Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems
E-Book, Englisch, 489 Seiten
ISBN: 978-0-12-375671-8
Verlag: Elsevier Reference Monographs
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
The focus of the book will be both on basic pathways and translational science, which will apply basic knowledge to clinical diseases. Chapter content will range from basic descriptions of the various cell systems and their development to the signals that cause them to interact during normal physiology and disease. This is a rapidly developing area that is of interest to a wide spectrum of researchers, students, and fellows in immunology, rheumatology, hematology, and bone biology--all of whom need to develop a more complete understanding of their previously separate disciplines and the mechanisms by which they interact.
Presents a comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of osteoimmunology in one reference work Experts in bone biology and immunology (from all areas of academic and medical research) take readers from the bench research (cellular and molecular mechanism), through genomic and proteomic analysis, all the way to clinical analysis (histopathology and imaging) and new therapeutic approaches. Clear presentations by bone biologists of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bone cell development leading to bone and immunological diseases such as Lupus Clear presentations by immunologists of how immune cells develop and how the immune system plays a role in bone diseases like osteoporosis and arthritis
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;Osteoimmunology:Interactions of the Immuneand Skeletal Systems;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;8
6;Foreword;12
7;Preface;14
8;Chapter 1 Overview: The Developing Field of Osteoimmunology;16
8.1;References;19
9;Chapter 2 Origins of Osteoclasts;22
9.1;Introduction: osteoclasts;23
9.2;Hematopoietic origins of osteoclasts – insights from osteopetrosis;26
9.3;Generation of osteoclasts;32
9.4;More than one type of osteoclast?;43
9.5;Other OCL precursors;47
9.6;Conclusion;49
9.7;References;49
10;Chapter 3 The Adaptive Immune Response;58
10.1;Introduction;58
10.2;T-cell development and function;59
10.3;B-cell development and function;73
10.4;Acknowledgments;87
10.5;References;87
11;Chapter 4 The Role of Bone Cells in Establishing the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche;96
11.1;Introduction;96
11.2;The osteoblast lineage is heterogeneous;97
11.3;Cells of the osteoblast lineage support hematopoietic stem cells;98
11.4;Signaling pathways implicated in osteoblast–HSC communication;101
11.5;Other signaling pathways in the microenvironment that may involve osteoblasts;103
11.6;Osteoblasts and their precursors also support other hematopoietic lineages;105
11.7;Other components of the hematopoietic niche;106
11.8;The microenvironment and disease;108
11.9;The bone marrow HSC microenvironment is complex;108
11.10;References;109
12;Chapter 5 Osteoblasts and their Signaling Pathways: New Frontiers for Linkage to the Immune System;116
12.1;Introduction;117
12.2;Bone as a connective tissue, organ and supportive environment for other tissues;118
12.3;Functional activities of osteoblast lineage cells;123
12.4;Regulatory networks controlling the progression of osteoblast differentiation;128
12.5;Osteoblast and immune cell crosstalk: A peek into the future;139
12.6;Immune responses and bone pathology: Effects of inflammation on bone in rheumatoid arthritis;140
12.7;Acknowledgments;143
12.8;References;143
13;Chapter 6 The Osteoclast: The Pioneer of Osteoimmunology;156
13.1;Introduction;157
13.2;RANKL and RANK, an osteoclastogenic cytokine and its receptor;158
13.3;TRAF6: the multifunctional signaling molecule activated by RANK;159
13.4;What happens downstream of TRAF6?;161
13.5;The role of NF-?B in osteoclast differentiation;162
13.6;The critical role of AP-1 transcription factors;163
13.7;MAPKs activated by RANKL;164
13.8;NFATc1 is a master transcription factor of osteoclast differentiation;164
13.9;Autoamplification of NFATc1 and its epigenetic regulation;166
13.10;Transcriptional control governed by NFATc1;167
13.11;Co-stimulatory receptors for RANK signal: FcR? and DAP12;167
13.12;Importance of ITAM co-stimulatory signals in humans: Nasu-Hakola disease;171
13.13;Additional co-stimulatory signals involved in osteoclastogenesis;172
13.14;Receptors signaling through DAP12;172
13.15;Src family kinases: activation of ITAM signaling;173
13.16;Syk kinase: downstream of DAP12/FcR??;174
13.17;PLC?2: enzyme and adaptor molecule;174
13.18;Tec kinases: integrating RANK and ITAM signaling;175
13.19;Negative regulatory role of DAP12;176
13.20;M-CSF and c-Fms: a road to proliferation and survival;177
13.21;M-CSF signaling;177
13.22;Erk and PI3K signaling;178
13.23;The osteoclasttnqh_x2019s job: bone resorption;179
13.24;Osteoclast cytoskeleton: the podosomes and the sealing zone;180
13.25;Osteoclast cytoskeleton: the microtubules and the sealing zone;180
13.26;Osteoclast functional structure: the ruffled border;181
13.27;Osteoclast and bone matrix: role of ?v?3 integrin;183
13.28;Integrin-associated proteins;186
13.29;M-CSF and the osteoclast cytoskeleton;189
13.30;Conclusion;190
13.31;References;190
14;Chapter 7 The Effects of Immune Cell Products (Cytokines and Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors) on Bone Cells;202
14.1;Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand(RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB(RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG);203
14.2;Macrophage colony-stimulating factor;204
14.3;Additional colony-stimulating factors;205
14.4;Interleukin-1;206
14.5;Tumor necrosis factor;207
14.6;Additional TNF superfamily members;208
14.7;Interleukin-6;209
14.8;Additional interleukin-6 family members;210
14.9;Interleukin-7;211
14.10;Interleukin-8 and other chemokines;212
14.11;Interleukin-10;215
14.12;Interleukin-12;215
14.13;Interleukin-15;216
14.14;Interleukin-17, interleukin-23, and interleukin-27;216
14.15;Interleukin-18;217
14.16;Interferons;217
14.17;Additional cytokines;218
14.18;References;219
15;Chapter 8 Interactions Among Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and Other Cells in Bone;242
15.1;Introduction;243
15.2;Osteoblasts, lining cells, and osteocytes;243
15.3;Bone modeling and remodeling;253
15.4;Cell communication within the bone multicellular unit;255
15.5;Cell communication from beyond the bone multicellular unit;263
15.6;Summary and conclusions – remodeling and the coupling of bone formation to resorption;269
15.7;Acknowledgments;270
15.8;References;270
16;Chapter 9 The Role of the Immune System in the Development of Osteoporosis;284
16.1;Introduction;285
16.2;Patterns of age-related bone loss and fractures;285
16.3;Relationship between sex steroid production and bone loss;289
16.4;Sex steroid regulation of bone remodeling;291
16.5;Estrogen and the immune system;294
16.6;Potential effects of estrogen deficiency on general immunity;301
16.7;Effects of aging on bone loss independent of changes in sex steroid production;303
16.8;Secondary causes of osteoporosis mediated by the immune system;304
16.9;Prospects for treatment of osteoporosis by regulation of immune cytokines;305
16.10;Summary and conclusions;306
16.11;Acknowledgments;306
16.12;References;307
17;Chapter 10 The Role of the Immune System in the Bone Loss of Inflammatory Arthritis;316
17.1;Introduction;316
17.2;Bone disease associated with RA;317
17.3;Joint margin and subchondral bone loss in RA;318
17.4;Peri-articular bone loss;326
17.5;Generalized bone loss;327
17.6;Seronegative spondyloarthropathies;330
17.7;Acknowledgment;334
17.8;References;334
18;Chapter 11 Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Bone;340
18.1;Introduction;340
18.2;The intestinal immune system;341
18.3;Innate immune functions and IBD pathogenesis;342
18.4;The adaptive immune system and IBD;343
18.5;Immunological differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis;344
18.6;IBD and osteoimmunology;345
18.7;Effects of IBD on bone mass;345
18.8;Mechanisms by which IBD affects bone mass;346
18.9;Conclusion;350
18.10;References;350
19;Chapter 12 The Role of the Immune System in Fracture Healing;358
19.1;Bone repair as a postnatal regenerative process;359
19.2;Fracture healing cascade;361
19.3;Role of mesenchymal stem cells in the modulation of immune function;365
19.4;Cytokines involved in fracture healing;366
19.5;Phase-specific roles of cytokines in fracture healing;369
19.6;Role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in fracture healing;373
19.7;References;376
20;Chapter 13 The Role of the Immune System and Bone Cells in Acute and Chronic Osteomyelitis;384
20.1;Introduction;384
20.2;Mechanism of microbial infection in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis;385
20.3;The host response to osteomyelitis;387
20.4;Osteoblasts: the last line of defense and a novel substrate for bone infections;389
20.5;Osteoclasts modulate immune responses and functions of various cells during infections in bone;390
20.6;Osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors affect osteoblast functions;393
20.7;Osteoclasts as regulators of hematopoietic stem cell functions;394
20.8;The role of dendritic cells and cellular immunity in bone infection;395
20.9;DCs in adaptive immunity and infection;395
20.10;DCs in innate immunity and infection;396
20.11;DCs and osteoclasts in infection;397
20.12;The role of B cells in bone infection and the potential of passive immunization;398
20.13;References;399
21;Chapter 14 The Role of the Immune System in Hematologic Malignancies that Affect Bone;406
21.1;Introduction;406
21.2;Innate immunity – macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells;407
21.3;Adaptive immunity;412
21.4;Hedgehog signaling;413
21.5;TNF receptor superfamily and NF-?B;413
21.6;Therapeutic approaches and effects on immune cells;415
21.7;Conclusions;418
21.8;References;419
22;Chapter 15 Osteoimmunology in the Oral Cavity (Periodontal Disease, Lesions of Endodontic Origin and Orthodontic Tooth Movement);426
22.1;Introduction;427
22.2;Periodontal diseases;427
22.3;Lesions of endodontic origin;439
22.4;Orthodontic tooth movement;444
22.5;Conclusions;447
22.6;Acknowledgments;448
22.7;References;448
23;Index;458
24;Color Plates;470
