1. State-Society Configuration: Strong State vs. Weak Society
Statist and Societal Explanations for the Likelihood of A Top-down Transition
Hypotheses, Sources, and Methods
Hypotheses
Sources and Methods
Plan of Book
2.Chinese Communist Party and Bureaucratic Elite in Post-Mao Reform
Post-Mao Leadership-Bureaucracy Relationship: Effective Political Control over Effective Bureaucracy
Different Approaches to Post-Mao Leadership-Bureaucracy Relationship
The General Office System
Explaining Post-Mao Leadership-Bureaucracy Relationship
Confucian Tradition and Chinese Bureaucratic System
The Development of Leninist State System
CCP and the Post-Mao Reform
Bureaucratic Elites' Image of the Post-Mao Party Leadership
LThe Role of Bureaucracy in China's Democratic Process
Different Images of Chinese Bureaucracy in the Political Process
Bureaucratic Elites' Self-interests in the Political System
Bureaucratic Elite's Concern with Unity and Stability in China
Conclusion
3. Problems of Political Opposition in Inducing Democracy in China
From Loyal Courtiers to A Loyal Oppostion
Middle-of-the-road
Impact of Confucian Tradition on the Chinese Intelligentsia
"Wholesale Westerniation"
Role of the Communist Party
Well-entrenched Totalitarian State System in Maoist China
Leninist State System in Maoist China and Eastern Europe
Insitutional Consequence of Mao's Totalitarian State System
Philosophical Consequence of Mao's Totalitarian State System
The Democratic Elite and the Tiananmen Movement
A Democratic Movement?
A Restricted Democracy and An Economic Explanation
The "Democratic" Elite
The Elite-Mass Cleavage
Chinese Dissident Movement Abroad
A Dilemma
Internal Splits
Across the Ocean
Double-edged Sword
The Dissidents' Dead End
Conclusion
4. The People and the Intelligentsia in Post-1989 China
A Deferential People
From Confucian Culture
Education Level and Political Awareness
Legacy of Mao's Mass Political Movement
Party Strength in the Basic-level Government and Community Development
Party Strength in Rural China
Party Strength in Urban China
Popular Endorsement of the Party Leadership and Reform
Recent Survey Results
Post-Tiananmen Developmental Consensus
Intellectual Life in Post-1989 China
Attitudes toward Democracy
Attitudes toward the Party Leadership
Views about China's Future
Conclusion
5. China's Newly Emerging Private Entrepreneurial Classes
he Traditional New Rich
Confucian Prejudice against Merchant Class
Low Education Level and the Lack if A Right-based Orientation
Explaining the Relationship between the Private Sector and the Party-state
State Power and Entrepreneurial Dependence on Officialdom
Economic Priority of the Entrepreneurial Class
Understanding Privates Entrepreneurs' Role in China's Political Process
Penetrating the Political System? Joining the Political Opposition?
Conclusion
6. Top-down Transition to Democracy in China
Established State-Society Configuration- A Summary
Strength of the Party-state
Weakness of the Societal Actors
Established State-Society Configuration and Top-down Democratic Transistion
Likelihood of A Top-down Democratic Transition
Leadership-initiated Political Change
Economic Development Makes Democracy Possible
Political Leadership Makes Democracy Real
Conclusion
7. China's Democratic Development in the Twenty-first Century
An Optimistic Future of Democratic Development
Along the Historical Trend
Expectation for the Party Leadership to Press on Reform
Imperative of Combatting Official Corruption
A Long Journey to Democracy
The Political Reform
The Democratic Electoral System
The Role of CCP in China's Democratic Transistion
Conclusion
Appendix A: List of Interviews in China (Summer 2000)
Appenix B: Interview Questions
Bibliography
Tables and Figures
