Designing Software Synthesizer Plug-Ins in C++

For RackAFX, VST3, and Audio Units
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-138-78707-0
Verlag: Taylor & Francis Ltd

Buch, Englisch, 760 Seiten, Format (B × H): 218 mm x 279 mm, Gewicht: 1834 g

Bridging the gap from theory to programming, Designing Software Synthesizer Plug-Ins in C++ For RackAFX, VST3 and Audio Units contains complete code for designing and implementing software synthesizers for both Windows and Mac platforms. You will learn synthesizer operation, starting with the underlying theory of each synthesizer component, and moving on to the theory of how these components combine to form fully working musical instruments that function on a variety of target digital audio workstations (DAWs). Containing some of the latest advances in theory and algorithm development, this book contains information that has never been published in textbook form, including several unique algorithms of the author’s own design.

The book is broken into three parts: plug-in programming, theory and design of the central synthesizer components of oscillators, envelope generators, and filters, and the design and implementation of six complete polyphonic software synthesizer musical instruments, which can be played in real time. The instruments implement advanced concepts including a user-programmable modulation matrix. The final chapter shows you the theory and code for a suite of delay effects to augment your synthesizers, introducing you to audio effect processing.

The companion website, www.focalpress.com/cw/pirkle, gives you access to free software to guide you through the application of concepts discussed in the book, and code for both Windows and Mac platforms. In addition to the software, it features bonus projects, application notes, and video tutorials. A reader forum, monitored by the author, gives you the opportunity for questions and information exchange.

Zielgruppe

Professional Practice & Development

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pirkle, Will C. (Assistant Professor of Music Engineering Technology, Frost School of Music, University of Miami.)

Pirkle, Will C.

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Programmierung | Softwareentwicklung Programmier- und Skriptsprachen
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Professionelle Anwendung Digitale Musik
• Geisteswissenschaften Musikwissenschaft Musikwissenschaft Allgemein Musikalische Akustik, Tontechnik, Musikaufnahme

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Synthesizer Fundamentals
1.1 Synth Components
1.2 Oscillators
1.3 Filters
1.4 Amplifiers
1.5 Envelope Generators
1.6 Basic Synth Architecture
1.7 Fundamental Goals of Synth Patch Design
1.8 Audio Data Formats for Plug-Ins
1.9 Signal Processing Review
1.10 Continuous Signals
1.11 Discretized Signals
1.12 The LaPlace and z-Transforms
1.13 Aliasing

2 Writing Plug-Ins
2.1 Dynamic Link Libraries
2.2 C and C++ Style DLLs
2.3 The Application Programming Interface (API)
2.4 API Function Comparisons
2.5 The RackAFXTM Philosophy and API
2.6 Writing RackAFX Plug-Ins
2.7 Setting Up RackAFX
2.8 Designing the User Interface in Prototype Phase
2.9 Setting Up Continuous Controls
2.10 Setting Up Indexed Controls: Radio Buttons
2.11 Setting Up Indexed Controls: Sliders
2.12 Placing Controls Inside the LCD Control
2.13 Using the RackAFX GUI Designer
2.14 The RackAFX Plug-In Object
2.15 Writing VST3 Plug-Ins
2.16 VST3: Processor and Controller
2.17 The Common Object Model: COM
2.18 VST3 Synth Plug-In Architecture
2.19 Processor and Controller Declarations
2.20 The Class Factory
2.21 VST3 Conventions
2.22 Implementing a VST3 Plug-In: Controller
2.23 VST3 Controller Initialization
2.24 VST3 Controller Serialization
2.25 VST3 Controller MIDI Mapping
2.26 Implementing a VST3 Plug-In: Processor
2.27 VST3 Processor Initialization
2.28 VST3 Processor Serialization
2.29 VST3 Note Events, Control Changes and Rendering
2.30 Implementing a VST3 Plug-In: GUI Design
2.31 Using the VSTGUI® Drag and Drop Interface
2.32 VSTGUI Design Example
2.33 Implementing a VST3 Plug-In: Debugging
2.34 Writing Audio Unit (AU) Plug-Ins
2.35 AU XCode Projects
2.36 The Info.plist File
2.37 Managing AU Parameters
2.38: AU Conventions
2.39 AUSynth and AUInstrument Base Class
2.40 Implementing the AUSynth Object
2.41 Implementing the Cocoa View Objects
2.42 WPRotaryKnob
2.43 WPOptionMenuGroup
2.44 The View Factory and CocoaSynthView.plist
2.45 The View Event Listeners
2.46 The View Interface and Initialization
2.47 Implementing an AU Plug-In: Debugging

3 MIDI
3.1 MIDI Messages
3.2 Channel Voice Messages
3.3 Project: NanoSynth
3.4 NanoSynth: RackAFX
3.5 RackAFX Status Window
3.6 NanoSynth: VST3
3.7 MIDI Events in VST3
3.8 MIDI Controllers in VST3
3.9 NanoSynth: AU

4 Analog and Digital Signal Processing
4.1 Analog and Digital Building Blocks
4.2 Analog and Digital Transfer Functions
4.3 Digital Delay
4.4 Digital Differentiation
4.5 Analog and Digital Integration
4.6 The Bilinear z-Transform
4.7 Virtual Analog Filters
4.8 Analog Block Diagrams
4.9 1st Order VA Lowpass Filter
4.10 1st Order VA Highpass Filter
4.11 2nd Order VA Filters
4.12 Series and Parallel VA Filters
4.13 Resolving Delay-Less Loops: Modified Härmä Method
4.14 Resolving Delay-Less Loops: Zavalishin’s Method
4.15 Analog Signal Flow Graphs
4.16 Wave Shaping
4.17 Challenges

5 Synthesizer Oscillator Design
5.1 Trivial Oscillator Algorithms
5.2 Trivial Sawtooth Oscillator
5.3 Trivial Square Wave Oscillator
5.4 Trivial Triangle Wave Oscillator
5.5 Quasi Bandlimited Oscillator Algorithms
5.6 Bandlimited Impulse Trains (BLIT)
5.7 Bandlimited Step Functions (BLEP)
5.8 Wider Window BLEP
5.9 Polynomial BLEP (PolyBLEP)
5.10 Coding the BLEP and PolyBLEP Algorithms
5.11 Wave Shaped BLEP Sawtooth Oscillator
5.12 BLEP Square Wave Oscillator
5.13 Differentiated Parabolic Waveform Oscillators
5.14 DPW Triangle Wave Oscillator
5.15 Other Non-Sinusoidal Oscillators
5.16 White Noise Oscillator
5.17 Pseudo Random Noise (PN Sequence) Oscillator
5.18 Random Sample and Hold Oscillator
5.19 Exponential Decay Oscillator
5.20 Wavetable Oscillators
5.21 Bandlimited Wavetable Oscillators
5.22 Sinusoidal Oscillators by Approximation
5.23 Pitched Oscillator Calculation
5.24 Sources of Modulation
5.25 Pitched Oscillator Starting Phase Consideration
5.26 LFO Features
5.27 Designing the Oscillator Objects
5.28 The COscillator Base Class
5.29 NanoSynth: Oscillators
5.30 NanoSynth Oscillators: RackAFX/VST3/AU
5.31 The CLFO Object
5.32 The CQBLimitedOscillator Object
5.33 The CWTOscillator Object
5.34 NanoSynth Oscillators: Processing Code
5.35 NanoSynth Oscillators: RackAFX
5.36 NanoSynth Oscillators: VST3
5.37 NanoSynth Oscillators: AU
5.38 NanoSynth: Wavetables
5.39 Challenges

6 Envelope Generators and Controlled Amplifiers
6.1 Analog Envelope Generators
6.2 Triggers, Gates and Reset to Zero
6.3 Note-On Modes
6.4 Note-Off Modes
6.5 Digital Envelope Generators
6.6 Envelope Generator Variations
6.7 Iterative Generation of the Exponential Function
6.8 Biased Envelope Generator
6.9 Envelope Generator Intensity Controls and Connections
6.10 Envelope Generator Implementation
6.11 The CEnvelopeGenerator Object
6.12 Digitally Controlled Amplifier (DCA)
6.13 The CDCA Object
6.14 NanoSynth: EG/DCA
6.15 NanoSynth EG/DCA Audio Processing
6.16 NanoSynth EG/DCA: RackAFX
6.17 NanoSynth EG/DCA: VST3
6.18 NanoSynth EG/DCA: AU
6.19 Challenges

7 Synthesizer Filter Design
7.1 Virtual Analog Filters
7.2 Oberheim SEM® State Variable Filter Model
7.3 Korg35 Sallen-Key Filter Model
7.4 Korg35 LPF Model
7.5 Korg35 HPF Model
7.6 Moog Ladder Filter Model
7.7 Moog Ladder Filter Gain Compensation
7.8 Oberheim XPander® Variations
7.9 Nonlinear Moog Ladder Filter Models
7.10 The 2nd Order Moog Half-Ladder Filter
7.11 Diode Ladder Filter Model
7.12 Designing the Filter Objects
7.13 The CFilter Base Class
7.14 The CVAOnePoleFilter Object
7.15 The CSEM Filter Object
7.16 The CKThreeFiveFilter Object
7.17 The CMoogLadderFilter Object
7.18 The CDiodeLadderFilter Object
7.19 Filter Key Tracking Modulation
7.20 NanoSynth: Filters
7.21 NanoSynth: Filters Audio Rendering
7.22 NanoSynth Filters: RackAFX
7.23 NanoSynth Filters: VST3
7.24 NanoSynth Filters: AU
7.25 Build and Test
7.26 Challenges


8 Modulation Matrix, Polyphony and Global Parametrization
8.1 Modulation Routings
8.2 The Modulation Matrix Object
8.3 Using and Programming the Modulation Matrix
8.4 NanoSynth MM Part 1: RackAFX
8.5 NanoSynth MM Part 1: VST3
8.6 NanoSynth MM Part 1: AU
8.7 More MIDI Modulation Routings
8.8 NanoSynth MM Part 2: RackAFX
8.9 NanoSynth MM Part 2: VST3
8.10 NanoSynth MM Part 2: AU
8.11 User Controlled Modulation Routings
8.12 NanoSynth MM Part 3: RackAFX
8.13 NanoSynth MM Part 3: VST3
8.14 NanoSynth MM Part 3: AU
8.15 Polyphony Part 1
8.16 Dynamic Voice Allocation
8.17 Poly NanoSynth: RackAFX
8.18 Poly NanoSynth: VST3
8.19 Poly NanoSynth: AU
8.20 Global Parameterization
8.21 Final NanoSynth: RackAFX
8.22 Final NanoSynth: VST3
8.23 Final NanoSynth: AU


9 MiniSynth: Analog Modeling Synth
9.1 Voice Architectures and CVoice
9.2 CVoice Initialization
9.3 Portamento
9.4 MiniSynth Specifications
9.5 CMiniSynthVoice Object
9.6 Polyphony Part 2
9.7 MiniSynth Files
9.8 MiniSynth: RackAFX
9.9 MiniSynth: VST3
9.10 MiniSynth: AU
9.11 Challenges


10 DigiSynth: Sample Playback Synthesizer
10.1 Audio Samples
10.2 WAV Files
10.3 Multi-Samples
10.4 Splits, Layers and Note Regions
10.5 The CWaveData Object
10.6 The CSampleOscillator Object
10.7 Audio File Location
10.8 DigiSynth Specifications
10.9 The CDigiSynthVoice Object
10.10 DigiSynth Files
10.11 DigiSynth: RackAFX
10.12 DigiSynth: VST3
10.13 DigiSynth: AU
10.14 Challenges


11 VectorSynth and AniSynth: Vector Synthesizers
11.1 The Vector Joystick
11.2 Vector Paths
11.3 Rotors and Orbits
11.4 Combining Paths and Orbits
11.6 The Moog AniMoog® Anisotropic Synthesizer
11.6 VectorSynth and AniSynth Path Modes
11.7 The Vector Joystick and JS Program in RackAFX
11.8 The Vector Joystick in VST3
11.9 The Vector Joystick in AU
11.10 Programming a Vector Path: VST3 and AU
11.11 Vector Synth Specifications
11.12 The CVectorSynthVoice Object
11.13 Vector Synth Files
11.14 VectorSynth: RackAFX
11.15 VectorSynth: VST3
11.16 VectorSynth: AU
11.17 AniSynth
11.18 AniSynth Secifications
11.19 The CAniSynthVoice Object
11.20 AniSynth Files
11.21 AniSynth: RackAFX, VST3 and AU
11.22 Challenges


12 DXSynth: FM Synthesizer
12.1 FM and PM Theory
12.2 FM Spectra
12.3 FM/PM Rules
12.4 Dynamic Spectra
12.5 DXSynth Specifications
12.6 FM and PM in Oscillator Objects
12.7 Yamaha DX100® vs. DXSynth
12.8 The CDXSynthVoice Object
12.9 DXSynth Files
12.10 DXSynth: RackAFX
12.11 DXSynth: VST3
12.12 DXSynth: AU
12.13 Challenges


13 Delay Effects
13.1 Circular Buffers
13.2 Delay Effect Topologies
13.3 The CDelayLine Object
13.4 The CStereoDelayFX Object
13.5 Using the CStereoDelayFX Object in your Plug-Ins
13.6 MiniSynth + FX: RackAFX
13.7 MiniSynth + FX: VST3
13.8 MiniSynth + FX: AU
13.9 Challenges

Appendix A
A.1 Converting the VST3 Template Synth (9 Steps)
A.2 Converting the AU Template Synth (10 Steps)

Über Autor(innen)

Will Pirkle is an Assistant Professor of Music Engineering Technology at the University of Miami Frost School of Music and is the author of Designing Audio Effects Plug-Ins in C++. He teaches classes in C++ Audio Programming, Signal Processing and Audio Synthesis Theory, and Mobile App Programming. In addition to ten years of teaching at the University of Miami, Mr. Pirkle has twenty years of experience in the audio industry working and consulting for such names as Korg Research and Development, SiriusXM Radio, Diamond Multimedia, Gibson Musical Instruments, and National Semiconductor Corporation. An avid guitarist and studio owner, Mr. Pirkle still seeks projects that combine all his skills. www.willpirkle.com