANGES IN SWEDEN;85
8.6.3;ALCOHOL REGULATION: STRINGENT CONTROLS MODERATING USE;85
8.6.4;NEGATIVE MARKETING - NEW CONCEPT WITH PROBABLE APPLICATION TO OTHER ISSUES;97
8.6.5;NOTES;107
9;Part Il: The Debate: A National Nutrition Policy?;108
9.1;Introduction;110
9.2;Chapter 6. The Intellectual Basis of Nutritional Science and Practice;112
9.2.1;THE NUTRITIONAL ADAPTABILITY OF HUMANKIND;113
9.2.2;PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY REGIMENS;116
9.2.3;FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION;117
9.2.4;CONCLUSIONS;119
9.3;Chapter 7. Changing Food Policies;120
9.3.1;BACKGROUND;120
9.3.2;THE EXPANDED CONSTITUENCY AND COMPONENTS OF FOOD POLICIES;121
9.3.3;INTEREST IN NUTRITION;122
9.3.4;PROSPECTS FOR A NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY;126
9.3.5;NOTES;134
9.4;Chapter 8. The U.S. Quandary: Can We Formulate a Rational Nutrition Policy?;136
9.4.1;CONSCIOUSNESS III;136
9.4.2;MYTHOLOGY OF FOODS;137
9.4.3;THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS;138
9.4.4;THE McGOVERN REPORT;141
9.4.5;WHAT IS SOUND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE FOR CORONARY DISEASE?;147
9.4.6;NOTES;149
9.5;Chapter 9. National Nutrition Goals—How Far Have We Come?;151
9.5.1;OBESITY: THE NUMBER ONE NUTRITION PROBLEM;151
9.5.2;CONQUERING NUTRITION DEFICIENCY DISEASES;153
9.5.3;NUTRITION TRENDS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE;153
9.5.4;NUTRITION LABELING: TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE TO EDUCATE CONSUMERS;154
9.5.5;NUTRIENT COMPOSITION DISCLOSURE: HOW MUCH INFORMATION IS ENOUGH?;154
9.5.6;NUTRIENT FOOD GROUPS: COMMODITY PROMOTION TO EDUCATE CONSUMERS;157
9.5.7;DIFFICULTY OF SPECIFYING NUTRIENT USAGE OR FOOD GROUP NEEDS;157
10;Part III: Agrifood Technology: Resources, Attitudes, and Regulation;160
10.1;Introduction;162
10.2;Chapter 10. Changing Attitudes and Lifestyles Shaping Food Technology in the 1980s;166
10.2.1;QUALITY OF LIFE;166
10.2.2;WASTE RECOVERY;167
10.2.3;DIET AND HEALTH;168
10.2.4;ENERGY AND LABOR;178
10.2.5;REGULATIONS AND CONSUMER CONCERNS;183
10.2.6;SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRENDS;189
10.2.7;FOOD SERVICE OUTLOOK;193
10.2.8;OUTLOOK;194
10.2.9;APPENDIX A;200
10.2.10;NOTES;202
10.3;Chapter 11. The Effect of Government Policies on Technological Innovation in the Food Industry: A Government Perspective;208
10.3.1;FOOD STANDARDS;209
10.3.2;FOOD SAFETY;210
10.3.3;LABELING;212
10.4;Chapter 12. The Effect of Government Policies on Technological Innovation in the Food Industry: An Industry Perspective;214
10.4.1;INTRODUCTION;214
10.4.2;CURRENT PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS;217
10.4.3;ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN FOOD PROCESSING, PACKAGING, NUTRITION, ETC.;227
10.4.4;NUTRITION AS A PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE;230
10.4.5;CONCLUSION;231
10.4.6;NOTES;232
10.5;Chapter 13. Future of Engineered Foods;233
10.5.1;SOY FLOUR;234
10.5.2;SOY GRITS;234
10.5.3;SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE;235
10.5.4;SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE;235
10.5.5;TEXTURED SOY PROTEIN;235
10.6;Chapter 14. Emerging Food Marketing Technologies: Priorities for Assessment;239
10.6.1;PRIORITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT;241
10.6.2;TECHNOLOGIES NEEDING MORE RESEARCH;249
10.6.3;NOTES;250
10.6.4;Chapter 15. Fuel, Food, and the Future;251
10.6.5;AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION;251
10.6.6;FOOD AND FUEL INTERDEPENDENCY;252
10.6.7;WHAT DOTH THE FUTURE HOLD?;253
10.6.8;ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES;258
10.6.9;NOTES;260
10.7;Chapter 16. Changing Portable Energy Sources: An Assessment;262
10.7.1;PETROLEUM;262
10.7.2;COAL;265
10.7.3;SHALE OIL;266
10.7.4;BIOMASS;267
10.7.5;HYDROCARBON FUELS: PETROLEUM VS. BIOMASS.;268
10.7.6;DEMAND;269
10.7.7;DIESEL ENGINE;270
10.7.8;STIRLING ENGINE;271
10.7.9;GAS TURBINE;271
10.7.10;SPARK IGNITION;272
10.7.11;STEAM ENGINES;273
10.7.12;PORTABLE FUELS;273
10.7.13;CONCLUSION;277
10.8;Chapter 17. Biomass Conversion and National Energy Requirements;278
10.9;Chapter 18. Agricultural Chemicals: Boon or Bane?;282
10.9.1;THE ARGUMENTS: PRO AND CON;282
10.9.2;THE INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS SINCE WORLD WAR II;284
10.9.3;THE ANTICHEMICAL MOVEMENT;285
10.9.4;SAFETY;287
10.9.5;FERTILIZERS;288
10.9.6;THE "OLD" AND THE "NEW" REGULATORS;290
10.9.7;COSTS OF REGULATION;293
10.9.8;REGULATION AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS;294
10.9.9;COSTLY REGULATION;295
10.9.10;INEFFECTIVE REGULATION;295
10.9.11;REASONABLE AND UNREASONABLE REGULATION;296
10.9.12;TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE MAY LESSEN THE NEED FOR REGULATION;298
10.9.13;EDUCATING THE REGULATOR;298
10.9.14;RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES;299
10.9.15;THE "SCIENCE COURT" AND MEDIATION (21);301
10.9.16;GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE;303
10.9.17;CONCLUSION;303
10.9.18;NOTES;304
10.9.19;BIBLIOGRAPHY;305
10.10;Chapter 19. An Assessment of Future Technological Advances in Agriculture and Their Impact on the Regulatory Environment;307
10.10.1;INTRODUCTION;307
10.10.2;GREATER PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY, IMPROVED BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION, AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS BY NEW TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES;310
10.10.3;PEST CONTROL;312
10.10.4;IMPROVED EFFICIENCY IN NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY PLANTS.;315
10.10.5;MICROBIAL FACILITATION OF NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY PLANTS;316
10.10.6;TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF LAND, WATER, AND ENERGY RESOURCES;317
10.10.7;APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY - SMALL FARMS;318
10.10.8;IMPROVED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY ;322
10.10.9;FOOD HANDLING AND PROCESSING;324
10.10.10;SOLAR ENERGY;325
10.10.11;MAXIMIZING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY;325
10.10.12;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;326
10.10.13;NOTES;328
10.10.14;BIBLIOGRAPHY;332
11;Part IV: World Outlook;334
11.1;Introduction;336
11.2;Chapter 20. Return to World Grain Surpluses: Trends and Implications;340
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;340
11.2.2;SURPLUS - BACKGROUND;340
11.2.3;STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN U.S. AGRICULTURE;341
11.2.4;AGRICULTURAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY;343
11.2.5;AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO PAY FOR OIL IMPORTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;345
11.2.6;CHANGING TRADE PATTERNS;350
11.2.7;MORE MANAGED GRAIN MARKETS?;351
11.2.8;SUPPLY MANAGEMENT;352
11.2.9;A COMPROMISE BETWEEN MANAGED SUPPLIES AND FREE TRADE;352
11.2.10;NOTES;355
11.2.11;BIBLIOGRAPHY;356
11.3;Chapter 21. A World Grain Outlook for the 1980s: Three Viewpoints;357
11.3.1;J. DAWSON AHALT;357
11.3.2;PHILIP SISSON;358
11.3.3;THOMAS R. SAYLOR;359
11.4;Chapter 22. The Multinational Corporation: A Buffer in the Food-Climate System;364
11.4.1;INTRODUCTION;364
11.4.2;"BACKSTOPPING" AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT;365
11.4.3;TECHNOLOGY - SIDESTEPPING LIMITING FACTORS;367
11.4.4;THE MULTINATIONAL: CREATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT OF PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY;370
11.4.5;ALGERIA: A CRUCIBLE FOR MULTINATIONALS;370
11.4.6;MNC PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT;376
11.4.7;CONCLUSION;379
11.4.8;NOTES;380
11.4.9;BIBLIOGRAPHY;381
11.5;Chapter 23. Foundation Chile—A New Strategy for Industrial Development;383
11.5.1;BASIC FACTS ABOUT CHILE;384
11.5.2;BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHILOSOPHY;384
11.5.3;FOUNDATION CHILE AT WORK;385
11.5.4;FUTURE PLANS;388
11.6;Chapter 24. Coping with Abundance;389
12;Index;398
13;About the Contributors;420
14;Pergamon Policy Studies;422