Joseph Tsunamis

Detection, Monitoring, and Early-Warning Technologies
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-385054-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 448 Seiten

The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. The tsunamis that occurred as a result of the earthquake in Japan in March 2011 further emphasized the need for detection, monitoring, and early-warning technologies. This professional reference is the first of its kind: it provides a globally inclusive review of the current state of tsunami detection technology and will be a much-needed resource for oceanographers and marine engineers working to upgrade and integrate their tsunami warning systems. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional. Featured are comparative assessments of detection, monitoring, and real-time reporting technologies. The challenges of detection through remote measuring stations are also addressed, as well as the historical and scientific aspects of tsunamis. - Offers readers the only source of practical content on the technological details of the subject - Written by a tsunami detection and monitoring expert who has 32 years of experience in the field - Companion web site featuring multi-media components, timely updates on fast-paced technological developments, and an online forum where scientists can exchange ideas, discuss technological updates and provide the author with valuable feedback

Dr Antony Joseph has over 40 years' experience in oceanography research on various aspects related to oceanographic sciences, ocean technologies, limnology, hydrology, meteorology, and surface meteorology technologies. He is currently retired but was Chief Scientist of the National Institute of Oceanography, India for 34 years where he conducted research in the areas of ocean currents, sea-level, and surface meteorological measurements. Dr Joseph has worked in numerous countries such as the UK, Norway, Portugal, France, Ghana, Singapore, Japan, South Africa, Russia, Australia, and USA on official capacity in connection with sea-level related research and operational activities. He has authored three Elsevier books: Tsunamis: Detection, Monitoring, and Early-Warning Technologies (2011); Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data (2013); and Investigating Seafloors and Oceans: From Mud Volcanoes to Giant Squid (2016).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Joseph, Antony

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Tsunamis;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Acknowledgments;12
7;Chapter 1 Introduction;14
8;Chapter 2 Tsunami Generation and Historical Aspects;24
8.1;2.1 Tsunamis Generated by Seaquakes;26
8.2;2.2 Tsunamis Generated by Surface/Submarine Landslides and Rock Avalanches;33
8.3;2.3 Tsunamis Generated by Volcanic Eruptions;37
8.4;2.4 Tsunamis Generated by Meteorological Disturbances;40
8.5;2.5 Tsunamis Generated by Underwater Gas Emission;68
8.6;2.6 Tsunamis Generated by Asteroid Impacts;75
9;Chapter 3 Tsunami Databases;78
9.1;3.1 The United States Tsunami Database;79
9.2;3.2 The Russia Tsunami Databases;81
9.3;3.3 The UNESCO Tsunami Database;81
9.4;3.4 The Japan Tsunami Database;82
9.5;3.5 The Greece Tsunami Database;82
10;Chapter 4 Geophysical Tsunami Hydrodynamics;84
10.1;4.1 Propagation;86
10.2;4.2 Features of Geophysical Tsunamis;93
10.3;4.3 Influence of Midocean Ridges, Straits, and Continental Shelves;101
10.4;4.4 Tsunamis on Islands;105
10.5;4.5 Tsunami-Induced Seiches in Harbors;107
10.6;4.6 Tsunamis in Inland Water Bodies;110
11;Chapter 5 Impact of a Tsunami on Coastal and Island Habitats;112
12;Chapter 6 The Protective Role of Coastal Ecosystems;116
13;Chapter 7 Earthquake Detection and Monitoring for Early Warnings of Seismogenic Tsunamis;122
13.1;7.1 Earthquake Precursors;122
13.2;7.2 Earthquake Detection Through Monitoring the Behavior of Animals, Reptiles, and Birds;126
14;Chapter 8 Numerical Models for Forecasting;128
15;Chapter 9 The Role of IOC-UNESCO in Tsunami Early Warnings;134
16;Chapter 10 Earthquake Monitoring for Early Tsunami Warnings;138
16.1;10.1 Seismic Network of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center;139
17;Chapter 11 Open Ocean Tsunami Detection;162
17.1;11.1 Detection Using Seafloor Pressure Measurement;164
17.2;11.2 Detection Using Orbiting Satellite Altimeters;168
17.3;11.3 Detection Using Optical Devices in Satellites and Aircrafts;171
17.4;11.4 Detection Using Orbiting Microwave Radar and Radiometers;174
18;Chapter 12 Land-Based Measurements of Inundation to Confirm Tsunamigenesis;178
19;Chapter 13 The Technology of End-to-End Communication: Sending the Message;180
20;Chapter 14 IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Early Warning Systems;184
20.1;14.1 The United States Tsunami Warning System;186
20.2;14.2 The Japan Tsunami Warning System;188
20.3;14.3 The Russia Tsunami Warning Service;196
20.4;14.4 The Canada Tsunami Warning System;214
20.5;14.5 The Australia Tsunami Warning System;217
20.6;14.6 The Puerto Rico Tsunami Warning System;221
20.7;14.7 The Korea Tsunami Warning System;227
20.8;14.8 The Chile Tsunami Warning System;229
20.9;14.9 The New Zealand Tsunami Warning System;230
20.10;14.10 India's Early-Warning System for Tsunamis and Storm Surges;233
20.11;14.11 Malaysia's Multihazard Early Warning System;248
20.12;14.12 The Singapore Tsunami Warning System;251
20.13;14.13 European Union Initiative;252
20.14;14.14 Tsunami Warning Systems Around the African Continent;257
21;Chapter 15 Technological Challenges In Detecting Tsunamis;260
22;Chapter 16 Sea-Level Measurements From Coasts and Islands;266
22.1;16.1 Chart Datum;268
22.2;16.2 Float-Driven Gauges;268
22.3;16.3 Electric Step Gauges;281
22.4;16.4 Air-Acoustic Gauges;283
22.5;16.5 Downward-Looking Aerial Microwave Radar Gauges;289
22.6;16.6 Subsurface Pressure Gauge Systems;297
22.7;16.7 Radiowave Interferometry;336
22.8;16.8 Differential Global Positioning Systems on Floating Buoys;340
22.9;16.9 Applying a Tide Staff for Datum Control in Coastal Sea-Level Measurements;344
23;Chapter 17 Sea Level Measurements From Deep-Sea Regions;346
23.1;17.1 Seafloor Pressure Sensor Capsules;348
23.2;17.2 Satellite Radar Altimetry;360
24;Chapter 18 Telemetry of Sea-Level Data;364
24.1;18.1 Submarine Cable Communication;364
24.2;18.2 Acoustic Communication;365
24.3;18.3 VHF/UHF Transceivers and Wired Telephone Connections;368
24.4;18.4 Satellite Communication;370
24.5;18.5 Cellular Modems;376
24.6;18.6 Telemetry From Polar Regions;377
25;Chapter 19 Evaluating and Assessing Tsunamis Technologies for Specific Situations;378
25.1;19.1 Optimal Ocean-Bottom Pressure Recorders;379
25.2;19.2 Optimal Devices for Measuring Coastal Tsunamis;380
25.3;19.3 Summary;383
26;Chapter 20 Extracting Tsunami Signals From Sea-Level Records;394
27;Chapter 21 Conclusions;398
28;References;402
29;Bibliography;434
30;Index;440