Novel Microstructures for Solids

Erscheinungsjahr 2018
ISBN: 978-1-64327-335-8
Verlag: IOP Concise Physics

Buch, Englisch, 126 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 178 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 257 g

For many years, evidence suggested that all solid materials either possessed a periodic crystal structure as proposed by the Braggs or they were amorphous glasses with no long-range order. In the 1970s, Roger Penrose hypothesized structures (Penrose tilings) with long-range order which were not periodic. The existence of a solid phase, known as a quasicrystal, that possessed the structure of a three dimensional Penrose tiling, was demonstrated experimentally in 1984 by Dan Shechtman and colleagues. Shechtman received the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery. The discovery and description of quasicrystalline materials provided the first concrete evidence that traditional crystals could be viewed as a subset of a more general category of ordered materials.

This book introduces the diversity of structures that are now known to exist in solids through a consideration of quasicrystals (Part I) and the various structures of elemental carbon (Part II) and through an analysis of their relationship to conventional crystal structures. Both quasicrystals and the various allotropes of carbon are excellent examples of how our understanding of the microstructure of solids has progressed over the years beyond the concepts of traditional crystallography.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dunlap, Richard A

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Quantenphysik Atom- und Molekülphysik
• Mathematik | Informatik Mathematik Mathematik Allgemein Grundlagen der Mathematik
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Forschung und Information Forschungsmethodik, Wissenschaftliche Ausstattung
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Author biography
- Part I Quasicrystallography
- 1. Crystalline structure
- 2. X-ray diffraction techniques
- 3. Crystallographic symmetry
- 4. Aperiodic structures
- 5. Applications of quasicrystals
- Part II Allotropes of carbon
- 6. Allotropes and crystal bonding
- 7. Diamond
- 8. Other crystalline allotropes of carbon
- 9. Nanostructured allotropes of carbon

Über Autor(innen)

Richard A. Dunlap received a B.S. in Physics from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1974, an A.M. in Physics from Dartmouth College in1976 and a Ph.D. in Physics from Clark University in 1981. Since receiving his Ph.D. he has been on the Faculty in the Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science at Dalhousie University where he currently holds an appointment as Research Professor. Prof. Dunlap has published more than 300 refereed research papers and his research interests have included, magnetic materials, amorphous alloys, critical phenomena, hydrogen storage, quasicrystals, superconductivity and materials for advanced batteries. He is author of four previous books; Experimental Physics: Modern Methods (Oxford 1988), The Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Numbers (World Scientific 1997), An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclei and Particles (Brooks/Cole 2004) and Sustainable Energy (Cengage, 1st ed. 2015, 2nd ed. 2019).