Danovaro Methods for the Study of Deep-Sea Sediments, Their Functioning and Biodiversity

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4398-1138-2
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 458 Seiten

For years scientists viewed the deep sea as calm, quiet, and undisturbed, with marine species existing in an ecologically stable and uniform environment. Recent discoveries have completely transformed that understanding and the deep sea is recognized as a complicated and dynamic environment with a rich diversity of marine species. Carefully designed to provide practical information in an easily accessible format, Methods for the Study of Deep-Sea Sediments, Their Functioning, and Biodiversity covers how to investigate the biological components through analysis of their biodiversity. It also provides the protocols and methodological details needed to investigate some aspects of the functional biodiversity of variables commonly utilized to describe and understand the drivers of deep-sea ecosystem functioning.

This volume contains detailed protocols for analyzing all benthic components from benthic viruses, prokaryotes, protozoa, foraminifera, to meio-, macro-, and megafauna. It includes step-by-step procedures, with additional notes on the crucial steps or possible difficulties arising from the analysis. Each chapter provides a brief introduction, a description of the sampling procedures and/or the sample treatment, and then the laboratory protocols, providing information on instrument setting and/or the solutions utilized. Each chapter also contains a visual scheme of the protocol for use during laboratory activities and for tracking each laboratory step. Linking information on biodiversity with the functioning of the marine ecosystems, the book covers all living components of the benthos. It provides practical information for anyone studying deep-sea habitats, their characteristics, functioning, and biodiversity.

Zielgruppe

Researchers in Environmental Chemistry, ecology, microbial ecology, oceanography, geomicrobiology, biogeochemistry, graduate and upper level undergraduate students

Autoren/Hrsg.

Danovaro, Roberto

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Naturschutzbiologie, Biodiversität
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Biodiversität

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Deep-Sea Environmental Variables
Total Organic Matter and Water Contents, Grain Size, Bulk Density, Porosity, and Redox Potential of Sediments
Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Organic Phosphorus in Marine Sediments
Bioavailable Organic Matter: Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids
Photosynthetic Pigment Concentrations in Marine Sediments
Food Supply of Organic Matter to the Deep-Sea Floor
Fluxes of Labile Organic Matter to the Sea Floor
Total Carbohydrate Flux from Sediment Trap Samples
Total Protein Flux from Sediment Trap Samples
Total Lipid Flux from Sediment Trap Samples
Total DNA from Sediment Trap Samples
Phytopigment Flux from Sediment Trap Samples
Deep-Sea Benthic Life
Viral Abundance
Prokaryotic Abundance
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition for Benthic Prokaryote Assemblage Structure
Prokaryotic Abundance by Real-Time PCR
Abundance of Heterotrophic Benthic Protists
Abundance of Benthic Foraminifera
Abundance of Metazoan Meiofauna
Macrofaunal Abundance
Megafauna Abundance
Deep-Sea Benthic Diversity
Extraction and Purification of DNA from Marine Sediments Suitable for the Analysis of Prokaryotic Diversity
Archaeal Diversity Analysis Using 16S rDNA T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms)
Benthic Bacterial Diversity Based on Cloning and Sequencing of 16S rRNA Genes
Benthic Bacterial Diversity Analysis Based on ARISA (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis)
Meiofaunal Diversity
Macrofaunal and Megafaunal Diversity
Parameters for the Measurement of Marine Benthic Structural and Functional Diversity
Deep-Sea Benthic Functioning
Deep-Sea Experiments and Manipulations
Effect of Pressure on Enzymatic Activities, Viral Production, and Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Production
Organic Carbon Remineralization Rates in Marine Surface Sediments Derived from Shipboard Pore-Water Oxygen Microprofiles
Degradation and Turnover of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
Extracellular DNA Extraction from Marine Sediments
Degradation of Extracellular DNA in Marine Sediments
Viral Production in Marine Sediments
Determination of Living/Dead and Active/Dormant Bacterial Fractions in Marine Sediments
Prokaryotic Biomass in Marine Sediments
Benthic Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Production Using the Leucine Incorporation Method
Prokaryotic Chemoautotrophic Production in Marine Sediments
Meiofaunal Biomass and Secondary Production
Macrofaunal and Megafaunal Biomass and Biochemical Composition
Protistan Grazing on Benthic Prokaryotes
Meiobenthos Predation on Prokaryotes
Analysis of Benthic Food Webs and Benthic Trophodynamics
Suggested Readings for the Study of Deep-Sea Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
Suggested Readings
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Director Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy