Fiksel / Covello Biotechnology Risk Assessment

Issues and Methods for Environmental Introductions
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9105-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 192 Seiten, Web PDF

Biotechnology Risk Assessment: Issues and Methods for Environmental Introductions tackles the environmental concerns associated with utilizing contemporary biotechnology. The title also examines the methods of implementing biotechnology while also minimizing the risks. The text first covers the suitability and applicability of risk assessment methods for environmental applications of biotechnology, and then proceeds to tackling the methods for evaluation of microorganism properties. Next, the selection deals with human exposure to viruses and genetically altered bacteria. The text also tackles the effects of bioengineered organisms on the ecosystem, along with the assessment of the transport and fate of bioengineered microorganisms in the environment. The seventh chapter discusses the analysis of the function and structure of ecosystem, while the eighth chapter details the controlled testing and monitoring methods for microorganisms. The book will be of great use to biotechnologists, microbiologists, ecologists, epidemiologists, and virologists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fiksel, Joseph

Covello, Vincent T.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Biotechnology Risk Assessment: Issues and Methods for Environmental Introductions;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Figures;8
6;List of Tables;9
7;Foreword;12
8;Preface;16
9;Acknowledgments;18
10;Chapter 1. The Suitability and Applicability of Risk Assessment Methods for Environmental Applications of Biotechnology;20
10.1;BACKGROUND;21
10.2;THE RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK;22
10.3;AVAILABLE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INTRODUCTIONS;27
10.4;SUMMARIES OF SELECTED METHOD CATEGORIES;29
10.5;SUITABILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF AVAILABLE METHODS;40
10.6;CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH ISSUES;49
10.7;REFERENCES;52
11;Chapter 2. Methods for Evaluation of Microorganism Properties;54
11.1;ORGANISM PROPERTIES CONTRIBUTING TO ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE;55
11.2;INVASIVE AND PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF MICROORGANISMS;57
11.3;EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS AND PERSISTENCE OF MICROORGANISMS;60
11.4;PROPERTIES CONTRIBUTING TO ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE OF INTRODUCED GENES;61
11.5;CONVENTIONAL METHODS TO EVALUATE PERSISTENCE;63
11.6;NONCONVENTIONAL METHODS TO EVALUATE PERSISTENCE;66
11.7;CONCLUSIONS;70
11.8;REFERENCES;72
12;Chapter 3. Human Exposure and Effects Analysis for Genetically Modified Bacteria;75
12.1;FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN EXPOSURE AND HEALTH RISKS;76
12.2;NATURAL INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS WITH HUMAN BEINGS;79
12.3;APPROACH TO RISK ASSESSMENT OF BIOENGINEERED ORGANISMS;81
12.4;RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES USING DIFFERENT MILIEUS;87
12.5;MONITORING OF HUMANS FOR EXPOSURE TO ORGANISMS RELEASED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT;90
12.6;SUMMARY;90
12.7;REFERENCES;92
13;Chapter 4. Human Exposure to Viruses and Effects Assessment;94
13.1;BACKGROUND;95
13.2;VIRUSES AS POTENTIAL PESTICIDES;100
13.3;HOST RESPONSE, RISK, AND DETECTION METHODOLOGY;101
13.4;EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODOLOGY;103
13.5;NEEDED RESEARCH;105
13.6;REFERENCES;105
14;Chapter 5. Ecological Consequence Assessment: Effects of Bioengineered Organisms;107
14.1;AVAILABLE METHODS IN ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT;110
14.2;EVALUATION OF TEST METHODS;117
14.3;CONCLUSIONS;124
14.4;REFERENCES;126
15;Chapter 6. Assessing the Transport and Fate of Bioengineered Microorganisms in the Environment;128
15.1;OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION ON THE TRANSPORT AND FATE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT;129
15.2;AVAILABLE MODELS FOR QUANTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT: PESTICIDES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS;133
15.3;EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE METHODS FOR MODELING MICROBIAL TRANSPORT AND FATE;138
15.4;CONCLUSIONS;139
15.5;REFERENCES;141
16;Chapter 7. Ecosystem Structural and Functional Analysis;148
16.1;STEPS IN ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS;150
16.2;EVALUATION OF METHODS;159
16.3;CONCLUSIONS;160
16.4;REFERENCES;162
17;Chapter 8. Controlled Testing and Monitoring Methods for Microorganisms;163
17.1;METHODS FOR THE DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, AND ENUMERATION OF NOVEL ORGANISMS;165
17.2;METHODS FOR ASSESSING FATE AND EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS;169
17.3;METHODS FOR ASSESSING GENETIC STABILITY OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS;177
17.4;CONCLUSIONS;178
17.5;REFERENCES;179
18;APPENDIX: Points to Consider for Submissions Involving Testing in the Environment of Microorganisms Derived by Recombinant DNA Techniques;183
19;Index;187
20;About the Editors and Contributors;192