Hanrahan Key Concepts in Environmental Chemistry

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-096170-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 384 Seiten

Key Concepts in Environmental Chemistry provides a modern and concise introduction to environmental chemistry principles and the dynamic nature of environmental systems. It offers an intense, one-semester examination of selected concepts encountered in this field of study and provides integrated tools in explaining complex chemical problems of environmental importance. Principles typically covered in more comprehensive textbooks are well integrated into general chapter topics and application areas. The goal of this textbook is to provide students with a valuable resource for learning the basic concepts of environmental chemistry from an easy to follow, condensed, application and inquiry-based perspective. Additional statistical, sampling, modeling and data analysis concepts and exercises will be introduced for greater understanding of the underlying processes of complex environmental systems and fundamental chemical principles. Each chapter will have problem-oriented exercises (with examples throughout the body of the chapter) that stress the important concepts covered and research applications/case studies from experts in the field. Research applications will be directly tied to theoretical concepts covered in the chapter. Overall, this text provides a condensed and integrated tool for student learning and covers key concepts in the rapidly developing field of environmental chemistry. - Intense, one-semester approach to learning - Application-based approach to learning theoretical concepts - In depth analysis of field-based and in situ analytical techniques - Introduction to environmental modeling

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hanrahan, Grady

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Key Concepts in Environmental Chemistry;2
2;Copyright;3
3;Contents;4
4;Preface to Faculty;10
4.1;Philosophical Approach;10
4.2;Purpose and Organization;10
5;Preface to Students;14
6;Acknowledgments;16
7;About the Author;18
8;Chapter 1 Abstracts and Keywords;20
8.1;Chapter 1 - Introduction to Environmental Chemistry;22
8.1.1;1.1. Overview and Importance of Environmental Chemistry;23
8.1.2;1.2. Ecosystem Considerations;24
8.1.3;1.3. Review of energy and thermodynamic concepts;26
8.1.4;1.4. Review of chemical kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium;27
8.1.5;1.5. Global Water and element Cycles;31
8.1.6;1.6. An introduction to environmental data analysis;46
8.1.7;1.7. End of Chapter Problems;47
8.1.8;1.8 References;49
9;Chapter 2 Abstracts and Keywords;50
9.1;Chapter 2 - Environmental Statistical Analysis and Sampling Considerations;52
9.1.1;2.1. Introduction to Environmental Statistics;53
9.1.2;2.2. Sample Collection;53
9.1.3;2.3. The Distribution and Transformation of Data;57
9.1.4;2.4. Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing;63
9.1.5;2.5. Outlying Results;66
9.1.6;2.6. Analysis of Variance;67
9.1.7;2.7. Graphical data analysis;70
9.1.8;2.8. Multivariate Data Analysis: A brief introduction;76
9.1.9;2.9. End of Chapter Problems;86
9.1.10;2.10 References;89
10;Chapter 3 Abstracts and Keywords;90
10.1;Chapter 3 - Aqueous Chemistry;92
10.1.1;3.1. Chemical Composition and Properties of Water;93
10.1.2;3.2. Acid-Base Phenomena;98
10.1.3;3.3. Oxidation-Reduction in Natural Waters;105
10.1.4;3.4. Dissolution and Precipitation in Aquatic Environments;116
10.1.5;3.5. Adsorption in Aquatic Environments;119
10.1.6;3.6. The Bjerrum Plot: Construction from Excel Spreadsheets;123
10.1.7;3.7. End of Chapter Problems;123
10.1.8;3.8 References;125
11;Chapter 4 Abstracts and Keywords;126
11.1;Chapter 4 - Surface/Groundwater Quality and Monitoring;128
11.1.1;4.1. Surface and Groundwater Relationships;128
11.1.2;4.2. Water Quality Units and Concentration Considerations;134
11.1.3;4.3. Water Quality Parameters and Criteria Guidelines;139
11.1.4;4.4. Physico-Chemical Water Quality Indicators;152
11.1.5;4.5. Developmental Toxicants;156
11.1.6;4.6. Biological Assessements;157
11.1.7;4.7. Water Quality Monitoring;159
11.1.8;4.8. Introduction to Environmental Modeling: a Water Quality Perspective;166
11.1.9;4.9. End of Chapter Problems;168
11.1.10;4.10 References;169
12;Chapter 5 Abstracts and Keywords;172
12.1;Chapter 5 - Water Treatment and Related Technologies;174
12.1.1;5.1. Municipal Wastewater Treatment;175
12.1.2;5.2. The Treatment of Municipal Sewage and Water;175
12.1.3;5.3. Disinfection;183
12.1.4;5.4. Use and Disposal of Biosolids;187
12.1.5;5.5. Point-of-entry and Point-of-use Technologies;189
12.1.6;5.6. End of Chapter Problems;193
12.1.7;5.7. References;195
13;Chapter 6 Abstracts and Keywords;196
13.1;Chapter 6 - The Atmosphere and Associated Processes;198
13.1.1;6.1. Introduction;199
13.1.2;6.2. The Layers of the Atmosphere;199
13.1.3;6.3. Atmospheric Radiation and Photochemical Reactions;201
13.1.4;6.4. Pressure and Temperature Considerations;207
13.1.5;6.5. Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions;209
13.1.6;6.6. Transport, Transformation, and Deposition Processes: A brief Introduction;214
13.1.7;6.7. Global Climate Change: a Primer;224
13.1.8;6.8. End of Chapter Problems;226
13.1.9;6.9. References;228
14;Chapter 7 Abstracts and Keywords;232
14.1;Chapter 7 - Air Pollutants and Associated Chemical and Photochemical Processes;234
14.1.1;7.1. Introduction;235
14.1.2;7.2. Ambient Particulate Matter: Primary and Secondary Contributions and Formation;239
14.1.3;7.3. Photochemical Mechanism of Ozone (O3) Formation: The Role of VOCs and NOx;242
14.1.4;7.4. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Formation and NOX Transport;247
14.1.5;7.5. photochemical smog: formation Conditions and health effects;248
14.1.6;7.6. Aldehydes in the Atmosphere;250
14.1.7;7.7. Heterogeneous Atmospheric Reactions;252
14.1.8;7.8. Example Predictive Atmospheric Models;256
14.1.9;7.9. End of Chapter Problems;258
14.1.10;7.10. References;260
15;Chapter 8 Abstracts and Keywords;262
15.1;Chapter 8 - Soil Chemistry;264
15.1.1;8.1. Introduction to Soil Chemistry;265
15.1.2;8.2. Soil Formation, Composition, and Structure;265
15.1.3;8.3. Soil Organic Matter and Biochemical Aspects;268
15.1.4;8.4. Sorption of Metals and Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in soils;270
15.1.5;8.5. Pesticide Adsorption in Soils;276
15.1.6;8.6. Acid and Base Characteristics;278
15.1.7;8.7. End of Chapter Questions;279
15.1.8;8.8 References;280
16;Chapter 9 Abstracts and Keywords;282
16.1;Chapter 9 - Environmental Toxicology and Hazardous Waste Characterization;284
16.1.1;9.1. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology;284
16.1.2;9.2. Evaluating Exposure Pathways and Mechanisms of Action;287
16.1.3;9.3. Hazardous Waste Identification, Characterization, and Minimization;299
16.1.4;9.4. Risk Assessment;304
16.1.5;9.5. End of Chapter Problems;309
16.1.6;9.6 References;311
17;Chapter 10 Abstracts and Keywords;314
17.1;Chapter 10 - Green Chemistry and Sustainable Chemical Processes;316
17.1.1;10.1. Principles of Green Chemistry;317
17.1.2;10.2. Life of the Manufactured Chemical Product;321
17.1.3;10.3. Sustainable Chemical and Related Processes;326
17.1.4;10.4. Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization;332
17.1.5;10.5. Sustainable Materials and Application Areas;333
17.1.6;10.6. End of Chapter Problems;336
17.1.7;10.7 References;337
18;Appendix I - Common Excel Shortcuts and Key Combinations;340
19;Appendix II - Values of Student’s t at the Various Confidence Levels;342
20;Appendix III - Critical Values of F for a One-Tailed Test with p = 0.05;344
21;Appendix IV - Critical Values of F for a Two-Tailed Test with p = 0.05;346
22;Appendix V - Common Matrix Notation and Calculations;348
23;Index;352