Kashlev Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Fast Particles in Solids

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4665-8010-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Fast Particles in Solids examines the kinetics and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics of fast charged particles moving in crystals in different modes. It follows a line of research very different from traditional ways of constructing a theory of radiation effects, which gives a purely mechanistic interpretation of particle motion. In contrast, this book takes into account the thermodynamic forces due to separation of the thermodynamic parameters of the subsystem of particles ("hot" atoms) on the parameters of the thermostat (electrons and lattice), in addition to covering the various mechanisms of collisions.

Topics Include:

- Construction of a local kinetic equation of Boltzmann type for fast particles interacting with the conduction electrons and lattice vibrations, on the basis of the principles of Bogolyubov’s kinetic theory

- Calculation of the equilibrium energy and angular distributions of fast particles at a depth of the order of coherence length, and the evolution of particle distribution with increasing depth of penetration of the beam

- Calculation of transverse quasi-temperature of channeled particles with the heating of the beam in the process of diffusion of particles in the space of transverse energies, as well as cooling the beam through a dissipative process

- Research in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the relaxation kinetics of random particles, including the thermodynamics of positronium atoms moving in insulators under laser irradiation

- Analysis of the kinetics of hot carriers in semiconductors and thermalization of hot carriers, as well as the calculation of the statistical distribution of ejected atoms formed during the displacement cascade

The book sets a new direction of the theory of radiation effects in solids—non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics of fast particles—and aims to focus and aid the reader in the study of new areas of investigation in this area.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kashlev, Yurii

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Statistische Physik, Dynamische Systeme
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Theoretical Background and Model Presentation
Two theoretical disciplines: non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics
Short description of the non-equilibrium system
Channeling effect of charged particles

Channeling of Charged High-Energy Particles as a Stochastic Process
Markov process with a normal (Gaussian) distribution
Transport coefficients of channeled particles in electron scattering (non-local theory)
Kinetic features of channeled particles in the presence of thermal lattice vibrations (local theory)
Dechanneling
Three modes of motion of fast particles

Local Boltzmann Kinetic Equation as Applied to Plane and Axial Channeling
The distribution function for the complex of a fast particle and r atoms in the crystal
The chain of BBGKY equations in channeling theory
Local linearized Boltzmann equation
The equation of local balance of the number of particles in the channeling problem
Diagonal element of the matrix of effects in electron scattering
Features of the kinetic functions as a consequence of locality of the theory
Transition to the kinetic Boltzmann equation in the theory of rarefied gases

Two Classes of Irreversible Processes in Statistical Theory of Channeling
Phase mixing and dissipative processes
Phase mixing at shallow depths of penetration (S-contributions)
The linear theory of reaction

Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermo-Dynamics as Applied to Channeling
General view of the statistical operator for non-equilibrium systems
Non-equilibrium statistical operator in quantum theory of channeling
Definitions of the quantum theory of dechanneling
Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov finite difference equation
The statistical coefficient of dechanneling rate
The rate of release of particles from the channeling regime, taking into account the spatial separation of directional beam

Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics of Directional Particle Beams Concept of Transverse Quasi-Temperature
Formulation of the theory based on expansion of the non-equilibrium statistical operator
The energy–momentum balance equation in the comoving coordinate system
Linearization of the balance equation
The solution of the balance equation
The dependence of equilibrium distributions on transverse quasi-temperature (axial channel)
Determination of magnitude of transverse quasi-temperature of channeled particles based on experimental data
Quasi-temperature of strongly non-equilibrium systems
Comparative analysis: channeled particles and the spin gas

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Chaotic Particles
Relaxation kinetics and quasi-temperature of positronium atoms
Quasi-temperature of subsystem of knocked-on atoms in displacement cascade

Statistical Thermodynamics of Light Atoms Moving with Thermal Velocity
Coefficient (constant) of the exit velocity of particles from the potential minimum
Coefficient (constant) of rate of hydrogen atom discharge from potential minimum due to above-barrier jumps in fcc metal
Tunneling transitions of hydrogen atoms due to the collapse of local deformation in the bcc lattice
Thermally activated tunneling in bcc metals
Concluding remarks on the migration of hydrogen atoms