E-Book, Greek, Ancient (to 1453), 2053 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-438-07236-8
Verlag: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Zielgruppe
Theologen; Pfarrer; Studierende; Sprachwissenschaftler
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Neues Testament: Exegese, Geschichte
- Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Bibelausgaben, Bibelkonkordanzen, Synopsen
- Geisteswissenschaften Literaturwissenschaft Klassische Literaturwissenschaft Klassische Griechische & Byzantinische Literatur
Weitere Infos & Material
INTRODUCTION
I. THE EDITION
1. History of the Edition
In 1898 Eberhard Nestle published the first edition of his Novum Testamentum Graece. Based on a simple yet ingenious idea it disseminated the insights of the textual criticism of that time through a hand edition designed for university and school studies and for church purposes. Nestle took the three leading scholarly editions of the Greek New Testament at that time by Tischendorf, Westcott/Hort and Weymouth as a basis. (After 1901 he replaced the latter with Bernhard Weiß's 1894/1900 edition.) Where their textual decisions differed from each other Nestle chose for his own text the variant which was preferred by two of the editions included, while the variant of the third was put into the apparatus. The text-critical apparatus remained rudimentary in all the editions published by Eberhard Nestle. A primary apparatus displayed as witnesses only the editions mentioned above, while a second apparatus initially contained only readings from Codex Bezae. Subsequently evidence from other important manuscripts was added. It was Eberhard Nestle's son Erwin who provided the 13th edition of 1927 with a consistent critical apparatus showing evidence from manuscripts, early translations and patristic citations. Now the “Nestle” met the standards of a scholarly hand edition of the Greek New Testament. However, these notes did not derive from the primary sources, but only from editions, above all that of von Soden. This changed in the nineteen-fifties, when Kurt Aland started working for the edition by checking the apparatus entries against Greek manuscripts and editions of the Church Fathers. This phase came to a close in 1963 when the 25th edition of the Novum Testamentum Graece appeared; later printings of this edition already carried the brand name “Nestle-Aland” on their covers. The 26th edition, which appeared in 1979, featured a fundamentally new approach. Until then the guiding principle, with very rare exceptions, had been to adopt the text supported by a majority of the critical editions referred to. Now the text was established on the basis of source material that had been assembled and evaluated in the intervening period. It included early papyri and other manuscript discoveries, so that the 26th edition represented the situation of textual criticism in the 20th century. Its text was identical with that of the 3rd edition of the UBS Greek New Testament (GNT) published in 1975, as a consequence of the parallel work done on both editions. Already in 1955 Kurt Aland was invited to participate in an editorial committee with Matthew Black, Bruce M. Metzger, Alan Wikgren, and at first Arthur Vööbus, later Carlo Martini (and, from 1982, Barbara Aland and Johannes Karavidopoulos) to produce a reliable hand edition of the Greek New Testament for the specific needs of Bible translators. The first edition of the GNT appeared in 1966. Its text was established along the lines of Westcott and Hort and differed considerably from Nestle's 25th edition. This holds true for the second edition of the GNT as well. When the third edition was prepared by Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Carlo Martini, Bruce Metzger and Alan Wikgren, Kurt Aland was able to contribute the textual proposals coming from his preliminary work on the 26th edition of the Nestle-Aland. Hence the process of establishing the text for both editions continued to converge, so that eventually they could share an identical text. However, their external appearance and the design of their apparatus remains different, because they serve different purposes. The GNT is primarily intended for translators, providing a reliable Greek initial text and a text-critical apparatus showing variants that are relevant for translation. In the case of the passages selected for this purpose the evidence is displayed as completely as possible. The Novum Testamentum Graece is produced primarily for research, academic education and pastoral practice. It seeks to provide an apparatus that enables the reader to make a critical assessment of the reconstruction of the Greek initial text. The text of the 26th edition of the Nestle-Aland was adopted for the 27th edition also, while the apparatus underwent an extensive revision. The text remained the same, because the 27th edition was not “deemed an appropriate occasion for introducing textual changes” (NA27, p. 45*). Since then the situation has changed, because the ECM of the Catholic Letters is now available. Its text was established on the basis of all the relevant material from manuscripts and other sources. The ECM text was adopted for the present edition following approval by the editorial committee of the Nestle-Aland and the GNT. 2. The 28th Edition
The 28th edition of the Nestle-Aland had to accomplish two different tasks. First, the apparatus had to be revised thoroughly to give it more clarity and make it easier to use. Secondly, the text-critical insights and decisions resulting from work on the Editio Critica Maior of the Greek New Testament1 had to be incorporated. As a consequence of these alterations, which so far concern only the Catholic Letters, the Nestle-Aland has for the first time in its history a different presentation for different parts of the text. The Catholic Letters were revised according to a fundamentally new concept which in the long run will be adopted for the entire edition. The revision of the remaining texts was confined to a thorough inspection and rearrangement of the apparatus, while the basic structure was left untouched. Another important innovation is that from now on the Nestle-Aland will not appear only as a printed book, but also in digital form. This brings considerable advantages regarding the timeliness of the information presented, clarity of display and links with further documents and data. Henceforth corrections and new notes will be available promptly via the internet. Abbreviations, sigla and short Latin phrases in the apparatus are explained in pop-up windows. Above all, the digital apparatus becomes a portal opening up the sources of the tradition, as it provides links to full transcriptions and, as far as possible, to images of the manuscripts included. In this introduction however we will primarily describe the thorough revision of the apparatus as a whole and the new concept applied to the Catholic Letters. The “digital Nestle-Aland” as such does not need a lengthy introduction here. 2.1 Revision and Correction of the Critical Apparatus of the Whole Edition The distinction between consistently cited witnesses of the first and second order has often caused uncertainties and complications. It was difficult to discover, for example, whether a consistently cited witness of the second order was not explicitly cited because it agreed with the majority reading or because it had a lacuna, and so we have given up this distinction. From now on all manuscripts cited consistently for the respective writing will be listed for passages with a positive apparatus (see also pp. 55*f.). If a witness declared as consistently cited in the Introduction does not appear at a passage with a positive apparatus, the only possible reason is a lacuna or illegibility. Abandoning the distinction between consistently cited witnesses of the first and second orders increases the number of apparatus notes. At the same time, however, we have rearranged the apparatus for more tightness and clarity. Witnesses not cited consistently are listed only if they contribute variants of text-historical relevance. Unless there are particular reasons not to do so, the variants of consistently cited witnesses are given in full, even if they differ from other consistently cited witnesses in detail only. The appendix containing variae lectiones minores has been retained, but it is confined to readings which would have disturbed the clarity of the main apparatus. In the context of the NTTranscripts project (http://nttranscripts.uni-muenster.de/) and of transcription of manuscripts for the Editio Critica Maior the Nestle-Aland apparatus notes were checked systematically. This brought about increased precision in the citation of Greek manuscripts. Conjectures are no longer cited in the apparatus. This was not an easy decision for the editors, because these often indicate passages of particular text-critical and exegetical interest. However, mere citation of a conjecture without a bibliographical reference to the source is unsatisfactory. In this regard an index of all conjectures in former Nestle-Aland editions produced by the research group New Testament Conjectural Emendation at the VU University Amsterdam will be of assistance. The researchers involved in this project are Jan Krans, Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte, Silvia Castelli and Bart Kamphuis. The apparatus of the Catholic Letters in the ECM shows how extensive the treatment of inscriptio and subscriptio would have to be, if they were to be treated in the same way as the New Testament text. For the sake of focusing on essentials, the subscriptions will no longer appear in the NA apparatus. The inscriptions other than those of the Catholic Letters remain unchanged for now. For the Catholic Letters, however, they are given in their main forms as transmitted by representative witnesses. Furthermore, the notes pauci (pc) and alii (al) indicating that, apart from the witnesses cited explicitly, there are a few or more additional witnesses for a variant, have been abandoned. The main reason for this is that these notes could easily lead to a mistaken...
