Fundamentals and Applications
Buch, Englisch, 456 Seiten, Format (B × H): 193 mm x 257 mm, Gewicht: 1089 g
ISBN: 978-1-118-85137-1
Verlag: Wiley
Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences: Fundamentals and Applications discusses the structure, bonding and reactivity of molecules and solids of environmental interest, bringing the reactivity of non-metals and metals to inorganic chemists, geochemists and environmental chemists from diverse fields. Understanding the principles of inorganic chemistry including chemical bonding, frontier molecular orbital theory, electron transfer processes, formation of (nano) particles, transition metal-ligand complexes, metal catalysis and more are essential to describe earth processes over time scales ranging from 1 nanosec to 1 Gigayr.
Throughout the book, fundamental chemical principles are illustrated with relevant examples from geochemistry, environmental and marine chemistry, allowing students to better understand environmental and geochemical processes at the molecular level.
Topics covered include:
• Thermodynamics and kinetics of redox reactions
• Atomic structure
• Symmetry
• Covalent bonding, and bonding in solids and nanoparticles
• Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory
• Acids and bases
• Basics of transition metal chemistry including
• Chemical reactivity of materials of geochemical and environmental interest
Supplementary material is provided online, including PowerPoint slides, problem sets and solutions.
Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences is a rapid assimilation textbook for those studying and working in areas of geochemistry, inorganic chemistry and environmental chemistry, wishing to enhance their understanding of environmental processes from the molecular level to the global level.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
About the Author xv
Preface xvii
Companion Website xix
1. Inorganic Chemistry and the Environment 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Energetics of Processes 1
1.2 Neutron–Proton Conversion 3
1.3 Element Burning Reactions – Buildup of Larger Elements 4
1.4 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy 5
1.4.1 The “r” and “s” Processes 6
1.5 Nuclear Stability (Radioactive Decay) 8
1.6 Atmospheric Synthesis of Elements 8
1.7 Abundance of the Elements 8
1.7.1 The Cosmos and the Earth’s Lithosphere 8
1.7.2 Elemental Abundance (Atmosphere, Oceans, and Human Body) 10
1.8 Scope of Inorganic Chemistry in Geochemistry and the Environment 17
1.8.1 Elemental Distribution Based on Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis 17
1.8.2 Stratified Waters and Sediments – the Degradation of Organic Matter by Alternate Electron Acceptors 19
1.9 Summary 21
1.9.1 Environmental Inorganic Chemistry 22
References 22
2. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions (Redox) 24
2.1 Introduction 24
2.1.1 Energetics of Half Reactions 24
2.1.2 Standard Potential and the Stability of a Chemical Species of an Element 26
2.2 Variation of Standard Potential with pH (the Nernst Equation) 29
2.3 Thermodynamic Calculations and pH Dependence 29
2.4 Stability Field of Aqueous Chemical Species 31
2.5 Natural Environments 32
2.6 Calculations to Predict Favorable Chemical Reactions 32
2.6.1 Coupling Half-Reactions 34
2.6.2 One-Electron Oxygen Transformations with Fe2+ and Mn2+ to Form O2- 35
2.7 Highly Oxidizing Conditions 38
2.7.1 Ozonolysis Reactions 38
2.7.2 Atmospheric Redox Reactions 39
Appendix 2.1 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation 43
References 43
3. Atomic Structure 45
3.1 History 45
3.2 The Bohr Atom 46
3.3 The Schrodinger Wave Equation 47