Hadden / Willoughby Advances in Immunopharmacology

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Immunopharmacology, July 1982, Washington, USA
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8609-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 893 Seiten, Web PDF

The second of two volumes covering the most recent developments in this new field. Like the previous volume, this book brings together the two fields of immunology and pharmacology, and offers a review format for advances in basic aspects, as well as an update in discussion format of therapy-related advances.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hadden, J. W.

Willoughby, D. A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Immunopharmacology 2;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Part 1: Pharmacology — Toxicology;16
5.1;Chapter 1. Phenytoin and HumoralImmunity: Background and a Pharmacokinetic Interpretationof Recent Findings;18
5.1.1;ABSTRACT;18
5.1.2;KEYWORDS;18
5.1.3;INTRODUCTION;18
5.1.4;ANIMAL STUDIES;19
5.1.5;PHARMACOKINETIC CONSIDERATIONS;22
5.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;23
5.1.7;EFERENCES;23
5.2;Chapter 2. Kinetics and Pharmacological Implications of MDP;26
5.2.1;ABSTRACT;26
5.2.2;KEYWORDS;26
5.2.3;INTRODUCTION;26
5.2.4;METABOLIC FATE OF MDP IN VIVO;27
5.2.5;PHARMACOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO MDP;27
5.2.6;EXAMPLES OF DISSOCIATION BETWEEN PHARMACOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO MDP;28
5.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;30
5.2.8;REFERENCES;30
5.3;Chapter 3. Biotransformation of Immunotherapeutic Agents;32
5.3.1;PREDNISONE/PREDNISOLONE;32
5.3.2;AZATHI0PRINE/6-MERCAPT0PURINE (AZA/6MP);34
5.3.3;LEVAMISOLE;35
5.3.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;36
5.3.5;REFERENCES;36
5.4;Chapter 4. Immunotoxicity of Tumor Promoting Environmental Chemicals and Phorbol Diesters;38
5.4.1;ABSTRACT;38
5.4.2;KEYWORDS;38
5.4.3;INTRODUCTION;38
5.4.4;METHODS AND RESULTS;41
5.4.5;DISCUSSION;44
5.4.6;REFERENCES;44
5.5;Chapter 5. Persistent Immune Dysfunction in Michigan Dairy Farm Residents Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls;48
5.5.1;ABSTRACT;48
5.5.2;KEYWORDS;48
5.5.3;INTRODUCTION;48
5.5.4;SUBJECTS STUDIED;49
5.5.5;PREPARATION OF THE BLOOD SPECIMEN;50
5.5.6;RESULTS;50
5.5.7;IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF BLOOD COMPARTMENTS;52
5.5.8;REFERENCES;54
5.6;Chapter 6. The Lymphocyte as Target of Toxicity: a Biochemical Approach to Dialkyltin Induced Immunosuppression;56
5.6.1;ABSTRACT;56
5.6.2;KEYWORDS;56
5.6.3;INTRODUCTION;56
5.6.4;THE IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS OF DIALKYLTIN COMPOUNDS;57
5.6.5;THE SELECTIVITY OF DIALKYLTIN INDUCED THYMUS ATROPHY;59
5.6.6;INTERFERENCE OF DIALKYLTIN COMPOUNDS WITH CELL ENERGETICS;62
5.6.7;DISTRIBUTION STUDIES WITH ^-LABELLED DIALKYLTINS;68
5.6.8;INTERACTION OF DIALKYLTINS WITH SULPHYDRYL GROUPS;69
5.6.9;CONCLUDING REMARKS;74
5.6.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;75
5.6.11;REFERENCES;75
6;Part 2: Lymphocyte Activation;76
6.1;Chapter 7. The Relationship between Early T Cell Activation Antigens and T Cell Proliferation;78
6.1.1;ABSTRACT;78
6.1.2;INTRODUCTION;78
6.1.3;RESULTS;78
6.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;82
6.1.5;REFERENCES;82
6.2;Chapter 8. Membrane Fluidity and Enzyme Changes in Lymphocyte Activation;84
6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;84
6.2.2;REFERENCES;87
6.3;Chapter 9. Membrane Methylation and other Early Biochemical Reactions in the Mitogen Activation of Lymphocytes;90
6.3.1;ABSTRACT;90
6.3.2;KEYWORDS;90
6.3.3;INTRODUCTION;91
6.3.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;91
6.3.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;91
6.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;94
6.3.7;REFERENCES;94
6.4;Chapter 10. The Role of Calcium and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Lymphocyte Activation;96
6.4.1;ABSTRACT;96
6.4.2;KEYWORDS;96
6.4.3;INTRODUCTION;96
6.4.4;CALCIUM INFLUX;97
6.4.5;REFERENCES;100
6.5;Chapter 11. Calcium and Guanylate Cyclase in Lymphocyte Activation;102
6.5.1;ABSTRACT;102
6.5.2;KEYWORDS;102
6.5.3;INTRODUCTION;102
6.5.4;CALCIUM;103
6.5.5;CYCLIC GMP;103
6.5.6;GUANYLATE CYCLASE;104
6.5.7;PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM AND GUANYLATE CYCLASE;106
6.5.8;REFERENCES;107
6.6;Chapter 12. Nuclear Activation and Regulation of Lymphocyte Protein Synthesis;110
6.6.1;REFERENCES;114
7;Part 3: Monoclonal Antibodies;116
7.1;Chapter 13. Immunopharmacologic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Lymphocytes;118
7.1.1;KEYWORDS;118
7.1.2;INTRODUCTION;118
7.1.3;BASIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES;118
7.1.4;CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES;119
7.1.5;REFERENCES;120
7.2;Chapter 14. Characterization and Functions of Human T Cell Subsets;122
7.2.1;Introduction;122
7.2.2;Functional heterogeneity within the 0KT4+ population;123
7.2.3;Distinct immunoregulatory functions within the 0KT8+ subset;125
7.2.4;SUMMARY;126
7.2.5;REFERENCES;127
7.3;Chapter 15. Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy;128
7.3.1;INTRODUCTION;128
7.3.2;ANTIGEN DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY;128
7.3.3;APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO TUMOR DIAGNOSIS;130
7.3.4;THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES;131
7.3.5;CONCLUSIONS;134
7.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;134
7.3.7;REFERENCES;134
7.4;Chapter 16. Monoclonal Antibodies in Bone Marrow Transplantation;136
7.4.1;SUMMARY;136
7.4.2;USE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR THERAPY IN VIVO;136
7.4.3;STANDARDISATION OF MC AB-S TO T LYMPHOCYTES;137
7.4.4;ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT GVHD WITH MC AB-s IN PATIENTS;140
7.4.5;STANDARDISATION OF MC AB-s FOR AUT0L0G0US TRANSPLANTATION;140
7.4.6;CONCLUSION;142
7.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;142
7.4.8;REFERENCES;142
7.5;Chapter 17. Monoclonal Antibodies and Platelet Functions;144
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;144
7.5.2;KEYWORDS;144
7.5.3;INTRODUCTION;144
7.5.4;REFERENCES;148
8;Part 4: Interferon;150
8.1;Chapter 18. Interferons: Immunopharmacological Considerations;152
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;152
8.1.2;INTRODUCTION;152
8.1.3;INTERFERON HETEROGENEITIES;153
8.1.4;PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES;154
8.1.5;CLINICAL CORRELATIONS OF EFFICACY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES;154
8.1.6;IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS;155
8.1.7;REFERENCES;156
8.2;Chapter 19. Interferon and Inducers: Regulatory Effects on Cellular Functions;158
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;158
8.2.2;KEYWORDS;158
8.2.3;DIRECT EFFECTS OF INTERFERONS ON EFFECTOR CELLS;158
8.2.4;EFFECTS OF INTERFERONS ON CELL REGULATION;158
8.2.5;CLINICAL TRIALS;160
8.3;Chapter 20. Interferon and NK Cells;162
8.4;Chapter 21. Short and Long Term Effect of Interferon in the Natural Cell Killer System;168
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;168
8.4.2;KEYWORDS;168
8.4.3;INTRODUCTION;168
8.4.4;MATERIAL AND METHODS;169
8.4.5;RESULT AND DISCUSSION;170
8.4.6;DISCUSSION;173
8.4.7;ACKNCWLEaXEMENT;173
8.4.8;REFERENCES;174
8.5;Chapter 22. Autoregulation of Macrophage Cytotoxic Activity by Interferons and Prostaglandins;176
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;176
8.5.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;177
8.5.3;RESULTS;178
8.5.4;DISCUSSION;181
8.5.5;REFERENCES;181
8.6;Chapter 23. Antiviral and Antitumor Effects of Butyrate Salts Associated with an Immune Modulator and/or Interferon;182
8.6.1;ABSTRACT;182
8.6.2;KEYWORDS;182
8.6.3;INTRODUCTION;182
8.6.4;METHODS AND RESULTS;183
8.6.5;ANTIVIRAL EFFECT;183
8.6.6;ANTITUMOR EFFECT;185
8.6.7;CONCLUSION;186
8.6.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;187
8.6.9;REFERENCES;187
8.7;Chapter 24. Clinical Trials with Interferons in Patients with Cancer;188
8.7.1;ABSTRACT;188
8.7.2;KEYWORDS;188
8.7.3;INTRODUCTION;188
8.7.4;THERAPEUTIC TRIALS;188
8.7.5;INTERFERON TOXICITY;191
8.7.6;BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFICATION;191
9;Part 5: Immunopharmacology of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases;194
9.1;Chapter 25. Role of Eosinophils in Resistance to Worm Infections;196
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;196
9.1.2;KEYWORDS;196
9.1.3;INTRODUCTION;196
9.1.4;SCHIST0S0MULA-E0SIN0PHIL INTERACTION;197
9.1.5;EGG-E0SIN0PHIL INTERACTION;198
9.1.6;COMMENTS;199
9.1.7;REFERENCES;199
9.2;Chapter 26. Immunopharmacology of Parasitic Diseases;202
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;202
9.2.2;KEYWORDS;202
9.2.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;202
9.2.4;SCHISTOSOME-DERIVED INHIBITORY FACTOR OF LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE(SDIF);204
9.2.5;MACROPHAGE INHIBITORY PEPTIDES;205
9.2.6;INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SCHISTOSOME DERIVED SUBSTANCE(S) ON MAST CELL FUNCTION;205
9.2.7;ACTIVATION OF E0SIN0PHILS BY SCHIST0S0ME RELEASED PRODUCTS (SRP);206
9.2.8;CONCLUSION;207
9.2.9;REFERENCES;207
9.3;Chapter 27. Clinical Immunomodulation of Bacterial Infection;210
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;210
9.3.2;KEYWORDS;210
9.3.3;INTRODUCTION;210
9.3.4;PRESENT USE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES;211
9.3.5;POTENTIAL USE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS;213
9.3.6;EXPERIMENTAL MODELS FOR IMMUNOMODULATOR USE IN BACTERIAL DISEASES;215
9.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;218
9.3.8;REFERENCES;218
9.4;Chapter 28. The Cause, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis;220
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;220
9.4.2;KEYWORDS;220
9.4.3;INTRODUCTION;220
9.4.4;CAUSE AND PATHOGENESIS;220
9.4.5;TREATMENT;222
9.4.6;REFERENCES;224
10;Part 6: Macrophage Activation;228
10.1;Chapter 29. Biochemical Correlates of Macrophage Activation;230
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;230
10.1.2;KEYWORDS;230
10.1.3;INTRODUCTION;230
10.1.4;REFERENCES;234
10.2;Chapter 30. Lymphokine Induced Macrophage Proliferation: Purification andCharacterization of AntigenInduced MGF/CSF;236
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;236
10.2.2;KEY WORDS;236
10.2.3;INTRODUCTION;236
10.2.4;PRODUCTION AND ASSAY;237
10.2.5;THE ROLE OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN MGF/CSF ACTION;237
10.2.6;PURIFICATION OF MGF/CSF;239
10.2.7;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION;241
10.2.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;241
10.2.9;REFERENCES;242
10.3;Chapter 31. Transient Cytotoxic Responses of Activated Macrophages: Characterization of Signals that Regulate Cytotoxic Activity;244
10.3.1;REFERENCES;249
10.4;Chapter 32. Systemic Activation of Macrophages and Treatment of Cancer Metastases byLiposomes containing Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Muramyl Dipeptide;250
10.4.1;ABSTRACT;250
10.4.2;KEYWORDS;250
10.4.3;INTRODUCTION;250
10.4.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;251
10.4.5;RESULTS;252
10.4.6;DISCUSSION;255
10.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;255
10.4.8;REFERENCES;256
10.5;Chapter 33. Regulation of Macrophage Function by Lymphokines Role of Membrane Phospholipids;258
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;258
10.5.2;KEYWORDS;258
10.5.3;INTRODUCTION;258
10.5.4;LYMPHOKINES ENHANCE THE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF MACROPHAGES;259
10.5.5;ROLE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE ELICITATION OF THE OXIDATIVE BURSTIN MACROPHAGES;259
10.5.6;HYPOTHESIS - ROLE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN LYMPHOKINE ACTION ONMACROPHAGES;261
10.5.7;REFERENCES;263
10.6;Chapter 34. Regulation of the Tumoricidal and Suppressive Activity of Human Macrophages;266
10.6.1;ABSTRACT;266
10.6.2;KEYWORDS;266
10.6.3;INTRODUCTION;266
10.6.4;CYTOTOXICITY OF HUMAN M0N0NUCL1 AR PHAGOCYTES;266
10.6.5;MODULATION OF NATURAL KILLER (NK) ACTIVITY BY VARIOUS MACROPHAGES POPULATIONS;268
10.6.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;269
10.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;270
10.6.8;REFERENCES;270
11;Part 7: Receptors;272
11.1;Chapter 35. Autacoids for Immune Modulation: a Strategy;274
11.1.1;ABSTRACT;274
11.1.2;KEYWORDS;274
11.1.3;INTRODUCTION;274
11.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;281
11.1.5;REFERENCES;281
11.2;Chapter 36. Some Selected Aspects of the Immunopharmacology of Adrenoceptors;284
11.2.1;ABSTRACT;284
11.2.2;KEYWORDS;284
11.2.3;REFERENCES;289
11.3;Chapter 37. Applications of Flow Cytometry to the Study of Immunology and Immune Diseases;292
11.3.1;ABSTRACT;292
11.3.2;KEYWORDS;292
11.3.3;REFERENCES;301
11.4;Chapter 38. Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Peptide Hormone— Receptor Cross Linking, Internalization, and Lysosomal Processing;302
11.4.1;ABSTRACT;302
11.4.2;KEYWORDS;302
11.4.3;INTRODUCTION;302
11.4.4;REFERENCES;306
11.5;Chapter 39. Immunologie Disturbances of Receptors in Diseases;308
11.5.1;ABSTRACT;308
11.5.2;KEYWORDS;308
11.5.3;INTRODUCTION;308
11.5.4;CONCLUSION;311
11.5.5;REFERENCES;311
12;Part 8: T-Cell Differentiation and Regulation;314
12.1;Chapter 40. T-T Cell Interactions in the Regulation of the Antibody Response: The Role of I Region Products on T Cells;316
12.1.1;References;320
12.2;Chapter 41. Thymus and T Cell Alterations in Murine Lupus: Immunological and Pharmacological Effects of Thymus Replacement;322
12.2.1;INTRODUCTION;322
12.2.2;THYMUS AND T CELL ABNORMALITIES IN AUTOIMMUNE MICE;322
12.2.3;REFERENCES;328
12.3;Chapter 42. Generation of Monoclonal Human Antigen-specific T Cell Helper Factors;330
12.3.1;ABSTRACT;330
12.3.2;KEYWORDS;330
12.3.3;INTRODUCTION;330
12.3.4;METHODS;330
12.3.5;RESULTS;331
12.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;334
12.3.7;REFERENCES;334
13;Part 9: Immunopharmacology of Inflammation and Autoimmunity;336
13.1;Chapter 43. Current Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis;338
13.1.1;ABSTRACT;338
13.1.2;KEYWORDS;338
13.1.3;INTRODUCTION;338
13.1.4;IMMUNE-REACTIVE DRUGS;338
13.1.5;PLASMAPHERESIS;341
13.1.6;REFERENCES;343
13.2;Chapter 44. Present Status of Pharmacotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases;344
13.3;Chapter 45. Therapeutic Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE);352
13.3.1;ABSTRACT;352
13.3.2;KEYWORDS;352
13.3.3;INTRODUCTION;352
13.3.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;353
13.3.5;RESULTS;354
13.3.6;DISCUSSION;357
13.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;358
13.3.8;REFERENCES;359
13.4;Chapter 46. Immunopharmacology of Remission-inducing Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis;360
13.4.1;ABSTRACT;360
13.4.2;KEY WORDS;360
13.4.3;INTRODUCTION;360
13.4.4;GOLD COMPOUNDS;361
13.4.5;ANTI-MALARIALS;363
13.4.6;D-PENICILLAMINE;363
13.4.7;CONCLUSION;364
13.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;364
13.4.9;REFERENCES;365
13.5;Chapter 47. Immunologie Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis;366
13.6;Chapter 48. Current Aspects of Chronic Inflammation;372
13.6.1;ABSTRACT;372
13.6.2;KEYWORDS;372
13.6.3;INTRODUCTION;372
13.6.4;COMPARISON OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND NON IMMUNOLOGICAL GRANULOMAS OF MYCOBACTERIALORIGIN;374
13.6.5;REFERENCES;377
14;Part 10: Granulocyte Activation;378
14.1;Chapter 49. Early Events in Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor Interaction;380
14.1.1;ABSTRACT;380
14.1.2;KEY WORDS;380
14.1.3;INTRODUCTION;380
14.1.4;SPECIFICITY OF THE NEUTROPHIL FORMYLPEPTIDE RECEPTOR;380
14.1.5;EFFECTS OF CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS ON NEUTROPHIL CATION TRANSL0CATI0N;382
14.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;384
14.1.7;REFERENCES;385
14.2;Chapter 50. Modulation of the Chemoattractant Receptor forfmet-leu-phe during Neutrophil Activation, Adaptaion and Deactivation;386
14.2.1;INTRODUCTION;386
14.2.2;ACTIVATION;386
14.2.3;RECEPTOR REPLENISHMENT AND UPREGULATION;387
14.2.4;ADAPTATION;389
14.2.5;HILL COEFFICIENTS OF fMET-LEU-PHE BINDING AND RESPONSE OF NEUTROPHILS TO DI-0-C5(3);390
14.2.6;DEACTIVATION;391
14.2.7;SUMMARY;392
14.2.8;REFERENCES;392
14.3;Chapter 51. Superoxide and Oxygen-Dependent Killing by Phagocytes;394
14.3.1;REFERENCES;397
14.4;Chapter 52. The Stimulation of Leukocytes;400
14.4.1;ABSTRACT;400
14.4.2;KEYWORDS;400
14.4.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;405
14.4.4;REFERENCES;405
14.5;Chapter 53. Methylation Reactions in the Regulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function;406
14.5.1;INTRODUCTION;406
14.5.2;DISCUSSION;410
14.5.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;411
14.5.4;REFERENCES;411
15;Part 11: New Vaccines and Antigen Modification;414
15.1;Chapter 54. Adjuvants for Vaccines;416
15.1.1;A. NATURAL ANTIGENS;416
15.1.2;B. SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS FOR VACCINATION AGAINST PATHOGENS;417
15.1.3;C. SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS FOR CONTROL OF FERTILITY;418
15.1.4;CONCLUSIONS;420
15.1.5;REFERENCES;420
15.2;Chapter 55. Chemistry and Immunology of Native and Synthetic Peptide Fragments of Streptococcal M Proteins;422
15.2.1;ABSTRACT;422
15.2.2;INTRODUCTION;422
15.2.3;STRUCTURE OF M PROTEIN;423
15.2.4;CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED M PROTEIN FRAGMENTS;424
15.2.5;HYDRIDQMA ANTIBODIES AGAINST M PROTEIN;427
15.2.6;CONCLUSION;428
15.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;428
15.2.8;REFERENCES;428
15.3;Chapter 56. New Approaches for Contraceptive Vaccine;430
15.3.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;435
15.3.2;REFERENCES;435
15.4;Chapter 57. Anti-influenza Response Induced with Synthetic Antigen;436
15.4.1;ABSTRACT;436
15.4.2;KEYWORDS;436
15.4.3;INTRODUCTION;436
15.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL;438
15.4.5;DISCUSSION;440
15.4.6;REFERENCES;441
15.5;Chapter 58. Use of MDP with Diphtheric or other Synthetic Oligopeptides asa Model for Totally Synthetic Vaccines;444
15.5.1;CONCLUSION;448
15.5.2;REFERENCES;448
15.6;Chapter 59. Perspective Offered by Genetic Engineering in the Developmentof New Vaccines against Hepatitis B;450
15.6.1;GENE EXPRESSION IN E.COLI;451
15.6.2;THE CHEMICALLY SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE WITH HBsAg ACTIVITY;454
15.6.3;CONCLUSION;454
15.6.4;REFERENCES;454
16;Part 12: Extraimmune Regulation of the Immune System;456
16.1;Chapter 60. Perspective Offered by Genetic Engineering in the Development of New Vaccines against Hepatitis B;450
16.1.1;HEPATITIS B AND THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (1,2);450
16.1.2;EXCRETION OF FREE VIRAL ENVELOPES BY CELLS TRANSFECTED WITHCLONED HBV DNA;451
16.1.3;GENE EXPRESSION IN E.COLI;451
16.1.4;THE CHEMICALLY SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE WITH HBsAg ACTIVITY;454
16.1.5;CONCLUSION;454
16.1.6;REFERENCES;454
17;Part 13: Extraimmune Regulation of the Immune System;456
17.1;Chapter 61. The Effect of Brain Stem Lesions on the Immune Response;458
17.1.1;ABSTRACT;458
17.1.2;KEY WORDS;458
17.1.3;INTRODUCTION;458
17.1.4;MATERIAL AND METHODS;459
17.1.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;459
17.1.6;REFERENCES;461
17.2;Chapter 62. Neuroimmunomodulation: the Evidence;466
17.2.1;NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION (NIM);466
17.2.2;REFERENCES;471
17.3;Chapter 63. Neuroendocrine Immunoregulatory Circuits;472
17.3.1;GLUCOCORTICOID-ASSOCIATED IMMUNOREGULATORY CIRCUIT;473
17.3.2;SYMPATHETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE;475
17.3.3;THE BRAIN AND IMMUNOREGULATION;476
17.3.4;REFERENCES;477
17.4;Chapter 64. Immunochronopharmacology;478
17.4.1;ABSTRACT;478
17.4.2;CHR0N0BI0L0GIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS;478
17.4.3;PENALTIES FOR AVOIDING RHYTHMS;483
17.4.4;BENEFITS FROM RHYTHM ASSESSMENT: CHRONOASSAY;484
17.4.5;CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC INDEX;486
17.4.6;CHRONOPHARMACOKINETICS;487
17.4.7;STEPS TOWARD IMMUNOCHRONOPHARMACOLOGY;488
17.4.8;EPILOGUE;489
17.4.9;REFERENCES;492
17.5;Chapter 65. Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression: Effects on the Course of Autoimmune Disease in New Zealand Hybrid Mice;494
17.5.1;ABSTRACT;494
17.5.2;KEYWORDS;494
17.5.3;INTRODUCTION;494
17.5.4;METHODS;495
17.5.5;RESULTS;496
17.5.6;DISCUSSION;498
17.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;499
17.5.8;REFERENCES;499
18;Part 14: Immunodiagnosis and Treatment of Neoplastic Diseases;500
18.1;Chapter 66. Immunotherapy of Human Cancer: Current Status and Prospects for Future Development;502
18.1.1;ABSTRACT;502
18.1.2;KEYWORDS;502
18.1.3;INTRODUCTION;502
18.1.4;DISSCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS;512
18.1.5;REFERENCES;513
18.2;Chapter 67. Cancer Immunotherapy in Japan;516
18.2.1;ABSTRACT;516
18.2.2;KEYWORDS;516
18.2.3;REFERENCES;521
18.3;Chapter 68. Evaluation of Criteria to be met for Effective Tumour Immunotherapy;524
18.3.1;ABSTRACT;524
18.3.2;KEYWORDS;524
18.3.3;INTRODUCTION;524
18.3.4;SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL RECOGNITION OF MALIGNANT CELLS;525
18.3.5;CONCLUSIONS;529
18.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;529
18.3.7;REFERENCES;529
18.4;Chapter 69. Clinical Applications of Acute Phase Proteins;532
18.4.1;References;538
19;Part 15: Pharmacology of Arachidonic Acid and the Leukotrienes;540
19.1;Chapter 70. The Leukotrienes: Mediators of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions and Inflammation;542
19.1.1;ABSTRACT;542
19.1.2;KEYWORDS;542
19.1.3;INTRODUCTION;542
19.1.4;DETECTION OF UNSTABLE INTERMEDIATE AND PRECURSOR OF SRS-A;543
19.1.5;NATURE OF SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS (SRS-A);543
19.1.6;FORMATION OF LEUKOTRIENES BY NOVEL PATHWAYS;545
19.1.7;BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEUKOTRIENES;546
19.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;547
19.1.9;REFERENCES;547
19.2;Chapter 71. Inhibitors of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade;550
19.2.1;ABSTRACT;550
19.2.2;KEYWORDS;550
19.2.3;REFERENCES;556
19.3;Chapter 72. Characteristics of Human Leukocyte Receptors for Leukotrienes;558
19.3.1;ABSTRACT;558
19.3.2;KEYWORDS;558
19.3.3;REFERENCES;563
19.3.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;563
19.4;Chapter 73. In Vivo and In Vitro Actions of a New Selective Inhibitor of Leukotriene C and D Synthesis;564
19.4.1;CONCLUSIONS;569
19.4.2;REFERENCES;569
19.5;Chapter 74. Free Radical Mechanisms;570
19.5.1;ABSTRACT;570
19.5.2;KEYWORDS;570
19.5.3;REFERENCES;576
20;Part 16: Mediators;578
20.1;Chapter 75. Platelet-activating Factor (PAF-acether);580
20.1.1;ABSTRACT;580
20.1.2;KEYWORDS;580
20.1.3;STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAF-ACETHER;580
20.1.4;SOURCES OF PAF-ACETHER;581
20.1.5;PAF-ACETHER METABOLISM;582
20.1.6;EFFECTS OF PAF-ACETHER ON CELLS INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION;583
20.1.7;CONCLUSION;584
20.1.8;REFERENCES;584
20.2;Chapter 76. C-reactive Protein and other Acute Phase Reactants;588
20.2.1;REFERENCES;593
20.3;Chapter 77. Endogenous Pyrogen;594
20.3.1;ABSTRACT;594
20.3.2;KEYWORDS;594
20.3.3;KEYWORDS;580
20.3.4;STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAF-ACETHER;580
20.3.5;SOURCES OF PAF-ACETHER;581
20.3.6;PAF-ACETHER METABOLISM;582
20.3.7;EFFECTS OF PAF-ACETHER ON CELLS INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION;583
20.3.8;CONCLUSION;584
20.3.9;REFERENCES;584
20.4;Chapter 78. C-reactive Protein and other Acute Phase Reactants;588
20.4.1;REFERENCES;593
20.5;Chapter 79. Endogenous Pyrogen;594
20.5.1;ABSTRACT;594
20.5.2;KEYWORDS;594
20.5.3;LEUKOCYTE ENDOGENOUS MEDIATOR;596
20.5.4;INTERLEUKIN 1;596
20.5.5;IMPLICATIONS;597
20.5.6;REFERENCES;598
20.6;Chapter 80. Hageman Factor-dependent Pathways and Bradykinin Formation;600
20.6.1;REFERENCES;604
21;Part 17: InterJeukins and other Cytokines;606
21.1;Chapter 81. The Biology of the Interleukins;608
21.1.1;ABSTRACT;608
21.1.2;KEYWORDS;608
21.1.3;INTRODUCTION;608
21.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;609
21.1.5;REFERENCES;611
21.2;Chapter 82. Characterization and Mechanism of Action of Soluble Immune Response Suppressor (SIRS;612
21.2.1;ABSTRACT;612
21.2.2;KEYWORDS;612
21.2.3;INTRODUCTION;612
21.2.4;CONCLUSION;616
21.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;617
21.2.6;REFERENCES;617
21.3;Chapter 83. Macrophage Evolution and Interactions with Lymphokines;618
21.3.1;ABSTRACT;618
21.3.2;KEYWORDS;618
21.3.3;INTRODUCTION;618
21.3.4;BONE MARROW CELL CULTURE AS A DEVELOPING SYSTEM;619
21.3.5;CHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MIFs;620
21.3.6;SIGNAL ANALYSIS;620
21.3.7;HYPOTHESIS;621
21.3.8;REFERENCES;622
21.4;Chapter 84. Lymphokines Mediate and Regulate In Vivo Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions;624
21.4.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;629
21.4.2;REFERENCES;629
22;Part 18: Immunopharmacology of the Mast Cell;630
22.1;Chapter 85. Lipoxygenase Products of Arachidonic Acid: their Role in Inflammatory Events Mediated by Human Basophils and Mast Cells;632
22.1.1;ABSTRACT;632
22.1.2;KEY WORDS;632
22.1.3;INTRODUCTION;632
22.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;633
22.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;636
22.1.6;REFERENCES;636
22.2;Chapter 86. Methylation of Membrane Phospholipid in Mast Cell Activation;638
22.2.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;643
22.2.2;REFERENCES;643
22.3;Chapter 87. T Cell Regulation of IgE Synthesis in Atopic Patients;644
22.3.1;ABSTRACT;644
22.3.2;INTRODUCTION;645
22.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;645
22.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;646
22.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;649
22.3.6;REFERENCES;650
22.4;Chapter 88. Mast Cell Neutral Proteases;652
22.4.1;ABSTRACT;652
22.4.2;KEYWORDS;652
22.4.3;IKTRODUCTION;652
22.4.4;PROTEASES OF RAT SEROSAL MAST CELLS;653
22.4.5;PROTEASES OF HUMAN PULMONARY MAST CELLS;656
22.4.6;REFERENCES;657
22.5;Chapter 89. Chapter IgE Receptor and c AMP in Mast Cell Activation;660
22.5.1;ABSTRACT;660
22.5.2;KEY WORDS;660
22.5.3;INTRODUCTION;660
22.5.4;CONCLUSION;665
22.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;665
22.5.6;REFERENCES;665
23;Part 19: Characterization of Agents;668
23.1;Chapter 90. Biological Response Modifiers Program;670
23.1.1;ABSTRACT;670
23.1.2;INTRODUCTION;670
23.1.3;PROGRAM OBJECTIVES;671
23.1.4;EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM—BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES BRANCH (BRB);672
23.1.5;INTRAMURAL PROGRAM—BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY BRANCH (BRTB);673
23.1.6;PROGRAM PROJECTIONS;673
23.1.7;FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;675
23.1.8;REFERENCES;675
23.2;Chapter 91. in Vivo Functional Characterization of Immunomodulators;676
23.2.1;INTRODUCTION;676
23.2.2;PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE IN VIVO PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IMMUNOMODULATORY COMPOUNDS;677
23.2.3;CONCLUSIONS;682
23.2.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;682
23.2.5;REFERENCES;683
23.3;Chapter 92. Characterization of Agents;684
23.3.1;ABSTRACT;684
23.3.2;KEYWORDS;684
23.3.3;INTRODUCTION;684
23.3.4;IN VITRO ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT;685
23.3.5;IN VIVO ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT;686
23.3.6;REFERENCES;692
23.4;Chapter 93. Characterization of Immunomodulation;694
23.4.1;ABSTRACT;694
23.4.2;KEYWORDS;694
23.4.3;INTRODUCTION;694
23.4.4;IMMUNOLOGY;695
23.4.5;SELF-DEFENSE MECHANISM;696
23.4.6;PHARMACOLOGY;697
23.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;699
23.4.8;REFERENCES;699
23.5;Chapter 94. Perspectives of Drugs obtained by Recombinant DNA Technology;700
23.5.1;ABSTRACT;700
23.5.2;INTRODUCTION;700
23.5.3;PHARMACOLOGICAL PEPTIDES AND VACCINES;701
23.5.4;INTERFERONS;702
23.5.5;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;703
23.5.6;REFERENCES;704
23.6;Chapter 95. Characterization of Immunotherapeutic Agents: an Overview;706
23.6.1;INTRODUCTION;706
23.6.2;IN VITRO APPROACHES;707
23.6.3;IN VIVO STUDIES;709
23.6.4;MOUSE TUMOR MODELS;711
23.6.5;INFECTIOUS DISEASE MODELS;711
23.6.6;NEW STRATEGIES;712
23.6.7;REFERENCES;713
24;Part 20: Cell-Cell Interactions;716
24.1;Chapter 96. Pharmacological and Cellular Interactions in Bone Resorption;718
24.1.1;KEYWORDS;718
24.1.2;INTRODUCTION;718
24.1.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;721
24.1.4;REFERENCES;721
24.2;Chapter 97. Modification of Macrophages and Lymphocytes Functions during Non Specific Acute Inflammation;724
24.2.1;INTRODUCTION;724
24.2.2;RESULTS;725
24.2.3;REFERENCES;731
24.3;Chapter 98. Interaction between Macrophages and Lymphocytes;734
24.3.1;LYMPHOKINES;734
24.3.2;MACROPHAGES AS REGULATORS OF LYMPHOKINE SECRETION;735
24.3.3;REFERENCES;737
24.4;Chapter 99. The Role of Catabolins in Synovia-Chondrocyte Interactions;740
24.4.1;ABSTRACT;740
24.4.2;KEYWORDS;740
24.4.3;REFERENCES;743
24.5;Chapter 100. Osteoclasts and Arthritis;746
24.5.1;ABSTRACT;746
24.5.2;KEY WORDS;746
24.5.3;INTRODUCTION;746
24.5.4;METHODS;747
24.5.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;748
24.5.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;750
24.5.7;REFERENCES;750
24.6;Chapter 101. Lymphocyte Constituents in Inflammation;752
24.6.1;INHIBITION BY AMETHOPTERIN OF ACUTE, NON-IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND REVERSAL BY LYMPHOCYTE CONSTITUENTS;752
24.6.2;SELECTIVE DEPLETION OF LYMPHOCYTES. EFFECT ON THE ACUTE, NON IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE;753
24.6.3;THE EFFECT OF ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE SERA AND OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS;754
24.6.4;THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY LYMPHOCYTE: A SPECIFIC SUBCLASS OF LYMPHOID CELLS?;755
24.6.5;A PRO-INFLAMMATORY PEPTIDE ISOLATED FROM LYMPHOCYTES;756
24.6.6;REFERENCES;757
25;Part 21: Immunomodulation and Suppression;758
25.1;Chapter 102. On the Mode of Action of Immunodepressive Agents;760
25.1.1;ABSTRACT;760
25.1.2;KEYWORDS;760
25.1.3;INTRODUCTION;760
25.1.4;THE SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT IMMUNE CELLS TO IMMUNODEPRESSANTS;761
25.1.5;ORGAN-RELATED HETEROGENEITY WITH IMMUNODEPRESSANTS;762
25.1.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;765
25.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;766
25.1.8;REFERENCES;766
25.2;Chapter 103. Clinical Effects of Immunosuppressive Agents: Targets and Mechanisms;768
25.2.1;ABSTRACT;768
25.2.2;KEYWORDS;768
25.2.3;INTRODUCTION;768
25.2.4;COMMENTS;772
25.2.5;REFERENCES;773
25.3;Chapter 104. New Approaches in Transplantation — Organ Rejection;774
25.3.1;REFERENCES;777
25.4;Chapter 105. Purification and Analysis of Antigen-specific Suppressor Proteins derived from T-Cell;780
25.4.1;ABSTRACT;780
25.4.2;KEYWORDS;780
25.4.3;INTRODUCTION;780
25.4.4;CONCLUSIONS;785
25.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;786
25.4.6;REFERENCES;786
25.5;Chapter 106. Infection and Immunosuppression;788
25.5.1;INFLUENCE OF VIRUSES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE SYSTEM;789
25.5.2;EFFECTS OF BACTERIA AND THEIR PRODUCTS ON IMMUNITY;792
25.5.3;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION;796
25.5.4;REFERENCES;798
25.6;Chapter 107. Aging: a Natural Immunomodulator1;800
25.6.1;INTRODUCTION;800
25.6.2;IMMUNOLOGIC FUNCTIONS VULNERABLE TO AGING;800
25.6.3;MECHANISMS OF AGE-RELATED ALTERATION IN IMMUNE FUNCTIONS;801
25.6.4;CHEMICAL RESTORATION OF THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF THE AGED;803
25.6.5;IV. SUMMARY;805
25.6.6;SELECTED REVIEW REFERENCES;805
26;Part 22: Therapy Communication Sessions;806
26.1;Chapter 108. Monoclonal Antibodies;808
26.1.1;ABSTRACT;809
26.1.2;KEYWORDS;809
26.2;Chapter 109. Glucans I;814
26.3;Chapter 110. Immunopotentiators I;820
26.4;Chapter 111. Immunopotentiators II Imuthiol (Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate), Isoprinosine, NPT 15392, NPT 16416 and LF 1695;824
26.4.1;ABSTRACT;825
26.4.2;KEYWORDS;825
26.4.3;THE ATTRIBUTES OF AN IDEAL IMMUNOPOTENTIATOR;825
26.4.4;IMUTHIOL (SODIUM DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE, DTC);827
26.4.5;ISOPRINOSINE;828
26.4.6;EFFECTS OF ISOPRINOSINE ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VITRO;828
26.4.7;IMMUN0M0DULAT0RY PROPERTIES OF NPT 15392;829
26.4.8;EFFECTS OF LF 1695 ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO;830
26.5;Chapter 112. Control of Leukotriene and Prostaglandin Action;832
26.6;Chapter 113. Peptidoglycans;836
26.7;Chapter 114. Immunotoxicology;848
26.7.1;Genetic Aspects of Immunosuppression;848
26.7.2;Mechanism of Action and Target Cell Specificity of Xenobiotics;848
26.7.3;Immune Ontogenesis;849
26.7.4;Allergy/Pseudoallergy;849
26.7.5;Toxic Effects of Immunopharmacological Agents;849
26.7.6;Introduction;849
26.7.7;Genetic Aspects of Immunosuppression;850
26.7.8;Immune Ontogenesis;850
26.7.9;Mechanism of Action and Target Cell Specificity;851
26.7.10;Allergy and Pseudoallergy;852
26.7.11;Toxicological Effects of Immunopharmacological Agents;852
26.8;Chapter 115. Biological Response Modifiers: Selected Topics;854
26.8.1;ABSTRACT;855
26.8.2;KEYWORDS;855
26.8.3;INTRODUCTION;855
26.8.4;IMMUNOMODULATION BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (CY) AND ITS THERAPEUTIC ROLE;855
26.8.5;IMMUNOMODULATION BY ADRIAMYCIN;856
26.8.6;MACR0PHAGE FUNCTION AND THE TREATMENT OF METASTASIS;856
26.8.7;MODULATING EFFECTS OF TRAXANOX;857
26.8.8;STUDIES WITH AZIMEXON IN CANCER PATIENTS;858
26.8.9;BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FLAV0N0IDS;858
26.8.10;EFFECTS OF DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE;859
26.8.11;CONCLUDING REMARKS: PHARMACOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPTIMAL STUDY OF BRM IN THE CLINICS;859
26.9;Chapter 116. Antiallergy Therapy;860
26.10;Chapter 117. Immunosuppression;868
26.10.1;ABSTRACT;870
26.10.2;KEYWORDS;870
26.11;Chapter 118. Therapy of Infections and Immunodeficiency Diseases;878
26.12;Chapter 119. Lymphokines;882
26.12.1;INTRODUCTION;882
26.12.2;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION;882
27;Author Index;886
28;Subject Index;890