Heath / Alexander / Bacq Organophosphorus Poisons

Anticholinesterases and Related Compounds
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2180-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 412 Seiten, Web PDF

Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences, Volume 13: Organophosphorus Poisons: Anticholinesterases and Related Compounds covers the reactions, toxic action, activation, methods of preparation, and pharmacology of pentacovalent phosphorus compounds. This book is composed of four parts encompassing 17 chapters. The first part highlights the chemical aspects of organophosphorus poisons. This part specifically surveys their nomenclature, electronic theory, methods of preparation and purification, and hydrolytic and related reactions. The second part deals with the biochemical aspects of the compounds. Topics covered in this aspect include enzyme inhibition activity and metabolism in insects, mammals, plants, and soil. The third and fourth parts focus on the pharmacological aspects of organophosphorus poisons in mammals and insects. These parts emphasize some aspects of nerve function, of how nerve function is influenced by various drugs, and the main experimental set-ups used in studying the pharmacology of phosphorus compounds. A chapter on the therapeutic methods, symptoms, and diagnosis of their bad and abnormal effects in man is also provided. This book is of value to pharmacologists, biochemists, physical chemists, and toxicologists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Heath, D. F.

Alexander, P.

Bacq, Z. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Organophosphorus Poisons: Anticholinesterases and Related Compounds;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Foreword;6
5;Table of Contents;8
6;Introductory Chapter;10
6.1;COMPOUNDS;10
6.2;REACTIONS;11
6.3;RATES OF REACTION;12
6.4;THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXIC ACTION;14
6.5;ACTIVATION;15
6.6;METHODS OF PREPARATION;15
6.7;PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PURITY;15
6.8;REACTIONS WITH ESTERASES IN VITRO;16
6.9;REACTIONS IN VIVO;19
6.10;PHARMACOLOGY;20
7;PART I: CHEMISTRY;24
7.1;CHAPTER I. Types of Compound, Nomenclature and Electronic Theory;26
7.1.1;REFERENCES;37
7.2;CHAPTER II. Methods of Preparation;38
7.2.1;A. Substitutions into Pentacovalent Phosphorus Compounds;38
7.2.2;B. Additions of Phosphates and Phosphorodithioates to Unsaturated Compounds;46
7.2.3;C. Additions of Compounds of the Type (RO)2P(O or S) . S .X to Olefins;49
7.2.4;D. Substitutions into Dialkyl Hydrogen Phosphonates;49
7.2.5;E. Addition to Dialkyl Hydrogen Phosphonates;51
7.2.6;F. Substitutions into Trialkyl Phosphites;51
7.2.7;G. Oxidation of Phosphate Esters;55
7.2.8;H. Quaternization Reactions;55
7.2.9;I. Isomerization Reactions;56
7.2.10;J. Dehydrochlorination of 2-Chloro-1-hydroxyalkylphosphonates and Similar Reactions;56
7.2.11;K. Miscellaneous Reactions;57
7.2.12;REFERENCES;58
7.3;CHAPTER III. Chemical Reactions and Methods of Purification;62
7.3.1;REACTIONS;62
7.3.2;METHODS OF PURIFICATION;74
7.3.3;REFERENCES;79
7.4;CHAPTER IV. Hydrolytic and Related Reactions;81
7.4.1;HYDROLYSIS BY ACIDS, BASES AND WATER;82
7.4.2;HYDROXYLAMINE DERIVATIVES AND HYDROLYSIS;97
7.4.3;REACTIONS WITH OTHER ABNORMALLY ACTIVE ANIONS;101
7.4.4;REACTIONS WITH WEAKLY BASIC ANIONS;103
7.4.5;HYDROLYSIS BY SOME METALLIC COMPOUNDS;103
7.4.6;MISCELLANEOUS REACTIONS IN WATER;105
7.4.7;SOLVENT EFFECTS;105
7.4.8;REFERENCES;107
8;PART II: BIOCHEMISTRY;110
8.1;CHAPTER V. Some Enzymes;112
8.1.1;CHOLINESTERASES;112
8.1.2;A-ESTERASES AND OTHERS;122
8.1.3;REFERENCES;123
8.2;CHAPTER VI. The Inhibition of Enzymes by Phosphorus Compounds in vitro;125
8.2.1;THE NATURE OF THE INHIBITORY ACTION;125
8.2.2;MEASURES OF ANTI-ENZYME ACTIVITY;150
8.2.3;EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE ON ANTI-ENZYME ACTIVITY;152
8.2.4;THE NATURE OF THE INHIBITED SITE;163
8.2.5;REFERENCES;170
8.3;CHAPTER VII. Metabolism of Phosphorus Compounds in vitro;173
8.3.1;HYDROLYTIC REACTIONS;173
8.3.2;OXIDATIVE REACTIONS;179
8.3.3;REDUCTIVE REACTIONS;183
8.3.4;REFERENCES;183
8.4;CHAPTER VIII. Inhibition of Enzymes in vivo;186
8.4.1;INHIBITION OF ENZYMES IN MAMMALS CHOLINESTERASES;186
8.4.2;ENZYMES OTHER THAN GHE'S;214
8.4.3;INHIBITION OF ENZYMES IN NON-MAMMALIAN SPECIES;216
8.4.4;REFERENCES;222
8.5;CHAPTER IX. Metabolism in Insects and Mammals;227
8.5.1;HYDROLYTIC REACTIONS;227
8.5.2;OXIDATION REACTIONS;234
8.5.3;REDUCTIVE REACTIONS;246
8.5.4;BALANCE OF OXIDATIVE AND HYDROLYTIC REACTIONS;246
8.5.5;REFERENCES;249
8.6;CHAPTER X. Metabolism in Plants and Soil;252
8.6.1;PLANTS;252
8.6.2;SOIL;265
8.6.3;GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION;265
8.6.4;REFERENCES;265
9;PART III: PHARMACOLOGY IN MAMMALS;268
9.1;CHAPTER XI. Introductory Chapter;270
9.1.1;ELEGTROPHYSIOLOGY;271
9.1.2;THE FUNCTION OF ACH AND AGHE;274
9.1.3;PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS;278
9.1.4;DRUG ACTION;280
9.1.5;ADAPTATION PHENOMENA;288
9.1.6;REFERENCES;289
9.2;CHAPTER XII. Effects on Isolated Organs in vitro;292
9.2.1;VOLUNTARY MUSCLES;294
9.2.2;GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT;312
9.2.3;HEART;313
9.2.4;OTHER PREPARATIONS;313
9.2.5;SUMMARY AND EXTENSION;314
9.2.6;REFERENCES;314
9.3;CHAPTER XIII. Effects on Partly Isolated Organs in vivo;316
9.3.1;VOLUNTARY MUSCLE;316
9.3.2;EYES;320
9.3.3;SALIVARY GLANDS;321
9.3.4;GANGLIA;322
9.3.5;THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM;323
9.3.6;REFERENCES;331
9.4;CHAPTER XIV. Effects on Mammals;333
9.4.1;SIGNS OF POISONING;333
9.4.2;DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUNDS;347
9.4.3;DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANIMALS;348
9.4.4;SUMMARY;350
9.4.5;REFERENCES;350
9.5;CHAPTER XV. Therapeutic Methods; and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Therapy in Man;353
9.5.1;THERAPEUTIC METHODS;353
9.5.2;SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY IN MAN;357
9.5.3;REFERENCES;362
9.6;CHAPTER XVI. Abnormal Effects;365
9.6.1;PARALYTIC EFFECTS;365
9.6.2;NARCOTIC EFFECTS;371
9.6.3;REFERENCES;373
10;PART IV: PHARMACOLOGY IN INSECTS;374
10.1;CHAPTER XVII. Pharmacology in Insects;376
10.1.1;NERVE FUNCTION;376
10.1.2;ELEGTROPHYSIOLOGY;378
10.1.3;THE ACh THEORY OF SYNAPTIC TRANMISSION;379
10.1.4;THE ACTION OF PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS;382
10.1.5;REFERENCES;385
11;APPENDIX: Theory of Reaction Rates in Solution;390
11.1;GLOSSARY;400
11.1.1;SECTION I;401
11.1.2;SECTION II Other Common Names;404
11.1.3;SECTION III cross Index of Systematic and Common Names;405
11.1.4;SECTION IV Some Other Names in the Literature;407
12;Subject Index;408
13;Formula Index;431