Savino / Turvey Rape Investigation Handbook

2. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-386030-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 584 Seiten

Rape Investigation Handbook details specific investigative and forensic processes related to sex crimes casework invaluable to those in law enforcement, the legal community, and the private sector. It takes the reader through these processes in a logical sequence, showing how investigations of rape and sexual assault can and should be conducted from start to finish. The second edition is reorganized to flow from the alleged assault to a courtroom trial. Section heads have been introduced and it includes six new chapters on sex crimes, sex trafficking, forensic victimology, eyewitness reports, rape trauma syndrome and rapist motivations. The remaining 12 chapters are entirely overhauled and in some cases completely rewritten by new, highly qualified contributors, such as 'Sexual Assault Examination and Reconstruction' by Brent E. Turvey and Charla Jamerson and 'Rapist Motivations' by Brent E. Turvey and Jodi Freeman. An additional appendix was added to provide current case studies. - Includes six new chapters on sex crimes, sex trafficking, forensic victimology, eyewitness reports, rape trauma syndrome and rapist motivations - Written in a clear, practical style, ideal for sex crime investigators including: professionals in forensic nursing, forensic laboratories, law enforcement and the legal community - Authored by qualified investigators and forensic professionals with over 30 years of collective experience working cases, preparing them for court and offering testimony

Autoren/Hrsg.

Savino, John O.

Turvey, Brent E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Rape Investigation Handbook;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
5.1;The Central Park Jogger Case;11
5.2;The Manhattan Special Victims Squad;12
5.3;DNA Advances and Matias Reyes;13
5.4;My Last Case;14
5.5;Rape Investigation Handbook, Second Edition;17
5.6;References;18
6;Foreword to the First Edition;20
7;Preface to the First Edition: The Role of the Sex Crimes Investigator;22
7.1;The Essential Qualities;24
7.2;Working Cases;25
7.3;References;26
8;Acknowledgments;28
9;About the Authors;30
9.1;Jodi Freeman, M.Crim.;30
9.2;Charla M. Jamerson, BSN, R.N., MNS, SANE-A, CMI, III;30
9.3;Michael McGrath, M.D.;30
9.4;Stephen M. Pittel, Ph.D.;31
9.5;Detective Alan Sandomir, NYPD;31
9.6;Detective John O. Savino, NYPD (retired 2007);32
9.7;Laila Spina, Psy.D.;33
9.8;Brent E. Turvey, M.S.;33
10;Section I. An Introduction to Sex Crimes;34
10.1;Chapter 1. Sex Crimes: An Overview;36
10.1.1;What is a Sex Crime?;37
10.1.2;The Historical View;37
10.1.3;Consent;39
10.1.3.1;Age;39
10.1.3.2;Drugs and Alcohol;39
10.1.3.3;Physical or Mental Disability;41
10.1.4;Types of Sex Crimes;41
10.1.4.1;Rape/Sexual Assault;41
10.1.4.2;Child Molestation;42
10.1.4.3;Sexual Coercion;44
10.1.4.4;Bestiality;45
10.1.4.5;Voyeurism;46
10.1.4.6;Fetish Burglary;47
10.1.4.7;Necrophilia;48
10.1.4.8;Prostitution/Soliciting/Sex Trafficking;50
10.1.5;Female Sex Offenders;52
10.1.6;Sex Crimes and Communications Technology;54
10.1.6.1;Virtual Worlds and Exploitation;54
10.1.6.2;“Sexting” as a Crime;57
10.1.7;Summary;58
10.1.8;Questions;59
10.1.9;References;59
10.2;Chapter 2. Rape and Sexual Assault;62
10.2.1;Definitions;62
10.2.1.1;Legal Definitions;63
10.2.1.1.1;Alaska;63
10.2.1.1.2;California;65
10.2.1.1.3;New York;66
10.2.1.1.4;North Carolina;67
10.2.1.1.5;Oregon;68
10.2.1.2;Clinical Definitions;68
10.2.1.3;Sociopolitical Definitions;69
10.2.1.3.1;Legislating Belief: “Rape Staircase” Laws and Funding Abortion;69
10.2.1.4;Extreme Definitions;70
10.2.1.5;Moral Definitions;70
10.2.2;Statistics;72
10.2.2.1;Crime Data;72
10.2.2.2;Clearance Rates;74
10.2.2.3;Behind the Numbers: Crime Data Manipulation;75
10.2.2.3.1;Downgrading and/or Misclassifying;75
10.2.2.3.2;Unfounding;78
10.2.2.3.3;Discouraging;79
10.2.3;Rape Myths;81
10.2.3.1;Offender Myths;81
10.2.3.1.1;Myth: Uncontrollable Sexual Desire;81
10.2.3.1.2;Myth: The Stranger;82
10.2.3.1.3;Myth: The Loner;82
10.2.3.1.4;Myth: Females Cannot Commit Rape or Sexual Assault;83
10.2.3.2;Victim Myths;83
10.2.3.3;Common Victim Reactions to Sexual Assault;85
10.2.4;Conclusion;86
10.2.5;Summary;87
10.2.6;Questions;87
10.2.7;References;87
10.3;Chapter 3. Sex Trafficking: A Culture of Rape;90
10.3.1;Definitions;90
10.3.2;Types of Sex Workers;91
10.3.3;Statistics;92
10.3.4;Predispositions;93
10.3.5;Recruitment;98
10.3.5.1;The Con;99
10.3.5.2;Indentured Servitude;101
10.3.5.3;Kidnapping;102
10.3.6;Retention;103
10.3.7;Sex Workers and Sexual Assault;106
10.3.8;Easy Prey;107
10.3.9;Voluntary Sex Workers: An Investigative Resource;107
10.3.9.1;Sex Workers and False Reports;108
10.3.9.2;Sex Workers as a Source of Intelligence;108
10.3.10;The Law Enforcement Response;112
10.3.11;Summary;113
10.3.12;Questions;113
10.3.13;References;114
11;Section II. Investigative Response;116
11.1;Chapter 4. The First Investigative Response;118
11.1.1;Professional Responsibilities;118
11.1.1.1;Duty of Care;121
11.1.1.2;Primary Responsibilities;122
11.1.1.3;Investigative Duties;123
11.1.2;Know Your Law: Criminal Codes and Probable Cause;127
11.1.2.1;Criminal Codes;128
11.1.2.2;Probable Cause;128
11.1.2.3;The Fourth Amendment;129
11.1.2.3.1;Mere Suspicion;130
11.1.2.3.1.1;Example of “Mere Suspicion”;130
11.1.2.3.2;Reasonable Suspicion;130
11.1.2.3.2.1;Example of “Reasonable Suspicion”;130
11.1.2.3.3;Probable Cause;131
11.1.2.3.3.1;Example of “Probable Cause”;131
11.1.3;Know Your People;131
11.1.3.1;Duties of the First Responder;131
11.1.3.2;Attitude and Confidence;132
11.1.3.3;Leadership;133
11.1.4;Know Your Crime Lab;133
11.1.4.1;Forensic Scientists;133
11.1.4.2;Response Procedures;136
11.1.4.3;Collection Procedures;137
11.1.4.4;Backlogs;138
11.1.5;Investigator’s Essential Equipment;143
11.1.6;Summary;143
11.1.7;Questions;144
11.1.8;References;144
11.2;Chapter 5. Investigative Crime Scene Management;146
11.2.1;Establishing the Hierarchy: A Needs Assessment;146
11.2.1.1;Patrol Unit;147
11.2.1.2;Anti-crime Unit;147
11.2.1.3;Burglary Unit;147
11.2.1.4;Robbery Unit;147
11.2.1.5;Gang Unit;148
11.2.1.6;Vice Unit;148
11.2.1.7;Narcotics Unit;148
11.2.1.8;Sex Crimes/Special Victims Unit;148
11.2.1.9;Sex Offender Monitoring Unit;149
11.2.1.10;Homicide Unit;149
11.2.1.11;Major Case Unit;149
11.2.1.12;Crime Scene/Evidence Unit;149
11.2.1.13;Cold Case Unit;149
11.2.2;Checklists and the Criminal Investigator;152
11.2.3;Preconceived Theories;152
11.2.4;Scene Management Protocols;154
11.2.4.1;Attending the Crime Scene;154
11.2.4.2;National Institute of Justice Guidelines;156
11.2.4.2.1;First Responding Officer;157
11.2.4.2.2;Taking Charge;157
11.2.4.2.3;Preliminary Survey and Walkthrough;158
11.2.4.2.4;Hand Out Assignments;158
11.2.4.2.5;Identifying and Collecting Potential Evidence;158
11.2.4.3;Crime Scene Dos and Don’ts;159
11.2.5;Communication;161
11.2.6;Dealing With the Bosses;164
11.2.7;The Media;164
11.2.7.1;Media Cooperation;165
11.2.7.2;Public Image;168
11.2.7.3;Shutting Down the Media;168
11.2.8;Summary;169
11.2.9;Questions;170
11.2.10;References;170
11.3;Chapter 6. Crime Scene Investigation in Sexual Assaults;172
11.3.1;Crime Scene Investigation;173
11.3.2;Crime Scenes;173
11.3.2.1;Point of Contact;174
11.3.2.2;Primary Crime Scene;175
11.3.2.3;Secondary Crime Scene;176
11.3.2.4;Intermediate Crime Scene;176
11.3.2.5;Dumpsite/Disposal Site;176
11.3.2.6;Locating Crime Scenes;178
11.3.2.7;Crime Scene Searches;178
11.3.3;Crime Scene Processing;179
11.3.3.1;Duty of Care;180
11.3.3.2;Security;180
11.3.3.3;Chain of Custody;181
11.3.3.3.1;Creating the Chain;181
11.3.3.3.2;Evidence Dynamics;183
11.3.3.3.3;Spoliation of Evidence;183
11.3.3.4;Evidence Recognition;184
11.3.3.5;Evidence: What Is It?;184
11.3.3.5.1;Macroscopic, Latent, and Microscopic Evidence;184
11.3.3.5.2;Preconceived Theories;185
11.3.3.6;Evidence Documentation;185
11.3.3.6.1;Photography;186
11.3.3.6.2;Sketching;187
11.3.3.7;Evidence Collection and Preservation;189
11.3.3.7.1;Evidence Technicians and Technology;189
11.3.3.7.2;Cross-Contamination;189
11.3.3.7.3;Recognition and Collection of Fingerprints;190
11.3.3.7.4;Biological Material;192
11.3.3.7.5;Buccal Swabs;193
11.3.3.7.6;Luminol: The Limitations of Presumptive Blood Testing;194
11.3.3.7.7;Evidence Storage;196
11.3.3.8;Evidence Transportation;196
11.3.3.9;Myths;196
11.3.4;Victims And Suspects;198
11.3.5;Reconstruction;198
11.3.6;Crime Scene Analysis;198
11.3.7;Forensic Relevance;201
11.3.7.1;Corpus Delicti;201
11.3.7.2;Modus Operandi;202
11.3.7.3;Signature Behavior;202
11.3.7.4;Linking the Suspect to the Victim;203
11.3.7.5;Linking a Person to a Crime Scene;203
11.3.7.6;Disproving or Supporting Witness Testimony;203
11.3.7.7;Identification of Suspects;204
11.3.7.8;Providing Investigative Leads;204
11.3.8;Summary;205
11.3.9;Questions;206
11.3.10;References;206
11.4;Chapter 7. Interviewing Suspects and Victims;208
11.4.1;Goals;208
11.4.2;Victim-Specific Issues;209
11.4.2.1;Taking Time;209
11.4.2.2;Victim Comfort;209
11.4.2.3;Uncooperative Victims;210
11.4.2.4;The Wrong Place and the Wrong Time;210
11.4.3;Preinterview Considerations;210
11.4.3.1;Background Information;210
11.4.3.2;Background and the Preliminary Victim Interview;211
11.4.3.3;Time and Location of the Follow-Up Interview;212
11.4.4;Documenting the Interview;214
11.4.4.1;Memory;214
11.4.4.2;Notes;214
11.4.4.3;Virtual Statements by the Investigator;214
11.4.4.4;Written Accounts from the Victim;214
11.4.4.5;Audio Recordings;215
11.4.4.6;The Audio Inhibition Fallacy;215
11.4.4.7;Video Recording;215
11.4.5;General Interview Guidelines;216
11.4.6;Frame-By-Frame Analysis: An Interview Technique;217
11.4.6.1;FFA History;217
11.4.6.2;Use;218
11.4.6.3;Goals;219
11.4.6.4;Pre-FFA Victim Interview;219
11.4.6.5;Advocates and Counselors;220
11.4.6.6;The FFA Follow-Up;221
11.4.6.6.1;FFA: Part 1;221
11.4.6.6.2;FFA: Part 2;221
11.4.6.7;Body Language;222
11.4.7;Suspect Interviews;224
11.4.7.1;Miranda Warnings;224
11.4.7.2;Know What You Need;225
11.4.7.3;Get the Suspect’s Version;225
11.4.7.4;Plan to Fail;225
11.4.7.5;Suspect Interview Guidelines;226
11.4.7.6;Closure;227
11.4.7.7;Television Behavior;229
11.4.8;Interviewing Children;229
11.4.8.1;Parents;229
11.4.8.2;Building Rapport;230
11.4.8.3;Guidelines for Interviewing Children;230
11.4.8.4;Basic and Contact Questions;231
11.4.8.5;Young Male Victims;231
11.4.9;Detecting Deception: the Polygraph;232
11.4.10;False Confessions;234
11.4.11;Summary;237
11.4.12;Questions;238
11.4.13;References;238
12;Section III. The Victim;240
12.1;Chapter 8. Forensic Victimology in Cases of Sexual Assault;242
12.1.1;Forensic Victimology;243
12.1.2;Victim Blame;246
12.1.2.1;Myths of Victim Culpability and Provocation;246
12.1.2.2;“Unrapeable” Victims;249
12.1.2.3;Fighting Back and Psychological Illiteracy;250
12.1.2.4;The Cumulative Effect;251
12.1.3;Victimology Guidelines;254
12.1.3.1;Personal Package;255
12.1.3.2;Digital Package;255
12.1.3.3;Residence Package;256
12.1.3.4;Relationship Package;256
12.1.3.5;Employment Package;257
12.1.3.6;Financial Package;257
12.1.3.7;Medical Package;258
12.1.3.8;Court Package;258
12.1.3.9;Creating a Timeline: The Last 24 Hours;259
12.1.3.10;Behavioral Interview;259
12.1.4;Summary;260
12.1.5;Questions;261
12.1.6;References;261
12.2;Chapter 9. Eyewitness Reports, Identifications, and Testimony;264
12.2.1;Best Investigative Practice;264
12.2.2;A History Of Unreliability;266
12.2.3;The Problem Of Memory;267
12.2.3.1;Weapon Focus;268
12.2.3.2;Facial Recognition;268
12.2.3.3;Stress;269
12.2.3.4;Witness Confidence;269
12.2.3.5;Showups;269
12.2.3.6;Lineups;270
12.2.3.6.1;New Jersey;272
12.2.3.6.2;The Mecklenburg Study;272
12.2.4;Probable Cause;273
12.2.5;Case Examples;274
12.2.5.1;Eddie McDonald;274
12.2.5.1.1;Calvin Johnson;277
12.2.5.1.2;Jerry Miller;278
12.2.6;Summary;279
12.2.7;Questions;280
12.2.8;References;280
12.3;Chapter 10. Rape Trauma Syndrome and the Investigation of Sexual Assault;284
12.3.1;DSM-IV-TR Trauma Diagnoses;285
12.3.1.1;Types of Trauma;285
12.3.1.2;Criticisms of PTSD: Diagnostic Overlap;286
12.3.2;Rape Trauma Syndrome;287
12.3.2.1;The Diversity of Rape;287
12.3.2.2;Specific Problems with RTS;287
12.3.2.3;Diagnosing RTS;288
12.3.2.4;Continued Support for RTS;289
12.3.3;Rape Trauma Syndrome In Courts;290
12.3.3.1;Rape Trauma Syndrome in Criminal Cases;290
12.3.3.1.1;State v. Saldana;290
12.3.3.1.2;State v. McGee;290
12.3.3.1.3;State v. Marks;291
12.3.3.1.4;State v. Allewalt;291
12.3.3.1.5;United States v. Carter;291
12.3.3.1.6;People v. Taylor/Banks;291
12.3.3.1.7;People v. Bennett;291
12.3.3.1.8;Keila Pulinario;292
12.3.3.1.9;Stephen Hernandez;293
12.3.3.2;Rape Trauma Syndrome in Civil Cases;294
12.3.3.2.1;White v. Violent Crimes Compensation Board;294
12.3.3.2.2;Redmond v. Baxley;295
12.3.3.2.3;In the Matter of Pittsburgh Action against Rape;295
12.3.3.2.4;Case Example: PTSD in a Civil Case;295
12.3.3.2.5;The Report of Greg Cooper;296
12.3.3.2.6;The Report of Ann Burgess;297
12.3.4;Summary;299
12.3.5;Questions;299
12.3.6;References;299
12.4;Chapter 11. False Allegations of Sexual Assault;302
12.4.1;False Reports;303
12.4.2;Historical Context;303
12.4.3;The Law Enforcement Response;306
12.4.4;Frequency of Cases;307
12.4.4.1;The 2% Myth;307
12.4.4.2;Published Research;309
12.4.5;Motivations;310
12.4.5.1;Profit;310
12.4.5.2;Anger and Revenge;310
12.4.5.3;Crime Concealment;312
12.4.5.4;Concealment of Illicit Activities;312
12.4.5.5;Mitigation of Responsibility;313
12.4.5.6;Mental Defect—A Contributing Motivational Factor;315
12.4.6;Identifying False Reports;317
12.4.6.1;Lies;317
12.4.6.2;Victim History;318
12.4.6.3;Victim Interview;318
12.4.6.4;Red Flags;319
12.4.7;Duke University Lacrosse Team Case;320
12.4.8;Summary;324
12.4.9;Questions;324
12.4.10;References;324
13;Section IV. Physical Evidence;326
13.1;Chapter 12. Sexual Assault Examination and Reconstruction;328
13.1.1;The Role of Reconstruction;328
13.1.2;Forensic Nursing;329
13.1.2.1;Time Constraints;330
13.1.2.2;Consent Forms;331
13.1.2.3;The Intake Form;332
13.1.3;Sexual Assault Examination Protocols;334
13.1.3.1;History;334
13.1.3.1.1;Rationale;334
13.1.3.1.2;Collecting History;336
13.1.3.2;Physical Examination: Head to Toe;337
13.1.3.3;National Institute of Justice Guidelines: Forensic Medical Examination and Evidence Collection Procedures;338
13.1.3.4;Full Body Photos;342
13.1.3.5;Physical Injuries;343
13.1.3.6;Bruise and Other Injury Patterns;344
13.1.3.6.1;Inner Thighs;344
13.1.3.6.2;Physical Restraint and Bindings;345
13.1.3.6.3;Hands and Forearms;346
13.1.3.6.4;Neck;346
13.1.3.6.5;Knees;349
13.1.3.6.6;Breasts;349
13.1.3.6.7;Aging Bruises;350
13.1.3.7;Genital Examination;350
13.1.4;Evidence of Sexual Activity;352
13.1.4.1;Semen and Sperm;352
13.1.4.1.1;Acid Phosphatase;353
13.1.4.1.2;P30;353
13.1.4.1.3;Sperm;353
13.1.4.1.4;DNA;353
13.1.4.2;Saliva;354
13.1.4.3;Fecal Matter;354
13.1.4.4;Condoms;354
13.1.5;Clothing;354
13.1.6;False Positives: Conditions that Mimic Abuse;355
13.1.7;Toxicology;356
13.1.7.1;Mental Incapacity;356
13.1.7.2;Substance Abuse;357
13.1.8;Presentation of Findings;357
13.1.9;Summary;358
13.1.10;Questions;359
13.1.11;References;359
13.2;Chapter 13. Investigating Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault;362
13.2.1;Introduction;362
13.2.2;Unique Features of the Crime;364
13.2.2.1;Drug Use and Effects;364
13.2.2.2;Victim Participation;365
13.2.2.3;Perpetrator Motives and Behavior;366
13.2.2.4;The Social Context;367
13.2.3;Investigation of Drug-Facilitated Acquaintance Rape;368
13.2.4;“Date-Rape” Drugs;370
13.2.4.1;Rohypnol;370
13.2.4.1.1;Background;370
13.2.4.1.2;Common Names;371
13.2.4.1.3;Appearance;371
13.2.4.1.4;Uses;371
13.2.4.1.5;Effects;371
13.2.4.1.6;Toxicology;372
13.2.4.1.7;Legal Status;372
13.2.4.2;?-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB);373
13.2.4.2.1;Background;373
13.2.4.2.2;Common Names;373
13.2.4.2.3;Appearance;373
13.2.4.2.4;Uses;374
13.2.4.2.5;Effects;374
13.2.4.2.6;Toxicology;374
13.2.4.2.7;Legal Status;374
13.2.5;Summary;375
13.2.6;Questions;376
13.2.7;References;376
13.3;Chapter 14. DNA: Investigative Applications;378
13.3.1;DNA and Criminal Investigation;379
13.3.2;Cold Case Investigation;380
13.3.3;CODIS;382
13.3.3.1;Access to CODIS;382
13.3.3.2;The CODIS Population;382
13.3.3.3;CODIS Utility;383
13.3.4;The Evidence Trail;383
13.3.5;DNA Dragnets;386
13.3.6;DNA Sources;388
13.3.6.1;Sexual Assault Protocols;388
13.3.6.2;The Crime Scene;388
13.3.6.2.1;Do not …;388
13.3.6.2.2;Evidence Collection;388
13.3.6.2.3;Ultraviolet Lighting;389
13.3.6.3;Obvious Sources of DNA;390
13.3.6.4;The Condom Conundrum;390
13.3.6.5;Saliva;392
13.3.6.6;Sweat and Other Excretions;393
13.3.6.7;Hair and Trace Skin;394
13.3.6.8;Touch DNA;394
13.3.6.9;DNA with Latent Fingerprint Collection;395
13.3.6.10;Fetal Tissue as Evidence;396
13.3.6.11;Abandonment Samples;396
13.3.6.12;Familial DNA;397
13.3.7;Confounding Issues in DNA Testing;398
13.3.7.1;Acquaintance Rape;398
13.3.7.2;Secondary Evidence Transfer;399
13.3.7.3;Mixed Profiles;399
13.3.7.4;Partial DNA Profiles;400
13.3.7.5;Fused Embryos;400
13.3.7.6;Bone Marrow Transplants;400
13.3.8;General Types of DNA Linkages;401
13.3.8.1;DNA Hot Hit;401
13.3.8.2;DNA Case-to-Case Match/Offender Identified (Through Non-CODIS Means);401
13.3.8.3;DNA Case-to-Case Match/Offender Not Identified;403
13.3.8.4;DNA Cold Hit;404
13.3.8.5;DNA Warm Hit;404
13.3.9;Indicting “John Doe”;405
13.3.10;DNA Defenses;407
13.3.10.1;“It Wasn’t Me. You Got the Wrong Guy”;407
13.3.10.2;“It Was Consensual”;407
13.3.10.3;“Yeah, I Did It Just the Way You Said I Did”;409
13.3.11;The Future of DNA;409
13.3.12;Summary;410
13.3.13;Questions;411
13.3.14;References;411
14;Section V. The Offender;412
14.1;Chapter 15. Rapist Motivations;414
14.1.1;The Importance of Motive;415
14.1.2;Motive vs Intent;416
14.1.3;Theories of Motive;416
14.1.3.1;Theories of Rape;418
14.1.3.2;Developmental Issues;419
14.1.3.3;The Role of Fantasy;419
14.1.4;Behavioral–Motivational Typology;420
14.1.4.1;Power Reassurance (a.k.a. Compensatory);421
14.1.4.1.1;Verbal Behavior;421
14.1.4.1.2;Sexual Behavior;421
14.1.4.1.3;Physical Behavior;422
14.1.4.1.4;Modus Operandi Behavior;422
14.1.4.1.5;Signature Behavior;422
14.1.4.2;Power Assertive (a.k.a. Entitlement);424
14.1.4.2.1;Verbal Behavior;424
14.1.4.2.2;Sexual Behavior;424
14.1.4.2.3;Physical Behavior;424
14.1.4.2.4;Modus Operandi Behavior;425
14.1.4.2.5;Signature Behavior;425
14.1.4.3;Anger Retaliatory (a.k.a. Anger or Displaced);425
14.1.4.3.1;Verbal Behavior;425
14.1.4.3.2;Sexual Behavior;426
14.1.4.3.3;Physical Behavior;427
14.1.4.3.4;Modus Operandi Behavior;427
14.1.4.3.5;Signature Behavior;427
14.1.4.4;Sadistic (a.k.a. Anger Excitation);429
14.1.4.4.1;Verbal Behavior;429
14.1.4.4.2;Sexual Behavior;429
14.1.4.4.3;Physical Behavior;430
14.1.4.4.4;Modus Operandi Behavior;430
14.1.4.4.5;Signature Behavior;430
14.1.4.5;Administrative (a.k.a. Instrumental);432
14.1.4.5.1;Goal-Directed Behaviors;432
14.1.4.5.2;Profit-Oriented Behaviors;432
14.1.4.5.3;Verbal Behavior;432
14.1.4.5.4;Sexual Behavior;432
14.1.4.5.5;Physical Behavior;432
14.1.4.5.6;Modus Operandi Behavior;432
14.1.4.5.7;Signature Behaviors;433
14.1.5;Psychological Crime Scene Tape;433
14.1.6;Contributing Motivational Factors;434
14.1.7;Summary;435
14.1.8;Questions;435
14.1.9;References;436
14.2;Chapter 16. Rapist Modus Operandi and Signature;438
14.2.1;Stages of Rape;439
14.2.1.1;Targeting;439
14.2.1.2;Testing (a.k.a. Approach);439
14.2.1.3;Threatening;439
14.2.1.4;Sexual Assault;440
14.2.1.5;Termination;440
14.2.2;Modus Operandi;440
14.2.2.1;Elements of Modus Operandi;441
14.2.2.2;Planning/Preparation;442
14.2.2.3;Precautionary Acts;444
14.2.2.4;Opportunistic Elements;445
14.2.2.5;Influences on Modus Operandi;446
14.2.2.5.1;Fortifying Factors;446
14.2.2.5.2;Destabilizing Factors;447
14.2.2.5.3;X-Factors;447
14.2.3;Offender Signature;450
14.2.3.1;Repetition;450
14.2.3.2;Distinguishing MO and Signature Behavior;450
14.2.4;Items Taken;451
14.2.4.1;Evidentiary Items;451
14.2.4.2;Valuables;451
14.2.4.3;Personal Items;452
14.2.4.4;Modus Operandi and Signature in Fetish Burglary;453
14.2.5;Victim/Target Selection;454
14.2.5.1;Target Location;454
14.2.5.2;Victim Selection;455
14.2.5.3;Exploitation of Trust;456
14.2.6;Offender Departure Strategies;459
14.2.7;Conclusion;460
14.2.8;Summary;461
14.2.9;Questions;461
14.2.10;References;462
14.3;Chapter 17. Investigating Serial Rape;464
14.3.1;Defining Serial Rape;464
14.3.2;Identifying Serial Rape Patterns;465
14.3.2.1;Failure to Connect;465
14.3.2.2;Case Linkage;468
14.3.2.2.1;Behavioral Dissimilarity;469
14.3.2.2.2;Investigative Linkage;470
14.3.2.2.3;Behavioral Commonality;470
14.3.2.2.4;Probative Link;470
14.3.2.3;Public Safety and Awareness;471
14.3.3;The Typical Serial Rapist;474
14.3.4;Identifying Serial Rapists;477
14.3.5;Catching Serial Rapists;480
14.3.5.1;Leadership;480
14.3.5.2;Task Force;480
14.3.5.3;Crime Scenes;481
14.3.5.4;Case Dump;482
14.3.5.5;Victim Updates;482
14.3.5.6;Suspect Photo ID Database;482
14.3.5.7;Task Force Meetings;483
14.3.5.8;Evidence Chart;483
14.3.5.9;Rape Kits;483
14.3.5.10;Chart of Items Worn and Taken;485
14.3.5.11;Victimology;485
14.3.5.12;Managing Suspects;485
14.3.5.13;Fame and Glory;486
14.3.5.14;Fresh Eyes;486
14.3.5.15;Using the Media;487
14.3.6;Criminal Profiling;492
14.3.7;Summary;493
14.3.8;Questions;494
14.3.9;References;494
14.4;Chapter 18. Sex Crimes on Trial;496
14.4.1;Responsibility To The Case;496
14.4.2;Ethics;497
14.4.3;Investigative Report Writing;499
14.4.4;The Prosecutor;500
14.4.4.1;Reasonable Doubt;500
14.4.4.2;Prosecutorial Options;501
14.4.4.3;In the Absence of Physical Evidence …;502
14.4.4.4;The Impact of Myths at Trial;503
14.4.4.5;Working with the Prosecutor’s Office;503
14.4.5;The Defense;504
14.4.5.1;No Sexual Penetration;504
14.4.5.2;Mistaken Identity;506
14.4.5.2.1;Proper Suspect Identification;507
14.4.5.2.2;Lineups;507
14.4.5.2.2.1;Herman Atkins;512
14.4.5.3;The Consent Case;513
14.4.6;Lead Investigator’S Court-Ready Guidelines;516
14.4.7;Testimony And Court Appearance;517
14.4.8;Conclusion;519
14.4.9;Summary;519
14.4.10;Questions;520
14.4.11;References;521
15;Appendix I. OCJP 923: Forensic Medical Report;522
16;Appendix II. OCJP 950: Forensic Medical Report;532
17;Appendix III. People v. Oliver Jovanovic: From Cybersex to Sexual Assault Allegations;538
17.1;What Happened?;539
17.2;Assessing The Allegation;541
17.2.1;Behavioral Analysis;543
17.2.2;Linguistic Analysis;545
17.2.3;Physical Evidence Analysis;550
17.3;Summary;551
17.4;References;551
18;Appendix IV. Forensic Case Studies: False Reports of Sexual Assault;552
18.1;California v. A.B.;553
18.2;Findings;554
18.3;Discussion;554
18.4;References;556
18.5;Oregon v. Kevin Driscoll;557
18.5.1;Purpose;557
18.5.2;Crime Reconstruction;557
18.5.3;Victim History;559
18.5.4;Materials Examined;560
18.5.5;Findings;562
18.5.6;Discussion of Findings;562
18.6;References;567
19;Glossary;568
20;Subject Index;576
20.1;A;576
20.2;B;576
20.3;C;576
20.4;D;577
20.5;E;578
20.6;F;578
20.7;G;578
20.8;H;578
20.9;I;579
20.10;K;579
20.11;L;579
20.12;M;579
20.13;N;580
20.14;O;580
20.15;P;580
20.16;R;580
20.17;S;581
20.18;T;582
20.19;U;582
20.20;V;582
20.21;W;582
20.22;Z;582