Kelley The Earth's Ionosphere

Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics
2. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-091657-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 576 Seiten

Although interesting in its own right, due to the ever-increasing use of satellites for communication and navigation, weather in the ionosphere is of great concern. Every such system uses trans-ionospheric propagation of radio waves, waves which must traverse the commonly turbulent ionosphere. Understanding this turbulence and predicting it are one of the major goals of the National Space Weather program. Acquiring such a prediction capability will rest on understanding the very topics of this book, the plasma physics and electrodynamics of the system.
Fully updated to reflect advances in the field in the 20 years since the first edition publishedExplores the buffeting of the ionosphere from above by the sun and from below by the lower atmosphereUnique text appropriate both as a reference and for coursework

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kelley, Michael C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;8
5;Preface;14
6;Chapter 1 Introductory and Background Material;16
6.1;1.1 Scope and Goals of the Text;16
6.2;1.2 Structure of the Neutral Atmosphere and the Main Ionosphere;19
6.3;1.3 D-Region Fundamentals;25
6.4;1.4 The Earth's Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere;31
6.5;References;40
7;Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Atmospheric, Ionospheric, and Magnetospheric Plasma Dynamics;42
7.1;2.1 The Basic Fluid Equations;42
7.2;2.2 Steady-State Ionospheric Plasma Motions Due to Applied Forces;54
7.3;2.3 Generation of Electric Fields;62
7.4;2.4 Electric Field Mapping;63
7.5;2.5 Elements of Magnetospheric Physics;69
7.6;2.6 Are Ionospheric Electric Fields Real?;83
7.7;2.7 Coordinate Systems;84
7.8;References;85
8;Chapter 3 Dynamics and Electrodynamics of the Equatorial Zone;86
8.1;3.1 Motions of the Equatorial F Region: The Database;86
8.2;3.2 The Equatorial F-Region Dynamo;91
8.3;3.3 E-Region Dynamo Theory and the Daytime Equatorial Electrojet;104
8.4;3.4 Further Complexities of Equatorial Electrodynamics;114
8.5;3.5 Feedback Between Electrodynamics and Thermospheric Winds;128
8.6;3.6 Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric Dynamics;134
8.7;References;140
9;Chapter 4 Equatorial Plasma Instabilities and Mesospheric Turbulence;146
9.1;4.1 F-Region Plasma Instabilities: Observations;146
9.2;4.2 Development and Initiation of Convective Equatorial Ionospheric Storms (a.k.a. Equatorial Spread F);157
9.3;4.3 Nonlinear Theories of Convective Ionospheric Storms;175
9.4;4.4 Linkage of Large and Small Scales in CEIS;184
9.5;4.5 Convective Equatorial Ionospheric Storm Summary;189
9.6;4.6 E-Region Plasma Instabilities: The Observational Data Base;190
9.7;4.7 Linear Theories of Electrojet Instabilities;202
9.8;4.8 Nonlinear Theories of Electrojet Instabilities;215
9.9;4.9 D-Region Turbulence;226
9.10;4.10 Future Directions;228
9.11;References;228
10;Chapter 5 Hydro- and Electrodynamics of the Midlatitude Ionosphere;236
10.1;5.1 Introduction to the Tropical and Midlatitude Ionospheres;236
10.2;5.2 Electric Fields in the Tropical and Midlatitude Zone;252
10.3;5.3 Midlatitude Lower Thermosphere Dynamics;271
10.4;References;279
11;Chapter 6 Waves and Instabilities at Midlatitudes;282
11.1;6.1 Mesoscale Vertical Organization of Ionospheric Plasma: General Considerations;282
11.2;6.2 Oscillations of the Neutral Atmosphere;283
11.3;6.3 Role of Gravity Waves and Tides in Creating Vertical Ionospheric Structure;294
11.4;6.4 Effects of Particle Precipitation at Midlatitudes;301
11.5;6.5 Horizontal Structure in the Midlatitude Ionosphere;304
11.6;6.6 Midlatitude F-Region Plasma Instabilities;308
11.7;6.7 Midlatitude E-Region Instabilities;327
11.8;References;351
12;Chapter 7 Dynamics and Electrodynamics of the Mesosphere;358
12.1;7.1 Noctilucent Clouds (NLC) and the Solstice Temperature Anomaly;358
12.2;7.2 Gravity Wave Breaking;361
12.3;7.3 The Polar Summer Mesosphere: A Wave-Driven Refrigerator;363
12.4;7.4 New Observations of NLC and Related Phenomena;365
12.5;7.5 Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE);368
12.6;7.6 The Role of Charged Ice;375
12.7;7.7 On the Possible Relationship Between PMSE, NLC, and Atmospheric Change;377
12.8;7.8 Upward-Propagating Lightning;378
12.9;7.9 Nonlinear Mesospheric Waves;381
12.10;References;388
13;Chapter 8 High-Latitude Electrodynamics;394
13.1;8.1 Electrical Coupling Between the Ionosphere, Magnetosphere, and Solar Wind;394
13.2;8.2 Observations of Ionospheric Convection;410
13.3;8.3 Simple Models of Convection in the Magnetosphere;418
13.4;8.4 Empirical and Analytical Representations of High-Latitude Convection;427
13.5;8.5 Observations of Field-Aligned Currents;432
13.6;8.6 Horizontal Currents at High Latitudes;438
13.7;References;444
14;Chapter 9 Ionospheric Response to Electric Fields;448
14.1;9.1 Ionospheric Effects of Parallel Plasma Dynamics;448
14.2;9.2 Ionospheric Effects of Perpendicular Plasma Dynamics;455
14.3;9.3 Electrodynamic Forcing of the Neutral Atmosphere;466
14.4;9.4 Particle Acceleration in the Topside Ionosphere;474
14.5;9.5 Summary;480
14.6;References;480
15;Chapter 10 Instabilities and Structure in the High-Latitude Ionosphere;484
15.1;10.1 Planetary and Large-Scale Structures in the High-Latitude F Region;484
15.2;10.2 Intermediate-Scale Structure in the High-Latitude F Region;505
15.3;10.3 Small-Scale Waves in the High-Latitude F Region;525
15.4;10.4 E-Region Layering at High Latitudes;530
15.5;10.5 Plasma Waves and Irregularities in the High-Latitude E Region: Observations;531
15.6;10.6 Linear Auroral Electrojet Wave Theories;541
15.7;10.7 Summary;553
15.8;References;553
16;Index;560
17;International Geophysics Series;572
18;Color Plate Section;578