Ganter South Africa: Wind Energy Barriers

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-8366-4320-7
Verlag: Diplomica Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

E-Book, Englisch, 91 Seiten

The rapid adoption of wind energy in the renewable energy mix can be seen in many industrialized nations in the past decade, in particular the need to agreed greenhouse gas reduction and stable energy supply are seen as a sound vision for a sustainable energy policy.
In an emerging market such as South Africa there are abundant renewable resources including wind energy, however there is low adoption observed to date.
This study investigates barriers to entry in the South African wind energy sector and what the priorities are to remove such barriers for successful deployment of wind technology.
Therefore, it was required to examine successful deployment of wind energy in the European Union and how such barriers were removed; this was set in the current status of the renewable energy sector and existing barriers in South Africa. It was necessary to gain insight of the inter-related issues on opening a traditional fossil fuel based energy market to a transitional implementation of renewable energy provisioning, considering the current utility monopoly based energy landscape in South Africa.The author works in the area of Global consulting in Environment, Infrastructure Utilising Renewable Energies multiple sectors. He is also published author on Zimbabwe's Heavenly Ruins investigating the building architecture and connections in ancient history.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ganter, Richard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Abstract;4
2;Dedication;5
3;Acknowledgements;6
4;TABLE OF CONTENTS;7
5;Abbreviations;9
6;List of Illustrations;10
7;Introduction;11
7.1;Background and aims of the study;11
8;Chapter 1: Introduction;13
8.1;1.1 Reasons for Renewable Energy Implementation in a world context;13
8.2;1.2 Global Lessons on Barriers to Renewable Energy;13
8.3;1.3 Global Benefits of Renewables in the Energy Mix;15
8.4;1.4 South Africa’s Emissions;16
8.5;1.5 Scaling Up Wind Energy;18
8.6;1.6 South Africa’s Wind Energy Potential;19
9;Chapter 2: Research Question;21
9.1;2.1 Research Objective;21
9.2;2.2 Research Method;21
9.3;2.3 Qualitative Research Method;21
9.4;2.4 Defining the qualitative research setting: Sampling;22
9.5;2.5 Method & Tools;22
9.6;2.6 Questionnaires;23
9.7;2.7 Stakeholder Interviews;23
9.8;2.8 Literary Research Outline;23
9.9;2.9 Academic Sources;24
10;Chapter 3: Lessons from Europe;25
10.1;3.1 Lessons from Europe - Background;25
10.2;3.2 Barriers to Entry;26
10.3;3.3 Support Mechanisms;27
10.4;3.4 Regional Harmonisation of Support Schemes;27
10.5;3.5 Tendering;27
10.6;3.6 Feed-in Tariffs;28
10.7;3.7 Fiscal Mechanisms Overview;28
10.8;3.8 Evaluation of Specific Support Schemes;30
10.9;3.9 Effectiveness of Support Mechanisms;30
10.10;3.10 Effective Mechanisms in Key Wind Markets in Europe;32
10.11;3.11 Conclusion on EU Support Mechanisms;33
10.12;3.12 Exploring Barriers to Entry;34
10.13;3.13 Gale force Offshore Barriers;34
10.14;3.14 Grid Access;35
10.15;3.15 Smart Grid and Decentralised Electricity;35
10.16;3.16 Renewable Energy and Socio Economic Effects;36
10.17;3.17 Public Acceptance and Property;36
10.18;3.18 Environmental Impact Assessments;37
10.19;3.19 Adverse Effects of Wind Technology: Noise, Visual Impact, electromagnetic interference;37
10.20;3.20 Conclusions on Removal of Barriers;38
11;Chapter 4: Energy Landscape in South Africa;39
11.1;4.1 Background;39
11.2;4.2 Renewable Energy Policy Status;41
11.3;4.3 Barriers to wind energy in South Africa;42
11.4;4.4 Eskom and the renewable energy sector;43
11.5;4.5 Barriers - Mapping the Wind Potential;44
11.6;4.6 Support mechanisms for removal of barriers;46
11.7;4.7 Provincial and Local Initiatives;48
11.8;4.8 Distribution and Decentralised Energy;49
11.9;4.9 Small Scale Wind;50
11.10;4.10 Renewable energy and Socio-Economic Impact;51
11.11;4.11 Measures remaining to remove existing barriers;52
11.12;4.12 Slowly off the mark - REFIT;54
11.13;4.13 Priorities for removal;54
12;Chapter 5: Survey Methods;55
12.1;5.1 Survey Methods;55
12.2;5.2 Data Analysis;55
12.3;5.3 Stakeholders Interviewed;56
12.4;5.4 Limitations;57
13;Chapter 6: Qualitative Findings;58
13.1;6.1 Qualitative Findings;58
13.2;6.2 On current status of the South African RE sector;58
13.3;6.3 On successful support initiatives for renewable energy;59
13.4;6.4 On unsuccessful measures;60
13.5;6.5 On barriers to entry;61
13.6;6.6 On removal of barriers;62
13.7;6.7 On priorities to remove barriers;62
14;Chapter 7: Discussion;64
14.1;7.1 Discussion on removal of barriers to entry in the wind energy sector;64
14.2;7.2 Institutional and administration barriers;64
14.3;7.3 A question of liberalisation;64
14.4;7.4 Market transformation;66
14.5;7.5 RE tradable certificates;67
14.6;7.6 Grid access;67
14.7;7.7. Issues of rising land prices;68
14.8;7.8 Skills transfer and Training;68
15;Chapter 8: Conclusions;68
16;Chapter 9: Recommendations and Research & Development;70
17;Appendix 1: Energy from Wind;71
18;Appendix 2: Historical overview on promotion strategies for electricity from RES in European countries;74
19;Appendix 3: Inventory of current support systems;75
20;Appendix 4: Questionnaire Example;79
21;Appendix 5: Summary Research Results from Coded Analysis;80
22;Bibliography and References;81