Kang / Schulte-Fortkamp Soundscape and the Built Environment

Erscheinungsjahr 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4822-2632-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 324 Seiten

This text discusses soundscape in the built environment. It begins with a presentation of theory and basic background. It then sets out tools for implementing a soundscape approach, and then delivers a series of examples of the application of the soundscape approach in planning, design, and assessment. It presents a consensus on the current state of the art and is not merely a collection of different views. It is written for acoustic consultants, urban planners, designers and policy makers, graduate students, and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kang, Jian

Schulte-Fortkamp, Brigitte

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Akustik, Tontechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION

TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE

• Assessment of soundscapes, basic definitions, an attempt to standardize

• Soundscape nomenclature in various languages and disciplines

• International standards relevant for soundscape studies

FROM SONIC ENVIRONMENT TO SOUNDSCAPE

• Listening

• Auditory Scene Analysis

• The role of multisensory attention

• How sounds get meaning

• Appraisal and quality judgment in a socio-cultural context

• A holistic model for soundscape

• How soundscape theory can affect practice

HUMAN RESTORATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE: THE ROLE OF HIGH ACOUSTIC QUALITY

• Introduction

Noise Versus Wanted Sound

Health Effects of Environmental Noise

• Categorizing the effects of wanted sound

• Restoration

• Enhancing QoL

• The review: Method

Data sources and searches

Inclusion and quality criteria (link to other literature on positive environments)

• Results

The positive effects of high acoustic quality

Definitions and concepts

Mechanisms

• Noise leads to disease via stress

• High acoustic quality leads to health via restoration

• Restoration by being in an environment with high acoustic quality

• Restoration by being aware that one has access to high acoustic quality

• High acoustic quality leads to QoL

Monetarisation of health and wellbeing effects of high acoustic quality

• Conclusions

IMPACT OF SOUNDSCAPE IN TERMS OF PERCEPTION

• The holistic in soundscape

• Methods to balance the acoustics in the living environment

• Participation as the leading construct

• Outline of studies for urban areas: overview and outcomes

• Discussion regarding a guideline for future noise studies

• Indicators to be obtained for political input

PERCEIVED SOUNDSCAPES IN RELATION TO TRANSPORT RELATED

ANNOYANCE, CONTEXT AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS; CASE STUDIES

• The need for the integration of different scale levels in soundscape

health and quality of life studies

The scales and its methodological and public health dimensions

The dimensions of the related context

• Large scale health and quality of life studies (Schiphol & National neighbourhood study)

Outline of the studies: exposures and outcomes studied

Results

Discussion of gains and limitations

• Medium to smaller scales health and quality of life studies (BBT & ALPNAP)

Outline of the studies: exposures and outcomes studied

Results

Discussion of gains and limitations

• Future perspective

The research perspective

The policy perspective

HUMAN HEARING-RELATED MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC

ENVIRONMENTS – REQUISITE FOR SOUNDSCAPE INVESTIGATIONS

• Measurement Equipment

Introduction to Anatomy and Signal Processing of Human Hearing

Derivation of Requirements for Measurement Equipment

Introduction to Binaural Measurement Equipment

• Measurement Conditions and Specifications

Derivation of Measurement Specifications due to Human Hearing Performance

Derivation of Measurement Conditions

• Analysis of Acoustic Environments by means of Psychoacoustics

Introduction to Psychoacoustics

Psychoacoustic Analysis of Acoustic Environments (soundwalk data) & Basic Classification of Acoustic Environments (Soundscapes) based on Psychoacoustic Profiles

• Characterization of Soundscapes

Options and Limitations of Psychoacoustic Analysis

Meaning of Source Recognition and Listening Focus

Outlook

MAPPING OF SOUNDSCAPE

• Noise mapping

• Sound mapping

• Soundscape mapping based on ANN

• Mind mapping to psychoacoustic alternatives

• Soundscape topography

• Procedures and techniques for identification of sound components

APPROACHES TO URBAN SOUNDSCAPE MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND DESIGN

• Introduction

• Outdoors soundscape concept

• Soundscape approach vs noise control approach

• Soundscape management in new urban projects

Acoustic comfort in the design of new projects

The soundscape approach in environmental impact assessment

Quiet areas

Case studies

• Soundscape planning and design

Criteria

Design steps

Case studies

• Conclusions

SOUNDSCAPE AS PART OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

• Introduction

• Multi-sensorial appreciation of cultural and natural heritage

• Soundscape as intangible trademark: recognition’s techniques

• Tools for the Soundscape safeguard

• Applications

• Historical towns

• Archaeological parks

• Natural parks

• Festivals

APPLIED SOUNDSCAPE PRACTICES

• Purpose-designed soundscape projects

• Other projects achieving good soundscape quality

• Examples of soundscape practice in policy

• Potential policy applications of soundscape principles

• Methods of soundscape modification

• Priorities for soundscape intervention

• Improving future soundscape practices

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX