E-Book, Englisch, Band 15, 334 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
Reihe: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies
5th & 6th Luxembourg Workshops on Space and Satellite Communication Law
E-Book, Englisch, Band 15, 334 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
Reihe: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies
ISBN: 978-3-8452-9025-6
Verlag: Nomos
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Neben Fortschritten bei der Erforschung des Weltraums, wurden insbesondere innovative Nutzungsarten des Alls diskutiert – und welche rechtlichen Auswirkungen hieraus entstehen.
In Zusammenhang mit der vermehrten Nutzung der Weltraumtechnik, wurden die Innovationsprozesse auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent diskutiert. Der wachsende Bedarf an Weltraumdiensten, mobiler Satellitenkommunikation, Internetzugang, Katastrophenmanagement und Navigation verlangt ebenfalls nach rechtlichen Regelungen.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Weltraumforschung
- Naturwissenschaften Astronomie Raumfahrt
- Technische Wissenschaften Verkehrstechnik | Transportgewerbe Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Luftverkehr
- Rechtswissenschaften Internationales Recht und Europarecht Internationales Recht Internationales See-, Luft- und Weltraumrecht
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2; I. General Issues;9
2.1; Innovation in Outer Space: International and African Legal Perspectives – Lessons Learned;11
2.2; Reaction of International Law to Technical Developments;19
2.2.1; Abstract;19
2.2.2; I. Introduction;19
2.2.3; II. The law of the sea;20
2.2.4; III. The law of the air;23
2.2.5; IV. Telecommunications;26
2.2.6; V. Space law;28
2.2.7; VI. Conclusion;28
2.3; Innovating the Law: Fifty Years of the Outer Space Treaty;31
2.3.1; Abstract;31
2.3.2; I. Introduction;31
2.3.3; II. Constitutions;33
2.3.4; III. Innovation;40
2.3.5; IV. Futures;46
2.3.6; V. Conclusion;51
2.4; WRC’s Challenge to Meet Technology Development;53
2.4.1; Abstract;53
2.4.2; I. Introduction;53
2.4.3; II. Mechanisms to update the Radio Regulations;54
2.4.4; III. Past successful updates;56
2.4.5; IV. Analyses of the successes;57
2.4.5.1; 1. Maintain a harmful interference free environment;58
2.4.5.2; 2. Facilitate the introduction of new technologies and applications, which increase quality of life;58
2.4.5.3; 3. Increase efficient use of spectrum and orbital resources;58
2.4.5.4; 4. Facilitate equitable access to spectrum and orbital resources;59
2.4.5.5; 5. Maintain stability of regulatory environment;59
2.4.5.6; 6. Achieve simple and universal rules;59
2.4.5.7; 7. Accommodate different needs of the regions and countries where necessary;60
2.4.6; V. The recent examples (WRC-15);60
2.4.6.1; 1. Example 1: Earth exploration-satellite service EESS (active) in 8-9 GHz;60
2.4.6.2; 2. Example 2: Satellite regulatory procedures;62
2.4.7; VI. Conclusions;62
2.5; Global Space Governance for Space Sustainability;65
2.5.1; Abstract;65
2.5.2; I. Introduction;65
2.5.3; II. Global Space Governance concept;67
2.5.4; III. Space sustainability and environmental governance;70
2.5.4.1; 1. Institutional dimension;71
2.5.4.2; 2. Legal dimension;73
2.5.4.2.1; 2.1 Outer Space Treaty;74
2.5.4.2.2; 2.2 Registration Convention;74
2.5.4.2.3; 2.3 Liability Convention;76
2.5.4.2.4; 2.4 The “nuclear power sources” principles and safety framework for nuclear power source applications in outer space;77
2.5.4.2.5; 2.5 IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines;78
2.5.4.2.6; 2.6 UNCOPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines;79
2.5.4.2.7; 2.7 Draft International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities;80
2.5.4.2.8; 2.8 UN COPUOS Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities;81
2.5.4.2.9; 2.9 GGE Report on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities;82
2.5.5; IV. Synergy between space situational awareness and space traffic management;83
2.5.5.1; 1. Space Situational Awareness;84
2.5.5.2; 2. Space Traffic Management;85
2.5.6; V. Concluding remarks;87
3; II. Innovating On-Orbit: The Case of Non-GSO Constellations;91
3.1; The Development of a New Space Economy and of Mega-Constellations;93
3.1.1; Abstract;93
3.1.2; I. Paradigm shifts and the rise of the US NewSpace economy;93
3.1.3; II. Towards a European innovation-based space entrepreneurship ecosystem;97
3.1.4; III. The public engagement in space;98
3.1.5; IV. Segmentation of the space economy – the space value chain;99
3.1.6; V. Measuring the space economy;100
3.1.6.1; 1. Worldwide space activity;100
3.1.6.2; 2. Employment creation;101
3.1.7; VI. Mega-constellations and the sustainable uses of space and spectrum;105
3.1.7.1; 1. Sustainability;106
3.1.7.2; 2. Spacecraft reliability;107
3.1.8; VII. Space situational awareness;107
3.1.9; VIII. Automation;109
3.1.10; IX. Sustainable use of the spectrum;109
3.1.11; X. Conclusion;111
3.2; Non-GSO Constellations: Overview;113
3.2.1; Abstract;113
3.2.2; I. Introduction;113
3.2.3; II. Two types of non-GSOs raise new legal patterns;114
3.2.4; III. Legal issues;116
3.2.4.1; 1. Legal issue 1: Orbital use;116
3.2.4.2; 2. Legal issue 2: Space debris;117
3.2.4.3; 3. Legal issue 3: Radio spectrum;118
3.2.5; IV. The legal community is responding;118
3.3; Registration of Non-GSO Constellations;121
3.3.1; Abstract;121
3.3.2; I. Legal instruments regulating the registration of space objects;121
3.3.3; II. What is a non-GSO constellation?;124
3.3.4; III. A non-GSO constellation from the viewpoint of international space law;125
3.3.5; IV. Registration of satellites within a non-GSO constellation;128
3.3.6; V. Submission of registration information;131
3.3.7; VI. Conclusion;133
3.4; Environmental Law Aspects;137
3.4.1; Abstract;137
3.4.2; I. Introduction;137
3.4.3; II. The pollution of the space environment: The issue of space debris;138
3.4.4; III. The legal framework applicable to space debris;140
3.4.4.1; 1. Applicability of the space treaties to space debris;140
3.4.4.2; 2. International initiatives to mitigate the generation of space debris;142
3.4.4.3; 3. Domestic requirements to mitigate the generation of space debris;143
3.4.5; IV. Mega-constellations of small satellites: characteristics and legal issues;144
3.4.5.1; 1. Introductory remarks;144
3.4.5.2; 2. The impact of small satellites on national space laws;145
3.4.5.3; 3. Mega-constellations of satellites: challenges to space law;147
3.4.6; V. Conclusion;151
4; III. Legal Aspects of Innovative Space-Based Solutions;153
4.1; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Use of Satellite Services and (Space) Law;155
4.1.1; Abstract;155
4.1.2; I. Introduction: UAVs and space law?;155
4.1.3; II. Space law or air law – The ‘functionalist’ approach;156
4.1.4; III. Space law or air law – The ‘spatialist’ approach;159
4.1.5; IV. Space law and UAVs – The involvement of satellites;163
4.1.6; V. Space law as a model for UAV legislation and regulation;167
4.1.7; VI. Conclusion;169
4.2; New Legal Issues in Earth Observation Data and Services;171
4.2.1; Abstract;171
4.2.2; I. Introduction;171
4.2.3; II. E-Commerce, consumer rights, and e-privacy;173
4.2.4; III. Cloud computing;175
4.2.5; IV. Open Source Software;176
4.2.6; V. Liability for third party content and hyperlinks;177
4.2.7; VI. Data policies, copyright and licenses;179
4.2.8; VII. Personal data protection;181
4.2.9; VIII. Standardization and interoperability;183
4.2.10; IX. Warranty and liability;184
4.2.11; X. Conclusions;185
4.3; Galileo Programme – New Legal Developments;187
4.3.1; Abstract;187
4.3.2; I. Introduction;187
4.3.3; II. System level;189
4.3.3.1; 1. Galileo – A spending programme of the European Union;189
4.3.3.2; 2. The governance of the Galileo Programme;191
4.3.3.3; 3. Framing the Transition to the Exploitation Phase;193
4.3.4; III. Downstream level;193
4.3.4.1; 1. Regulatory measures for Galileo;194
4.3.4.2; 2. Proactive IPR management;195
4.3.4.3; 3. Research and development;195
4.3.4.4; 4. International relations;196
4.3.5; IV. Conclusions;197
4.4; Space Resources: Regulatory Aspects;199
4.4.1; Abstract;199
4.4.2; I. Space resources activities as innovative uses of outer space;199
4.4.3; II. International law;201
4.4.3.1; 1. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty;202
4.4.3.2; 2. National legislation;203
4.4.4; III. National legislation of the USA and Luxembourg;206
4.4.4.1; 1. U.S. legislation;207
4.4.4.2; 2. The legislation of Luxembourg;209
4.4.5; IV. Conclusion;212
5; IV. Innovation for All Humankind: The Case of Africa in Outer Space;215
5.1; Africa and Common Interests in Outer Space;217
5.1.1; Abstract;217
5.1.2; I. Introduction;217
5.1.3; II. Common interests and outer space activities;219
5.1.4; III. Challenges;223
5.1.5; IV. Concluding remarks;227
5.2; Space and Telecommunications Activities in Africa: Organisational, Legal and Regulatory Aspects;231
5.2.1; Abstract;231
5.2.2; I. Introduction;231
5.2.3; II. Space and telecommunications programmes in Africa;233
5.2.3.1; 1. Space and telecommunications activities of Nigeria;233
5.2.3.1.1; a) National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA);233
5.2.3.1.2; b) Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC);235
5.2.3.1.3; c) The Nigerian Communications Satellite (NigComSat) Limited;236
5.2.3.2; 2. Space and telecommunications activities of South Africa;237
5.2.3.3; 3. Space and telecommunications activities of Algeria;239
5.2.3.4; 4. Space and telecommunications activities in other African countries;241
5.2.3.5; 5. African Telecommunications Union (ATU);244
5.2.3.6; 6. Regional African Satellite Communications Organisation (RASCOM);245
5.2.4; III. Policy and legal framework of telecommunications activities in Africa;245
5.2.4.1; 1. United Nations Space Treaties and ITU Radio Regulations;245
5.2.4.2; 2. Status of International Agreements relating to activities in outer space (OST and ITU) as at 1 January 2017;246
5.2.4.3; 3. African space policy and strategy;247
5.2.4.3.1; a) African space policy goals;248
5.2.4.3.2; b) Objectives and principles;249
5.2.4.4; IV. Human capital development for space and telecommunications activities in Africa;249
5.2.4.5; 1. About ARCSSTE-E;251
5.2.4.6; 2. Activities of ARCSSTE-E;252
5.2.4.6.1; a) Postgraduate programmes;252
5.2.4.6.2; b) Space education outreach programmes;253
5.2.4.6.3; c) Research programmes;254
5.2.5; V. Conclusion;254
5.3; Realizing a Regional African Space Program;257
5.3.1; Abstract;257
5.3.2; I. Introduction;257
5.3.3; II. Collaborative regional activities;259
5.3.3.1; III. Assessing the potential of the African Space Policy;262
5.3.4; IV. Is regulation at the regional level better?;266
5.3.4.1; 1. Lessons learned from international cooperation agreements;268
5.3.5; V. Towards an African Space Agency;269
5.3.6; VI. Conclusion;271
5.4; UNISPACE+50 from the Perspective of Regional Cooperation;273
5.4.1; Abstract;273
5.4.2; I. Introduction;273
5.4.3; II. UNISPACE+50;273
5.4.4; III. UNISPACE+50 thematic priority 1: Future global partnership in space exploration;274
5.4.5; IV. Space-related global governance and space law related issues;276
5.4.6; V. Development cooperation;276
5.4.7; V. Conclusion;277
5.5; ATU Role in Coordination of Radio Communications in Africa;279
5.5.1; Abstract;279
5.5.2; I. Introduction;279
5.5.3; II. Legal aspects;283
5.5.4; III. Focus areas;284
5.5.5; IV. Operational/administrative aspects;285
5.5.6; V. Notable outcomes;286
5.5.6.1; 1. Protection of the C-band spectrum for satellite services;286
5.5.6.2; 2. Harmonised framework for ESIMs;286
5.5.6.3; 3. Protection of the 28GHz band for satellite services;287
5.5.6.4; 4. Other successes;288
5.5.7; VI. Conclusion;288
5.6; African Telecommunications Union in the Perspective of the Recent Developments;291
5.6.1; Abstract;291
5.6.2; I. Introduction;291
5.6.3; II. Genesis and structure of ATU;292
5.6.4; III. African Telecommunications Union core program and objectives;293
5.6.5; IV. ATU strategic linkages;294
5.6.5.1; 1. Partnership ATU-ITU;295
5.6.5.2; 2. Partnership ATU – NEPAD;296
5.6.6; V. ATU’s activities and challenges;296
5.6.7; VI. Recent developments of ATU in the perspective of ICT in Africa;297
5.6.7.1; 1. Innovation and Talent Development;297
5.6.7.2; 2. Infrastructure development;298
5.6.7.3; 3. Spectrum area;299
5.6.7.4; 4. Internet;299
5.6.7.5; 5. Policy making;300
5.6.8; VII. Conclusion;301
5.7; Space Activities and Space Law Situation in Africa: Case of Morocco;303
5.7.1; Abstract;303
5.7.2; I. Space law and space activities in Africa;303
5.7.2.1; 1. UN COPUOS and the involvement of African countries;304
5.7.2.2; 2. Legal Subcommittee and African participation rate;304
5.7.2.3; 3. The situation of space law in Africa;305
5.7.2.4; 4. The five treaties and African ratifications;306
5.7.2.5; 5. Remote sensing in Africa;307
5.7.3; II. Space activities and space law in Morocco;308
5.7.3.1; 1. Space Activities in Morocco;308
5.7.3.2; 2. CRTS;308
5.7.3.3; 3. Space law situation in Morocco;310
5.7.4; III. Conclusion;311
5.8; The Nigerian Space Legislation;313
5.8.1; Abstract;313
5.8.2; I. Introduction;313
5.8.3; II. The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) Act 2010;315
5.8.4; III. Allied enactments;316
5.8.5; IV. Developments;319
5.8.5.1; 1. Launch activities;319
5.8.5.2; 2. Corporate entities;320
5.8.5.2.1; 2.1 NIGCOMSAT limited;320
5.8.5.2.2; 2.2 GeoApps plus limited;320
5.8.5.2.3; 2.3 Remote Sensing Consult LTD;320
5.8.6; 3. NASRDA Centre of Excellence;321
5.8.6.1; 4. International cooperation;322
5.8.7; V. Conclusion;324
6; List of Authors;327
