Eisner / Helbig Supercomputers in Seismic Exploration

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8700-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 21, 323 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Handbook of Geophysical Exploration: Seismic Exploration

Provides an authoritative overview of the role which computers now play in the field of seismology and discusses ways in which they can be improved for solving the increasingly complex problems now facing the scientist and engineer. Topics covered include typical seismic models, computational requirements associated with several standard numerical modelling techniques, three-dimensional processing, migration and forward modelling, advances in both hardware and software, iterative modelling, hypercube supercomputing, reservoir simulation using supercomputers, algorithms used in modelling and inversion, wave equation computations and simulation of seismic waves.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Eisner, E.

Helbig, Klaus

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Seismic Exploration: Supercomputers in Seismic Exploration;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE;6
6;Chapter 1. Is 3-D Wave-equation Modeling Feasible in the next Ten Years?;12
6.1;Background;12
6.2;A Typical Seismic Model;13
6.3;Numerical Methods;14
6.4;Parallel Computers;16
6.5;Finite Differences on a Hypercube;17
6.6;Is Realistic 3-D Modeling Possible in Ten Years?;18
6.7;Acknowledgments;20
6.8;References;20
7;Chapter 2. Three-dimensional Seismic Processing, Migration, and Modeling using Parallel Processing on Cray Supercomputers;22
7.1;Introduction;22
7.2;Cray X-MP Hardware and Software;22
7.3;Three-dimensional Standard Processing;29
7.4;Three-dimensional Migration;35
7.5;Three-dimensional Forward Modeling;42
8;Chapter 3. Wave Equation Computations and Truly Parallel Processing;46
8.1;Introduction;47
8.2;Time Evolution;49
8.3;Depth Extrapolation;52
8.4;Parallel Implementation;55
8.5;Outline Design of an Efficient Parallel Wave Equation Processor;59
8.6;Discussion;61
8.7;Appendix I: Time Evolution of Elastic and Acoustic Waves;62
8.8;Appendix II: Depth Extrapolation of Elastic and Acoustic Waves;63
8.9;Acknowledgments;64
8.10;References;65
9;Chapter 4. Advances in High Performance Processing of Seismic Data;66
9.1;Introduction;66
9.2;Hardware Advances;67
9.3;Channels;76
9.4;Tapes;77
9.5;Optical Disks;78
9.6;Hyperdisks;80
9.7;Rasterizers and Plotters;81
9.8;Advances in Software;81
9.9;Implementation: Realities and Pitfalls;82
9.10;Conclusion;88
9.11;References;89
10;Chapter 5. Parallel and Optical Architectures for Modeling and Inversion;92
10.1;Introduction;92
10.2;Algorithms for Modeling and Inversion;94
10.3;Computer Architecture Issues;107
10.4;Optical Computing Issues;116
10.5;Performance of Architectures with Algorithms;120
10.6;Optical Architectures;127
10.7;Conclusion;147
10.8;References;147
11;Chapter 6. Seismic Data Processing on a SIMD Array Parallel Supercomputer;151
11.1;Introduction;151
11.2;Performance Requirements;152
11.3;From Array Processors to Processor Arrays;153
11.4;SIMD Array Supercomputers;155
11.5;Geophysical Processes in Parallel;161
11.6;Conclusions;168
11.7;References;169
12;Chapter 7. Hypercube Supercomputing;170
12.1;Introduction;170
12.2;Design Issues for Multiprocessor Computers;171
12.3;The Hypercube Multiprocessor Computer;175
12.4;Hardware, Operating System, Software;177
12.5;The Hypercube Interconnection Network;179
12.6;Programming the Hypercube;182
12.7;Partitioning Techniques;184
12.8;Application Examples;186
12.9;Application Programs;189
12.10;Seismic Data Processing Example;190
12.11;Conclusions;191
12.12;References;192
13;Chapter 8. Large Scale Elastic Wavefield Inversion;195
13.1;Summary;195
13.2;The Seismologists' Dream;196
13.3;Inversion Using Seismic Wave Simulations;199
13.4;Simulating Seismic Waves;203
13.5;Parallelism in Nature and Computers;205
13.6;Initial Tests;211
13.7;Conclusions;212
13.8;References;213
14;Chapter 9. The Future of Iterative Modeling in Geophysical Exploration;214
14.1;Abstract;214
14.2;What is Iterative Modeling?;214
14.3;Iterative Modeling Using Substructure Analysis;216
14.4;Iterative Modeling by Partial Factorization;223
14.5;Iterative Modeling by Homotopy Methods;232
14.6;Iterative Modeling Using Taylor Series Expansions;235
14.7;Conclusions;238
14.8;References;239
15;Chapter 10. Application of Supercomputers in Three-dimensional Seismic Modeling;240
15.1;Introduction;240
15.2;The Conventional Approach;242
15.3;Some Practical Problems;245
15.4;A Simple Higher-order Algorithm;246
15.5;Grid Dispersion and Numerical Stability;247
15.6;Problems Related to Model Boundaries;248
15.7;Pseudo-spectral and Other Schemes;249
15.8;Applications;258
15.9;Concluding Remarks;261
15.10;References;262
16;Chapter 11. A Fast Boundary Integral Solution for the Acoustic Response of Three-dimensional Axi-symmetric Scatterers;263
16.1;Abstract;263
16.2;Introduction;263
16.3;Three-dimensional Modeling Algorithm;264
16.4;Theory;266
16.5;Numerical Examples;268
16.6;Summary;281
16.7;Appendix;283
16.8;Bie Formulation;283
16.9;Numerical Algorithm;284
16.10;References;288
17;Chapter 12. Supercomputers in Reservoir Simulation: Past, Present, and Future;290
17.1;Introduction;290
17.2;Background on Reservoir Simulation;291
17.3;Past and Present Use of Supercomputers;303
17.4;Future Use of Supercomputers;310
17.5;References;315
18;INDEX;320