Nowotny Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion

Titanium Dioxide
Erscheinungsjahr 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4398-4846-3
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 424 Seiten

Reihe: Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Oxide semiconductors, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), are increasingly being considered as replacements for silicon in the development of the next generation of solar cells. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide presents the basic properties of binary metal oxide semiconductors and the performance-related properties of TiO2 as they relate to solar energy.

The book provides a general background on oxide semiconductors based on binary oxides and their solid solutions, including electronic and ionic conductors. It covers several aspects of solid-state electrochemistry of oxides, such as defect chemistry, and defect-related properties, such as electrical properties, diffusion, segregation, and reactivity. The author also takes a pioneering approach in considering bulk versus surface semiconducting properties, showing how they are different due to the effect of segregation.

One of the first on semiconducting, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 and its solid solutions with donor- and acceptor-type ions, the book discusses defect chemistry of TiO2 in terms of defect equilibria and defect-related properties, including electrical properties, self and chemical diffusion, surface properties, segregation, and reactivity and photoreactivity with oxygen, water, and microbial agents. The text also illustrates the use of TiO2 as an emerging material for solar energy conversion systems, including the generation of hydrogen fuel by photoelectrochemical water splitting, the photocatalytic purification of water, and the generation of photovoltaic electricity. In addition, it presents defect disorder diagrams for the formation of TiO2-based semiconductors with controlled properties.

Encompassing the areas of solid-state science, surface chemistry, and photocatalysis, this book reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of structural imperfections, such as point defects, in understanding the properties of metal oxides, specifically TiO2-based semiconductors.

Zielgruppe

Practitioners and researchers in chemistry, physics, metallurgy, materials science, ceramics, catalysis, solid state science, and green technologies.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nowotny, Janusz

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Solarenergie, Photovoltaik
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Elektronik, Optik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Halb- und Supraleitertechnologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Solid-State Electrochemistry of Binary Metal Oxides
Structural Defects
Nonstoichiometry
Point Defects in Binary Metal Oxides
Band Model
Electrical Properties
Effect of Interfaces
Diffusion
Oxygen Ion Conductors
Concluding Remarks

Light-Induced Effects
Solar Radiation
Solar Energy Spectrum
Light Source
Light-Induced Effects in Semiconductors
Data Reproducibility
Energy Conversion Efficiency
Light Measurements
Concluding Remarks

Basic Properties of TiO2
Titanium Oxides
Titanium TiO2
Concluding Remarks

Defect Chemistry
Undoped TiO2
Doping with Aliovalent Ions
Reactivity of TiO2 with Hydrogen
The Real Chemical Formula of TiO2
Concluding Remarks

Electrical Properties
Introduction
Electrical Conductivity
Thermoelectric Power
Jonker Analysis
Work Function
Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy
Hall Effect
Coulometric Titration
Concluding Remarks

Diffusion
Mass Transport Kinetics
Self-Diffusion
Chemical Diffusion
Concluding Remarks

Effect of Interfaces
Effect of Surface Properties on Reactivity
Segregation
Reactivity
Concluding Remarks

Applications
Introduction
Performance-Related Properties
Solar Hydrogen
Hydrogen Generation by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Solar Water Purification
Alternative Applications
Summary and Concluding Remarks

Appendix
Index

References and Problems appear at the end of each chapter.

Über Autor(innen)

Janusz Nowotny is a professor of solar energy technologies at the University of Western Sydney. He has been a recipient of the Sir William Grove Award of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy and the Pfeil Award of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining in London. Dr. Nowotny was the director of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nonstoichiometric Compounds — Surfaces, Grain Boundaries and Structural Defects. He was also the founder and co-organizer of two series of International Workshops: Nonstoichiometric Compounds and Ceramic Interfaces.