Proceedings of the Fifth Conference (TARK 1994)
E-Book, Englisch, 348 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-4832-1453-5
Verlag: Elsevier Reference Monographs
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge;2
3;Copyright Page;3
4;Table of Contents;4
5;Preface;6
6;Chapter 1. Knowledge, Action, and Ability in the Situation Calculus: Extended Abstract;8
6.1;References;10
7;Chapter 2. On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision;12
7.1;1 Introduction;12
7.2;2 Belief Revision;13
7.3;3 Minimizing Changes in Conditional Beliefs;15
7.4;4 Augmenting the AGM Postulates;16
7.5;5 The Soundness of Postulates (C1)–(C4);20
7.6;6 Legitimate Changes in Conditional Beliefs;21
7.7;7 Future Work;22
7.8;Conclusion;23
7.9;Acknowledgments;23
7.10;A Concrete Examples;24
7.11;B Proofs;27
7.12;References;30
8;Chapter 3. Backwards Forward Induction;31
8.1;1 Introduction;31
8.2;2 An Example;34
8.3;3 The Theory;42
8.4;4 Towards a Complete Theory;48
8.5;References;49
9;Chapter 4. A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part I: Foundations;51
9.1;1 Introduction;51
9.2;2 Knowledge and plausibility;53
9.3;3 Knowledge and plausibility in multi-agent systems;60
9.4;4 Prior plausibilities;61
9.5;5 Conclusion;66
9.6;Acknowledgements;66
9.7;A Axiomatizing knowledge and plausibility;66
9.8;B Ranked plausibility spaces and nonstandard approaches to probability;68
9.9;References;69
10;Chapter 5. Information acquisition from multi-agent resources;72
10.1;1 Introduction;72
10.2;2 Combining information from multiple agents; the triviality result;74
10.3;3 Logic of belief dependence;77
10.4;4 Information acquisition in a belief dependence framework;78
10.5;5 Almost safety;80
10.6;6 Almost Safety on Belief Maintenance Operation;81
10.7;7 Conclusions;85
10.8;References;86
11;Chapter 6. Consistent Belief Reasoning in the Presence of Inconsistency;87
11.1;Abstract;87
11.2;1 Introduction;87
11.3;2 The Basic Part of the Logic;89
11.4;3 The Semantics of Bc and B;90
11.5;4 Properties of Bc and B;92
11.6;5 A Complete Axiomatization;93
11.7;6 Applications;96
11.8;7 Conclusion;97
11.9;Appendix: the Proof of Soundness;97
11.10;References;99
12;Chapter 7. Infinitary Epistemic Logic;102
12.1;ABSTRACT;102
12.2;§1.Introduction;103
12.3;§2. Language, Axioms, Models;104
12.4;§3. Syntax versus Semantics;107
12.5;§4. Universal Partition Spaces;109
12.6;§5. Proofs of the Theorems;110
12.7;References;114
13;Chapter 8. An Epistemic Logic of Situations (Extended Abstract);116
13.1;1 Common Knowledge;116
13.2;2 Three Grades of Epistemic Involvement;117
13.3;3 The Language and Semantics;119
13.4;4 The Logic;123
13.5;5 Metalogic;125
13.6;6 Adding Knowledge of Situations to the Logic;125
13.7;7 Conclusion;127
13.8;References;127
14;Chapter 9. Actual Truth, Possible Knowledge;129
14.1;1. Introduction;129
14.2;2. Paradox Regained;134
14.3;3. Paradox Lost- Two-Dimensional Framework;137
14.4;References;144
15;Chapter 10. Infinitely Many Resolutions of Hempel's Paradox;145
15.1;1 Introduction;146
15.2;2 Bayesian Preliminaries;146
15.3;3 Hempel's
Paradox;147
15.4;4 Bayesian Analyses of the Paradox;148
15.5;5 Remarks;151
15.6;6 What Went Wrong with Hempel?;152
15.7;7 Conclusion;154
15.8;Notes;154
15.9;References;155
16;Chapter 11. Rationality in the Centipede;157
16.1;Abstract;157
16.2;1 Introduction;157
16.3;2 Prior Common Knowledge of Rationality;160
16.4;3 Conclusion;165
16.5;References;165
17;Chapter 12. Revising Knowledge: A Hierarchical Approach;167
17.1;Introduction;167
17.2;Problems with the standard model;168
17.3;An axiomatic derivation of knowledge from preferences;173
17.4;A hierarchical approach to preferences and knowledge;175
17.5;REFERENCES;180
18;Chapter 13. Case-Based Decision Theory and Knowledge Representation;182
18.1;1. What Is There to Know?;182
18.2;2. What Is Knowledge Representation Good For?;183
18.3;3. Similarity;184
18.4;4. An Overview of CBDT;185
18.5;5. Is This Knowledge?;187
18.6;References;188
19;Chapter 14. An Axiomatic Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem;189
19.1;1 Introduction;189
19.2;2 Framework for Analysis;191
19.3;3 The Agent's Logic;196
19.4;REFERENCES;202
20;Chapter 15. Autoepistemic Logic and Introspective Circumscription;204
20.1;1 Introduction;204
20.2;2 Review of Autoepistemic Logic;206
20.3;3 The Nonmodal Counterpart of an Autoepistemic Formula;207
20.4;4 Review of Introspective Circumscription;208
20.5;5 Main Theorem;209
20.6;6 Minimizing Circumscription;210
20.7;7 Proof of Main Theorem;211
20.8;Acknowledgements;213
20.9;References;213
21;Chapter 16. Knowledge as a Tool in Motion Planning under Uncertainty;215
21.1;1 Introduction;216
21.2;2 Termination Conditions in Motion Planning;218
21.3;3 Knowledge-Level Formalization;220
21.4;4 Optimal termination conditions;222
21.5;5 Optimal termination and knowledge-based programs;227
21.6;6 Conclusion and future work;229
21.7;Acknowledgement;230
21.8;References;230
22;Chapter 17. Common Knowledge and Update in Finite Environments. I (Extended Abstract);232
22.1;1 Introduction;232
22.2;2 Definitions;234
22.3;3 Bounded Alternation Formulae;239
22.4;4 Asynchronous Environments;241
22.5;5 Compiling Knowledge Based Programs;244
22.6;6 Conclusion;246
22.7;References;247
23;Chapter 18. An Epistemic Proof System for Parallel Processes;250
23.1;1 Introduction;250
23.2;2 Syntax;251
23.3;3 Semantics;252
23.4;4 Syntax of Formulae;254
23.5;5 Semantics of Formulae;255
23.6;6 Reasoning about Programs;255
23.7;7 Proof System;256
23.8;8 Soundness;258
23.9;9 Completeness;259
23.10;10 Conclusion;260
23.11;References;260
24;Chapter 19. Algorithmic Knowledge;262
24.1;1 Introduction;263
24.2;2 Knowledge in multi-agent systems;264
24.3;3 Algorithmic knowledge;264
24.4;4 Examples;268
24.5;5 Conclusions;271
24.6;Acknowledgements;271
24.7;References;272
25;Chapter 20. Knowledge and the ordering of events in distributed systems Extended Abstract;274
25.1;ABSTRACT;274
25.2;1 Introduction;274
25.3;2 ACSAs;276
25.4;3 Knowledge Transition Systems;278
25.5;4 Forth and Back;283
25.6;5 Back and Forth;285
25.7;6 Discussion;287
25.8;7 Conclusion;289
25.9;References;290
26;Chapter 21. Inductive Learning, Knowledge Asymmetries and Convention;291
26.1;Introduction;291
26.2;§1. Convention as Correlated Equilibrium;292
26.3;§2. Dynamical Explanations of Conventions;297
26.4;§3. Deliberation With Knowledge Asymmetries;301
26.5;Acknowledgements;308
26.6;References;311
27;Chapter 22. Coherent Belief Revision in Games;312
27.1;I. Introduction;313
27.2;II
Model;318
27.3;III. Examples;321
27.4;IV. Concluding remarks;326
27.5;References;327
28;Chapter 23. Belief Revision in a Changing World;328
28.1;Introduction;328
28.2;I. THE MONOTONIC FOUNDATION;330
28.3;II. NONMONOTONIC SUPERSTRUCTURE;332
28.4;III. DYNAMICS OF BELIEF;335
28.5;BIBLIOGRAPHY;341
29;AUTHOR INDEX;348