Gibowicz / Kijko / Dmowska An Introduction to Mining Seismology

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-0-08-091836-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 55, 399 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: International Geophysics

An Introduction to Mining Seismology describes comprehensively the modern methods and techniques used to monitor and study seismicity and rockbursts in mines. Key case histories from various worldwide mining districts clearly illustrate and skillfully emphasize the practical aspects of mining seismology. This text is intended as a handbook for geophysicists and mining and rock mechanics engineers working at mines. It will also serve as an essential reference tool for seismologists working at research institutions on local seismicity not necessarily induced by mining. - Presents a comprehensive description of seismicity induced by mining worldwide - Provides information on optimum network planning and seismic event location procedures in deep mines - Covers a broad array of topics including focal mechanism, moment tensor, and double-couple versus non-double-couple seismic events in mines - Includes data on source parameters and scaling relations for seismic events in mines

Zielgruppe

Academic/professional/technical: Postgraduate. Academic/professional/technical: Research and professional

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gibowicz, Slawomir Jerzy

Kijko, Andrzej

Dmowska, Renata

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;An Introduction to Mining Seismology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Chapter 1. Introduction;12
6.1;1.1 Seismicity in Underground Mines;13
6.2;1.2 Seismicity Induced by Surface Mining;21
6.3;1.3 The Scope of the Book;23
7;Chapter 2. Principal Types of Mine Tremors;26
7.1;2.1 Seismic Events at Stope Faces;26
7.2;2.2 Geologic Discontinuities and Seismicity;30
7.3;2.3 Bimodal Distribution of Mine Tremors: An Introduction;33
8;Chapter 3. Seismic Waves at Short Distances;35
8.1;3.1 Displacement and Strain;35
8.2;3.2 Stress;37
8.3;3.3 Stress-Strain Relations;40
8.4;3.4 Equations of Motion;42
8.5;3.5 Plane Seismic Waves;45
8.6;3.6 Spherical Waves;48
8.7;3.7 Plane Seismic Waves in a Layered Medium;49
9;Chapter 4. Location of Seismic Events in Mines;59
9.1;4.1 Classic Approach and Its Computational Aspects;60
9.2;4.2 Bayesian Approach;69
9.3;4.3 Fedorov's Generalization of Least-Squares Procedure: Location with Approximate Velocity Models;74
9.4;4.4 Relative Location Technique;76
9.5;4.5 Simultaneous Hypocenter and Velocity Determination;80
9.6;4.6 Other Location Methods;85
10;Chapter 5. Optimal Planning of Seismic Networks in Mines;89
10.1;5.1 Theoretical Background;90
10.2;5.2 Special Cases and Applications;93
11;Chapter 6. Selected Topics from Seismic Tomography in Mines;104
11.1;6.1 Mathematical Principles;105
11.2;6.2 Effects of Seismic Ray Bending;108
11.3;6.3 Inversion Techniques;110
12;Chapter 7. Stress-Induced Anisotropy and the Propagation of Seismic Waves;116
12.1;7.1 Stress–Strain Relations;117
12.2;7.2 Equations of Motion;118
12.3;7.3 Anisotropic Symmetry Systems;120
12.4;7.4 Wave Propagation in Cracked Solids;122
12.5;7.5 Shear-Wave Splitting Induced by Anisotropy;126
12.6;7.6 Shear-Wave Splitting in Isotropic Media;134
13;Chapter 8. Attenuation and Scattering of Seismic Waves;139
13.1;8.1 Anelastic Effects;140
13.2;8.2 Viscoelastic Constitutive Relations;141
13.3;8.3 Intrinsic Attenuation and Its Quality Factor Q;148
13.4;8.4 Attenuation in Anisotropic Media;155
13.5;8.5 Scattering Effects and Coda Waves;157
13.6;8.6 Single-Scattering Models of Coda Generation;164
13.7;8.7 Multiple-Scattering Models;168
13.8;8.8 Frequency Dependence of Q and Backscattering Coefficient;174
13.9;8.9 Methods of Calculation of Quality Factor Q;178
14;Chapter 9. Focal Mechanism of Mine Tremors;187
14.1;9.1 Single Forces in Homogeneous Media;188
14.2;9.2 Concentrated Force Couples;196
14.3;9.3 Double-Couple Sources;200
14.4;9.4 Determination of Fault-Plane Solutions;209
14.5;9.5 Moment-Tensor Inversion;220
14.6;9.6 Non-Double-Couple Seismic Events;231
15;Chapter 10. Seismic Source Modeling;235
15.1;10.1 Recent Developments in Fracture Mechanics;235
15.2;10.2 Dislocation and Crack Source Models;243
15.3;10.3 Complex Source Models: Asperities and Barriers;252
15.4;10.4 Earthquake Sequences;260
15.5;10.5 Synthetic Seismograms;266
15.6;10.6 Faults and Fractals;270
16;Chapter 11. Seismic Spectra and Source Parameters;275
16.1;11.1 Spectral and Time-Domain Parameters;276
16.2;11.2 Seismic Moment;288
16.3;11.3 Magnitude;289
16.4;11.4 Seismic Energy;292
16.5;11.5 Source Dimensions;295
16.6;11.6 Stress-Release Estimates;302
16.7;11.7 Scaling Relations;305
17;Chapter 12. Statistical Assessment of Seismic Hazard in Mines: Statistical Prediction;312
17.1;12.1 The Gutenberg–Richter Frequency–Magnitude Distribution;312
17.2;12.2 Extreme Distributions of Magnitudes;321
17.3;12.3 Bimodal Distributions of Mine Tremors;325
17.4;12.4 Seismicity and Rock Extraction;333
17.5;12.5 The Number and Energy of Seismic Events in the Stope Area;338
17.6;12.6 Statistics with Incomplete and Uncertain Data;340
18;Chapter 13. Prediction and Prevention of Large Seismic Events;347
18.1;13.1 Precursory Phenomena;348
18.2;13.2 Dilatancy Models;353
18.3;13.3 Prevention;356
19;References;358
20;Selected Bibliography;397
21;Index;400
22;International Geophysics Series;408