Hofmann / Schlabbach / Just Reactive Power Compensation

A Practical Guide
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-119-96778-1
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 304 Seiten, E-Book

The comprehensive resource on reactive power compensation,presenting the design, application and operation of reactive powerequipment and installations
The area of reactive power compensation is gaining increasingimportance worldwide. If suitably designed, it is capable ofimproving voltage quality significantly, meaning that losses inequipment and power systems are reduced, the permissible loading ofequipment can be increased, and the over-all stability of systemoperation improved. Ultimately, energy use and CO2emisson are reduced.
This unique guide discusses the effects of reactive power ongeneration, transmission and distribution, and looks at thecompensation of existing installations in detail. It outlinesmethods for determination of reactive power and answers thequestions that arise when controlling it, for example, at paralleloperation with generators. There is also a chapter devoted toinstallation, maintenance and disturbances.
Key features include:
* A concise overview as well as deep specific knowledge on thesegment power factor regulation and network quality
* Theory of reactive power compensation coupled with typicalapplication examples such as car manufacturing, metal rolling andchemical works
* Chapter summaries with charts explaining how to put the theoryinto practice
* Coverage on the cost-saving aspects of this technology,including the efficient use of energy and the reduction ofCO2
A practical guide for electrical engineers and technicians inutilities, this is also essential reading for maintenanceengineers, designers, electrical contractors, manufacturingcompanies, and researchers, also those in industry and planningagencies. Insightful and clear, the book will also appeal to seniorundergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students andprofessors.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hofmann, Wolfgang

Schlabbach, Juergen

Schlabbach, Jürgen

Just, Wolfgang

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Introduction
Transmission and Utilisation of electrical Energy
Definition of reactive Power and Power Factor
2 Reactive Power Consumers and reactive Power
Consumers in serial Connection
Consumers in parallel Connection
Mixed Connection
Reactive Power of electrical Installations
3 Effects of reactive Power on Generation, Transmission and Distribution
Currents of Generators and Lines
Losses
Generators
Voltage drop
Available Power of Transformers
4 Reactive Power in Energy Contracts
Contractual Regulations of reactive Energy
Contractual Regulations of reactive Power
5 Methods for Determination of reactive Power and Power Factor
6 Improvement of Power Factor
Basics of reactive power compensation
Optimisation of reactive Power by selection of Motors and Load Profile
Compensation by Generators
Compensation by Capacitors
7 Design, Arrangement and Power of Capacitors
Capacitors with Paper Dielectric
Metal-paper Dielectric
Synthetic-film Dielectric
Arrangement and Power of Capacitors
8 Determination of required Power of Capacitors
Basics of Calculation
Calculation for new Installations
9 Types of reactive Power Compensation
Single-type Compensation
Bulk-type Compensation
Central-type Compensation
Mixed Compensation
Advantages and Disadvantages
10 Compensation of existing Installations
11 Control of reactive Power
Controlgear and Control-equipment
Step number and related Power
C/k-value
Reverse Control Scheme (cos j)
Atomatic reactive Power Control
Zero-voltage switching
Reactive Power Control with mixed measuring
Reactive Power Control with multiple infeed
Measuring by Current Transformers
Parallel Operation with multiple infeed
12 Discharging Devices for Capacitors
Discharging Devices for LV-Capacitors
Discharging Devices for MV-Capacitors
13 Protection of Capacitors
Overcurrent and short-circuit Protetction
Overvoltage Protection
Protection against Temperature rise
Unbalance Protection
Protection against internal Faults
14 Switching of Capacitors
Selection of Switchgear
Switching by Semiconductors
Thyristor Switching
Reactive Power Control and Thyristor Control
Dynamic reactive Power Control
SVC
15 Installation, Maintenance and Disturbances
16 Reactive Power Compensation at Plants with Generators
General
4-quadrant Operation
Technical Considerations
Bargaining Considerations
17 Effects Perturbations with Influence of Capacitors in Networks with Harmonics
Network Perturbation and improved Network Quality
Measuring and Analysis
18 Resonances in Power Systems
Affects of Capacitors on the Network with Harmonics
19 Reactor protected Capacitors and Filter Circuits
Effects of Reactor-protected Systems and System Configuration
Reactive Reactors
Design of Reactor-protected Systems
Notes of Selection of Reactors
Filter Circuits
Design of Filter Circuits
Active Filter
Passive Filter
Comparison of active and passive Filter
Neutral Conductor Compensation
20Improvement of Power Quality
Dynamic Compensation System
21 Compensation at Power Converters
Compensation bank operating in parallel with a six-pulse bridge-connected Converter
Power Capacitors in parallel Operation with non-linear loads
Characterisitic Behaviour of reactive Power Controllers at Converters
22 Environmental and Climate Protection using Capacitors
PCB-filled Capacitors
Climate Change and Energy Efficiency through Power Factor Correction