Honig Thermodynamics

Principles Characterizing Physical and Chemical Processes
3. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-08-052534-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 468 Seiten

Thermodynamics is a self-contained analysis of physical and chemical processes, based on classical thermodynamic principles. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental principles, with a conbination of theory and practice, and demonstrating their application to a variety of disciplines.
Included in this work are new approaches to irreversible processes, electromagnetic effects, adsorption phenomena, self-assembly, the origin of phase diagrams, critical phenomena, and Carathéodory's treatment of the second law. This book will appeal to graduate students and professional chemists and physicists who wish to acquire a more sophisticated overview of thermodynamics and related subject matter.
· Easy-to-understand style appeals to both chemists and physicists
· Discusses treatment of electromagnetic phenomena and adsorption of surface gases surfaces
· Extensively revised to cater for advanced courses in thermodynamics

Prof. Honig received a BS degree from Amherst College in 1945 and a PhD degree from the University of Minnesota in 1952. After a postdoctoral appointment year at the James Forrestal Center of Princeton University in 1953, he joined the Department of Chemistry at Purdue University in 1953, and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1958. From 1959-1967, Prof. Honig was Associate Group leader and Group leader at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, MA. He returned as Professor of Chemistry to Purdue University in 1967 and retired from that position in 2000. During the latter years, he was Editor of the Journal of Solid State Chemistry (1982-2000), the Chairman of the Materials Sciences Council (1968-1982), and published over 420 refereed publications and five books.
Prof. Honig has earned an honorary degree from the University of Science and Technology (2009, Krakow, Poland; fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences; Wetherill medal (1995); Editor, Journal of Solid State Chemistry (1982- 2000); Honorary Member, Materials Research Society of India; two issues of the Journal of Solid State Chemistry (1990 and 2000) and an issue of Solid State Sciences (2000) dedicated to him; and a session at a Materials Research Society meeting (2000) held in honor of his retirement.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Honig, Jurgen M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Thermodynamics;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Preface;6
5;Preface to the Second Edition;8
6;Preface to the First Edition;10
7;Contents;12
8;Chapter 1. Fundamentals;18
8.1;1.0 Introductory Remarks;18
8.2;1.1 Introductory Definitions;19
8.3;1.2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics;22
8.4;1.3 Mathematical Apparatus;26
8.5;1.4 Thermodynamic Forces;35
8.6;1.5 Elements of Work;36
8.7;1.6 The Element of Work for a System Subjected to Electromagnetic Fields;46
8.8;1.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics;48
8.9;1.8 The First Law of Thermodynamics as a Parable;54
8.10;1.9 The Second Law of Thermodynamics;55
8.11;1.10 Cyclic processes in relation to reversibility and irreversibility;59
8.12;1.11 An Entropy Analogy;64
8.13;1.12 Constraints, Equilibrium, Functions of State;65
8.14;1.13 Systematics of Thermodynamic Functions of State;75
8.15;1.14 Interrelations Involving Heat Capacities;90
8.16;1.15 The Joule-Thomson Experiment;92
8.17;1.16 Heat Measurements and Calorimetry;97
8.18;1.17 Determination of Enthalpies and Entropies of Materials;99
8.19;1.18 The Third Law of Thermodynamics;103
8.20;1.19 The Gibbs-Duhem Relation and Its Analogs;105
8.21;1.20 Thermodynamics of Open Systems;110
8.22;1.21 Effect of Chemical Changes on Composition;120
8.23;1.22 Legendre Transforms and Stability of a System;123
9;Chapter 2. Equilibrium in Ideal Systems;128
9.1;2.0 Thermodynamics of Ideal Systems with Several Components and Phases;128
9.2;2.1 Coexistence of Phases: The Gibbs Phase Rule;128
9.3;2.2 Achievement of Equilibrium;131
9.4;2.3 System of one component and several phases;137
9.5;2.4 Properties of Ideal Gases;143
9.6;2.5 Properties of Ideal Solutions in Condensed Phases;147
9.7;2.6 The Duhem-Margules Equation and its Consequences;153
9.8;2.7 Temperature Dependence of Composition of Solutions;155
9.9;2.8 Lowering of the freezing point and elevation of the boiling point;156
9.10;2.9 Chemical Equilibrium: General Principles and Application to Ideal Gases;160
9.11;2.10 Chemical Equilibrium in Homogeneous Condensed Ideal Solutions;167
9.12;2.11 Chemical Equilibrium in Ideal Heterogeneous Systems;170
9.13;2.12 Equilibrium Between Two Ideal Phases;173
9.14;2.13 Chemical Irreversibility in Chemical Reactions; The Affinity;173
10;Chapter 3. Characterization of Nonideal Solutions;176
10.1;3.0 Introductory Remarks;176
10.2;3.1 Thermodynamic Treatment of Nonideal Gas Mixtures;176
10.3;3.2 Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Fugacity of a Gas;179
10.4;3.3 Thermodynamic Description of Real Solutions in the Condensed State;180
10.5;3.4 Characterization of Nonideal Solutions; Preliminaries;182
10.6;3.5 Standardization of Thermodynamic Analysis for Nonideal Solutions;187
10.7;3.6 Reformulation of the Thermodynamic Description of Nonideal Solutions;193
10.8;3.7 Characterization of Equilibrium in Nonideal Solutions;195
10.9;3.8 Variation of Activity, Activity Coefficients with Temperature and Presssure;205
10.10;3.9 Calorimetric Functions of State in Chemical Processes;206
10.11;3.10 Equilibrium Calculations;214
10.12;3.11 Determination of Activity Coefficients;218
10.13;3.12 Oxidation Boundary for Magnetite-Zinc Ferrite Solid Solutions;225
10.14;3.13 Activity of Solvent and Solute;227
10.15;3.14 Mixing in Nonideal Solutions;231
10.16;3.15 Phase Stability: General Consequences of Deviations from Ideality;241
10.17;3.16 Discussion of Several Types of Phase Diagrams;247
10.18;3.17 Variation of Mutual Solubility with Temperature;256
11;Chapter 4. Thermodynamic Properties of Electrolytes;266
11.1;4.0 Introductory Comments;266
11.2;4.1 Activities of Strong Electrolytes;266
11.3;4.2 Theoretical Determination of Activities in Electrolyte Solutions;273
11.4;4.3 Experimental Determination of Activities and Activity Coefficients;275
11.5;4.4 Equilibrium Properties of Weak Electrolytes;278
11.6;4.5 Galvanic Cells;284
11.7;4.6 Operation of Galvanic Cells;286
11.8;4.7 Galvanic Cells; Operational Analysis;289
11.9;4.8 Liquid Junction Potentials;295
11.10;4.9 EMF Dependence on Activities;296
11.11;4.10 Types of Operating Cells;299
11.12;4.11 Thermodynamic Information from Galvanic Cell Measurements;301
12;Chapter 5. Thermodynamic Properties of Materials in Externally Applied Fields;304
12.1;5.0 Introductory Comments;304
12.2;5.1 Thermodynamics of Gravitational Fields;304
12.3;5.2 Thermodynamics of Adsorption Processes;311
12.4;5.3 Heats of Adsorption;320
12.5;5.4 Surface vs. Bulk Effects; Thermodynamics of Self-Assembly;327
12.6;5.5 Pressure of Electromagnetic Radiation;337
12.7;5.6 Thermodynamic Characterization of Electromagnetic Radiation;340
12.8;5.7 Effects of Electric Fields on Thermodynamic Properties of Matter;344
12.9;5.8 Systematization of Electromagnetic Field Effects in Thermodynamics;350
12.10;5.9 Adiabatic Demagnetization and Transitions to Superconductivity;360
13;Chapter 6. Irreversible Thermodynamics;364
13.1;6.0 Introductory Comments;364
13.2;6.1 Generalities;364
13.3;6.2 Shock Phenomena;374
13.4;6.3 Linear Phenomenological Equations;381
13.5;6.4 Steady State Conditions and Prigogine's Theorem;383
13.6;6.5 Onsager Reciprocity Conditions;384
13.7;6.6 Thermomolecular Mechanical Effects;386
13.8;6.7 Electrokinetic Phenomena;389
13.9;6.8 The Soret Effect;394
13.10;6.9 Thermoelectric Effects;396
13.11;6.10 Irreversible Thermomagnetic Phenomena in Two Dimensions;400
13.12;6.11 Chemical Processes;406
13.13;6.12 Coupled Reactions: Special Example;409
13.14;6.13 Coupled Reactions, General Case;411
14;Chapter 7. Critical Phenomena;414
14.1;7.0 Introductory Remarks;414
14.2;7.1 Properties of Materials Near Their Critical Point;414
14.3;7.2 Homogeneity Requirements, Correlation Lengths, Scaling Properties;421
14.4;7.3 Derivation of Griffith's and Rushbrooke's Inequality;424
14.5;7.4 Scaled Equation of State;432
14.6;7.5 Landau Theory of Critical Phenomena and Phase Transitions;432
15;Chapter 8. A Final Speculation About Ultimate Temperatures-A Fourth Law of Thermodynamics?;442
16;Chapter 9. Mathematical Proof of the Carathéodory Theorem and Resulting Interpretations; Derivation of the Debye-Hückel Equation;444
16.1;9.1 Fundamentals;444
16.2;9.2 Proof of Holonomicity;446
16.3;9.3 Necessary Condition for Establishing the Carathéodory Theorem;450
16.4;9.4 Relevance to Thermodynamics;453
16.5;9.5 Derivation of the Limiting Form for the Debye-Hückel Equation;454
17;Index;462