Friedlander Cytology and Cell Physiology, Supplement 17

4. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-08-091882-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 17, 864 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology-both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Friedlander, M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cytology and Cell Physiology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;FOREWORD;14
6;Chapter 1. Origin of Cell Components, Structure, and Function;18
6.1;I. Introduction;18
6.2;II. Bioelements;18
6.3;III. Abiological Molecular Evolution;19
6.4;IV. Criteria of Evolutionary Fitness at the Molecular Level;23
6.5;V. Origin of Biomacromolecules;25
6.6;VI. Origin of Protocells;26
6.7;VII. Overview;28
6.8;References;29
7;Chapter 2.
The Structure of Bacteria and Molecular Biology of Viruses;32
7.1;I. The Design of Prokaryotes and Viruses;32
7.2;II. Bacterial Structure;35
7.3;III. Structure of Viruses;66
7.4;IV. The Virus Replication Cycle;75
7.5;V. Virus Morphogenesis;94
7.6;VI. Virus Release;99
7.7;References;101
8;Chapter 3.
Eukaryotes: Scanning Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Structures;106
8.1;I. Introduction;106
8.2;II. Cell Organelles;108
8.3;III. Nucleus and Nuclear Envelope;126
8.4;IV. Intracellular Granules;131
8.5;V. Concluding Remarks;135
8.6;References;135
9;Chapter 4.
Structure and Function of Mitochondria;138
9.1;I. Mitochondrial Structure;138
9.2;II. The Mitochondrial Genome;143
9.3;III. Mitochondrial DNA Replication;147
9.4;IV. Mitochondrial Gene Expression;149
9.5;V. Interactions between the Mitochondrion and Nucleus;158
9.6;References;162
10;Chapter 5.
Plastids;166
10.1;I. Introduction;166
10.2;II. Eoplasts — Proplastids;167
10.3;III. Chloroplasts;171
10.4;IV. Etioplasts;205
10.5;V. Amyloplasts;210
10.6;VI. Chromoplasts;214
10.7;VII. Leucoplasts;215
10.8;References;218
11;Chapter 6.
The Golgi Apparatus;228
11.1;I. Discovery and Early History;228
11.2;II. Structural Organization;229
11.3;III. The Endomembrane Concept;239
11.4;IV. Function of the Golgi Apparatus;241
11.5;V. Golgi Apparatus Multiplication;266
11.6;VI. Role of Golgi Apparatus in Membrane Recycling;267
11.7;VII. Summary and Concluding Comments;268
11.8;References;268
12;Chapter 7.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough and Smooth;272
12.1;I. Introduction;272
12.2;II. Morphological Studies;273
12.3;III. Biochemical Studies;275
12.4;IV. Functional Adaptation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum;283
12.5;V. Concluding Remarks;287
12.6;References;288
13;Chapter 8.
Membrane Structure: The Unit Membrane Model, Unit Membrane Structure, Cell Surfaces of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, Cell Junctions, New Techniques;292
13.1;I. Prologue;292
13.2;II. Introduction;292
13.3;III. Cell Surfaces;297
13.4;IV. Other Membrane Structure Considerations;311
13.5;References;314
14;Chapter 9.
Membrane Physiology (Membrane Transport Mechanisms);318
14.1;I. Introduction;318
14.2;II. Diffusion;320
14.3;III. Carrier-Mediated Transport;325
14.4;IV. Osmosis;334
14.5;V. Bulk Movement of Solute and Solvent;337
14.6;VI. Direction in Transport;339
14.7;References;340
15;Chapter 10.
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes;342
15.1;I. Introduction;342
15.2;II. Lysosomal Function;342
15.3;III. Biosynthesis of Lysosomes;352
15.4;IV. Multiple Forms of Peroxisomes;357
15.5;V. Biosynthesis of Peroxisomes;366
15.6;References;369
16;Chapter 11.
Structural Aspects of Ribosomes;374
16.1;I. Introduction;374
16.2;II. Composition and Properties of Ribosomes;375
16.3;III. Methods for the Structural Studies of Ribosomes;381
16.4;IV. Structure of Ribosomes and Their Subunits;383
16.5;V. Structural Analysis of Ribosomal Components;400
16.6;VI. Topography of Ribosomal Components and Functional Domains;401
16.7;VII. Summary;403
16.8;References;403
17;Chapter 12.
Cilia and Flagella;408
17.1;I. Introduction;408
17.2;II. Ciliary Structure;409
17.3;III. Ciliary Motility;413
17.4;IV. Structure and Assembly of Axonemal Microtubules;422
17.5;V. Dynein;428
17.6;VI. Radial Spokes;435
17.7;VII. Interdoublet Links;437
17.8;VIII. Central Microtubules and Central Sheath Projections;438
17.9;IX. Centrioles and Basal Bodies;439
17.10;X. The Transition Region: Ciliary Necklaces and Ciliary Granule Plaques;443
17.11;XI. Ciliary Rootlets and Striated Fibers;445
17.12;XII. Microtubule Capping Structures;450
17.13;XIII. Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes;457
17.14;XIV. Summary and Perspectives;462
17.15;References;465
18;Chapter 13.
Cell Movement, Excitability, and Contractility;474
18.1;I. Introduction;474
18.2;II. Cell Locomotion: Some Behavioral and Morphological Considerations;475
18.3;III. Chemotactic Factors and Their Receptors;479
18.4;IV. The Nature and Regulation of the Level of the Second Messenger;481
18.5;V. Signal for the Mobilization of Calcium;489
18.6;VI. Biochemical Targets of the Increased Levels of Intracellular Calcium;494
18.7;VII. The Motor of Locomoting Cells;499
18.8;VIII. Conclusion;501
18.9;References;502
19;Chapter 14.
Nuclear Envelope and Chromatin Structure;510
19.1;I. Introduction;510
19.2;II. Structure and Function of the Nuclear Envelope;511
19.3;III. Nucleosome Structure;526
19.4;IV. Variegation of Nucleosome Structure;547
19.5;V. Higher Order Chromatin Structures;571
19.6;References;579
20;Chapter 15.
The Nucleolus;590
20.1;I. Historical Background;590
20.2;II. Nucleolus-Chromosome Relationship;592
20.3;III. The Nucleolar Composition and Structure;596
20.4;IV. The Nucleolar Function;600
20.5;V. Nucleoli in Specialized Cells;604
20.6;VI. Nucleolar Changes under Different Experimental and Pathological Conditions;608
20.7;References;611
21;Chapter 16.
Functions of Chromatin and the Expression of Genes;616
21.1;I.
The Organization of DNA Sequences in Eukaryotes;616
21.2;II. The Anatomy of the Eukaryotic Gene;623
21.3;III. From Chromatin to mRNA;639
21.4;IV. Control of Gene Expression at the DNA Level;644
21.5;V. Control of Gene Expression at the Level of Protein-DNA Interactions;657
21.6;VI. Chromatin Replication;667
21.7;VII. Chromatin Repair;671
21.8;VIII. DNA Recombination;675
21.9;IX. Perspectives;683
21.10;References;687
22;Chapter 17.
Structural Organization of Heterochromatin in the Human Genome;702
22.1;I. Introduction;702
22.2;II. Classification;702
22.3;III. Heterochromatin and Satellite DNA;704
22.4;IV. Heterochromatinization of Heterochromatin;705
22.5;V. Constitutive Heterochromatin of Human Y Chromosome;706
22.6;VI. Centromeric Heterochromatin;708
22.7;VII. Heterochromatin of the Secondary Constriction Regions;711
22.8;VIII. Arrangement of Heterochromatin into Chromosome;714
22.9;IX. Asymmetrical Heterochromatin;714
22.10;X. Heterogeneity of Heterochromatin;715
22.11;XI. Heteromorphisms of Heterochromatin;716
22.12;XII. Evolution of Heterochromatin;717
22.13;XIII. Functions of Heterochromatin;717
22.14;XIV. Heterochromatin and Its Biological Relevance;719
22.15;XV. Conclusion;719
22.16;References;720
23;Chapter 18.
The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Repair;724
23.1;I. The Cell Cycle;724
23.2;II. DNA Replication;730
23.3;III. DNA Repair;743
23.4;References;751
24;Chapter 19.
Cellular Senescence;754
24.1;I.
On Senescence in General;754
24.2;II. Senescence in Cells and Cell Populations;756
24.3;III. Explanations and Theories of Cellular Senescence;763
24.4;IV. Summary, Evaluation, and Perspectives;768
24.5;V. Addendum;769
24.6;References;769
25;Chapter 20.
Cell Death;772
25.1;I. Morphology of Cell Death;772
25.2;II. Mechanisms of Cell Death;778
25.3;III. Anomalous Death Processes;795
25.4;IV. Summary;797
25.5;References;798
26;Chapter 21.
Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Natural Regulators of the Cell Cycle;804
26.1;I. Introduction;804
26.2;II. The Cell Cycle;804
26.3;III. Kinetics;805
26.4;IV. Flow Cytometry;807
26.5;V. Growth Properties of Tissues;807
26.6;VI. Properties of the Cycle Phases;808
26.7;VII. Chromatin;811
26.8;VIII. Genetic Control;817
26.9;IX. Substances Implicated in Cell Cycle Regulation;818
26.10;X. Cell Surface;820
26.11;XI. Growth Factors;821
26.12;XII. Origin and Development of the Somatomedin Hypothesis;821
26.13;XIII. Generation and Transport;824
26.14;XIV. Regulation of Blood Levels;826
26.15;XV. In Vivo Effects of IGFs;828
26.16;XVI. Retina;830
26.17;XVII. Mechanism of Action;833
26.18;XVIII. Growth Factors and Oncogenes;835
26.19;XIX. Conclusion;836
26.20;References;838
27;INDEX;846