Furnham / Argyle The Psychology of Social Situations

Selected Readings
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3631-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 548 Seiten, Web PDF

The Psychology of Social Situations: Selected Readings focuses on the situations in which social behavior occurs, taking into consideration the effects of these situations on different forms of social behavior. The selection first discusses the structure of social situations, including the structural elements of games and scenes of social interaction. Topics include paradigm for the analysis of the components and dimensions of scenes and the components, dimensions, and behavioral consequences of scenes. The publication also reviews studies on behavioral appropriateness and situational constraint as dimensions of social behavior; the use of free-response description approach for the analysis of person-situation interaction; and goal structure of situations. The book examines situational dimensions, perceived dimensions of interpersonal relations, and psychological effects of social environments. The text also ponders on the trait-situation controversy and the concept of interaction, person-situation interactions, and personality measurement. The selection is a dependable reference for psychologists and social scientists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Furnham, Adrian

Argyle, Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Psychology of Social Situations;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Introduction;14
6;Part I: The Structure of Social Situations;58
6.1;The Structure of Social Situations: Introduction;60
6.1.1;MAJOR BOOKS COVERING RELATED ISSUES;62
6.1.2;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;63
6.2;Chapter 1. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America;64
6.3;Chapter 2. The Structural Elements of Games;68
6.4;Chapter 3. Making the Scene;75
6.4.1;COMPONENTS ANDDIMENSIONS OF THE SCENE;77
6.4.2;BEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES OF SCENES;77
6.4.3;A PARADIGM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS AND DIMENSIONS OF SCENES;81
6.5;Chapter 4. Behavioral Appropriateness and Situational Constraint as Dimensions of Social Behavior;83
6.5.1;STUDY 1;85
6.5.2;STUDY 2;90
6.5.3;DISCUSSION;92
6.5.4;References;95
6.6;Chapter 5. A Free-Response Description Approach to the Analysis of Person-Situation Interaction;97
6.6.1;METHOD;99
6.6.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;100
6.6.3;REFERENCE NOTES;110
6.6.4;REFERENCES;111
6.7;Chapter 6. The Goal Structure of Situations;113
6.7.1;INTRODUCTION;114
6.7.2;STUDY 1. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE MAIN GOALS OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS;117
6.7.3;STUDY 2. THE MAIN GOALS FACTORS IN SEVEN SITUATIONAL ROLES;118
6.7.4;STUDY 3· THE INTER-RELATIONS BETWEEN GOALS: CONFLICT AND COMPATIBILITY;123
6.7.5;DISCUSSION;128
6.7.6;BIBLIOGRAPHY;131
7;Part II: The Social Psychological Approach;132
7.1;The Perception of Social Situations: Introduction;134
7.1.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;135
7.2;Chapter 1. The Perception of Social Episodes: Categorical and Dimensional Representations in Two Different Social Milieus;137
7.2.1;METHOD;140
7.2.2;RESULTS;143
7.2.3;DISCUSSION;147
7.2.4;REFERENCE NOTES;150
7.2.5;REFERENCES;150
7.3;Chapter 2. An Analysis of Situational Dimensions;152
7.3.1;METHOD;154
7.3.2;EXPERIMENTS;156
7.3.3;RESULTS;157
7.3.4;DIMENSIONALITY ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL DATA;160
7.3.5;STABILITY OF JUDGMENTS;164
7.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;166
7.3.7;REFERENCES;167
7.4;Chapter 3. Perceived Dimensions of Interpersonal Relations;170
7.4.1;METHOD;172
7.4.2;RESULTS;174
7.4.3;DISCUSSION;183
7.4.4;REFERENCES;186
7.5;The Response to Social Situations: Introduction;188
7.5.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;189
7.6;Chapter 1. Physiological Effects of Social Environments;193
7.6.1;INTRODUCTION;193
7.6.2;RELATIONSHIP DIMENSIONS;196
7.6.3;PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT DIMENSIONS: RESPONSIBILITY;202
7.6.4;SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND SYSTEM CHANGE DIMENSIONS;203
7.6.5;THE INTERACTION OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES;207
7.6.6;CONCLUSIONS;209
7.6.7;SUMMARY;210
7.6.8;REFERENCES;211
7.7;Chapter 2. Emotional Impact of a Task and its Setting on Work Performance of Screeners and Nonscreeners;216
7.7.1;STUDY ONE: VERBAL RATINGS OF PLEASANTNESS AND AROUSING QUALITY OF VARIOUS WORK SITUATIONS AND TASKS;219
7.7.2;STUDY TWO: VERBAL REPORTS OF DESIRE TO WORK AT TASKS AND IN SITUATIONS SYSTEMATICALLY VARYING IN THEIR PLEASANTNESS AND AROUSING QUALITIES;222
7.7.3;DISCUSSION;227
7.7.4;REFERENCES;230
7.8;Chapter 3. Similar Situations—Similar Behaviors?;232
7.8.1;METHOD;234
7.8.2;RESULTS;236
7.8.3;DISCUSSION;236
7.8.4;REFERENCES;239
7.9;Stressful Situations: Introduction;242
7.9.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;243
7.10;Chapter 1. Social Difficulty in a Student Sample;245
7.10.1;INTRODUCTION;245
7.10.2;METHOD;246
7.10.3;RESULTS;248
7.10.4;DISCUSSION;254
7.10.5;REFERENCES;255
7.11;Chapter 2. Types of Stressful Situations and Their Relation to Trait Anxiety and Sex;257
7.11.1;METHOD;259
7.11.2;RESULTS;261
7.11.3;DISCUSSION;262
7.11.4;REFERENCES;263
7.12;Chapter 3. Anxiety: States, Traits—Situations?;265
7.12.1;METHOD;267
7.12.2;RESULTS;272
7.12.3;DISCUSSION;275
7.12.4;REFERENCES;276
7.13;Interactional Psychology: Introduction;278
7.13.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;279
7.14;Chapter 1. The Trait-Situation Controversy and the Concept of Interaction;284
7.14.1;THE CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE TERM "INTERACTION";285
7.14.2;INTERACTION IN THE TRAIT-SITUATION CONTROVERSY;287
7.14.3;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION;290
7.14.4;REFERENCES;291
7.15;Chapter 2. The Case for Person-Situation Interactions;292
7.15.1;PERSON-SITUATION INTERACTIONS;296
7.15.2;RESEARCH STRATEGIES FOR PERSONALITY RESEARCH;299
7.15.3;A PERSON-SITUATION INTERACTION MODEL FOR ANXIETY;301
7.15.4;REFERENCES;302
7.16;Chapter 3. On the Future of Personality Measurement;306
7.16.1;MULTIPLE DETERMINISM OF BEHAVIOR AND "CONTEXTUALISM";307
7.16.2;MULTIPLE GOALS FOR MEASUREMENT;308
7.16.3;ACTIVE ORGANISMS INTERACTING IN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTS;310
7.16.4;THE SUBJECT AS EXPERT AND COLLEAGUE;311
7.16.5;THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTS;313
7.16.6;PERSON VARIABLES;314
7.16.7;THE INTERFACE OF PERSONALITY AND COGNITION : GRAMMARS FOR PEOPLE?;316
7.16.8;TOWARD A RESEARCH-BASED IMAGE OF THE INDIVIDUAL?;317
7.16.9;REFERENCE NOTE;318
7.16.10;REFERENCES;319
8;Part III: The Approach of Other Areas in the Social Sciences;322
8.1;Environmental Psychology: Introduction;324
8.1.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;325
8.2;Chapter 1. Explorations in Ecological Psychology;328
8.2.1;PHENOMENA AND DATA;329
8.2.2;USES OF DATA;332
8.2.3;STRUCTURE OF BEHAVIOR;336
8.2.4;STRUCTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT;338
8.2.5;ENVIRONMENT A N D BEHAVIOR: SEPARATE AND INTERDEPENDENT;341
8.2.6;REFERENCES;348
8.3;Chapter 2. 'Situational' Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice;351
8.3.1;'DISPOSITIONAL' THEORIES AND THEIR PREVENTIVE IMPLICATIONS;352
8.3.2;CRIME AS THE OUTCOME OF CHOICE;353
8.3.3;PREVENTIVE IMPLICATIONS OF A 'CHOICE' MODEL;355
8.3.4;SOME OBJECTIONS;359
8.3.5;SUMMARY;361
8.3.6;REFERENCES;362
8.4;Chapter 3. Judgements of People and Their Rooms;364
8.4.1;INTRODUCTION;364
8.4.2;EXPERIMENT I;365
8.4.3;EXPERIMENT II;366
8.4.4;EXPERIMENT III;367
8.4.5;GENERAL DISCUSSION;369
8.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;370
8.4.7;REFERENCES;370
8.5;Chapter 4. Psychiatric Patients and Staff Reaction to Their Physical Environment;371
8.5.1;PROBLEM;371
8.5.2;RESULTS;372
8.5.3;SUMMARY;374
8.5.4;REFERENCES;374
8.6;Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnomethodology: Introduction;376
8.6.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;377
8.7;Chapter 1. The Definition of the Situation: an Analysis of the Ethnomethodological and Dramaturgical View;379
8.7.1;THE DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION;381
8.7.2;THE ETHNOMETHODOLOGICAL SOLUTION;387
8.7.3;THE DRAMATURGICAL SOLUTION;391
8.7.4;DRAMATISM AND SOCIOLOGY;393
8.7.5;CONCLUSION;400
8.7.6;REFERENCES;400
8.8;Chapter 2. A Theory of the Definition of the Situation;403
8.8.1;THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE SITUATIONS;404
8.8.2;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;417
8.8.3;Chapter 3. The Dramaturgical Model;420
8.8.4;A. SCENE ANALYSIS;421
8.8.5;REFERENCES;433
8.9;Socio- and Psycholinguistics: Introduction;434
8.9.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;435
8.10;Chapter 1. The Neglected Situation;436
8.11;Chapter 2. The Situation: A Neglected Source of Social Class Differences in Language Use;440
8.11.1;THE "LESS LANGUAGE" EXPLANATION;441
8.11.2;THE "DIFFERENT LANGUAGE" EXPLANATION;444
8.11.3;INADEQUACY OF BOTH EXPLANATIONS;445
8.11.4;THE EFFECTS OF SITUATIONS;447
8.11.5;TOWARDS A THEORY OF ORAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION;459
8.11.6;REFERENCES;460
8.12;Chapter 3. Address Forms Used by Members of a Department Store;464
8.12.1;INTRODUCTION;464
8.12.2;METHOD;467
8.12.3;RESULTS;469
8.12.4;DISCUSSION;474
8.12.5;REFERENCES;477
8.13;Clinical Psychology: Introduction;478
8.13.1;SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL REFERENCES;479
8.14;Chapter 1. Effectiveness of Situation Redefinition and Affective Isolation in Coping with Stress;482
8.14.1;METHOD;485
8.14.2;RESULTS;488
8.14.3;DISCUSSION;491
8.14.4;REFERENCES;492
8.15;Chapter 2. Situational Determinants of Assertive Behaviors;493
8.15.1;METHOD;495
8.15.2;RESULTS;500
8.15.3;DISCUSSION;508
8.15.4;REFERENCES;510
8.16;Chapter 3. A Situation-Specific Model for Smoking Behavior;511
8.16.1;A SITUATION-SPECIFIC MODEL FOR SMOKING BEHAVIOR;512
8.16.2;METHOD;513
8.16.3;RESULTS;516
8.16.4;DISCUSSION;527
8.16.5;REFERENCES;529
9;Author Index;532
10;Subject Index;548