Saxena Hazard Assessment of Chemicals

Current Developments
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6189-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 376 Seiten, Web PDF

Hazard Assessment of Chemicals: Current Developments, Volume 2 contains authoritative articles, which provide a comprehensive review and evaluation of important information on chemical spills, and presents case studies that show the applications of methods and approaches to environmental and health hazard assessment of chemicals. The book is comprised of five subject reviews and two case studies of chemical spills. Experts tackle subjects on the use of simulation models to determine pollutant behavior and pollutant migration; use of microcosms to assess chemical effects on the properties of aquatic ecosystems; and metabolism and disposition of potentially hazardous chemicals in maternal-embryonic/fetal systems. Epidemiological approaches to chemical hazard assessment and a review of The National Toxicology Program (NTP) in the Department of Health and Human Services are also presented. Environmentalists, ecologists, toxicologists, public safety officers and workers, and those concerned with the health effects of chemical agents in the environment will find this text invaluable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Saxena, Jitendra

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Hazard Assessment of Chemicals Current Developments;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;12
7;Contents of Volume 1;14
8;Chapter 1. Use of Models for Assessing Relative Volatility, Mobility, and Persistence of Pesticides and Other Trace Organics in Soil Systems;16
8.1;I. Introduction;17
8.2;II. Pathways of Pesticide Loss in Soil;18
8.3;III. Benchmark Properties Needed to Predict Pesticide Loss from Soils;24
8.4;IV. Theory;27
8.5;V. Chemicals and Properties Used in Screening Tests;32
8.6;VI. Results of Screening Tests;35
8.7;VII. Discussion;47
8.8;VIII. Limitations of Screening Model;51
8.9;IX. Application to Other Chemicals;53
8.10;X. Summary and Conclusions;53
8.11;List of Symbols;54
8.12;References;55
9;Chapter 2. Microcosms for Assessment of Chemical Effects on the Properties of Aquatic Ecosystems;60
9.1;I. Introduction;61
9.2;II. Measurements of Aquatic Ecosystem Properties;62
9.3;III. Mixed-Culture Microcosms;66
9.4;IV. Pond Microcosms;76
9.5;V. Pelagic Microcosms;86
9.6;VI. Discussion;97
9.7;References;104
10;Chapter 3. Disposition of Chemical Contaminants in Maternal-Embryonic/ Fetal Systems;110
10.1;I. Introduction;111
10.2;II. Entrance of Chemicals into Maternal Circulatory Fluids;112
10.3;III. Transfer of Chemicals from Maternal Circulatory Fluids to Other Maternal Tissues and Organs;115
10.4;IV. Elimination of Chemicals from the Maternal Organism;122
10.5;V. Factors Affecting Transfer of Chemicals from Maternal Plasma to Embryonic/Fetal Tissues;138
10.6;VI. Disposition of Chemicals in the Embryo and Fetus;141
10.7;VII. Summary and Conclusions;145
10.8;References;145
11;Chapter 4. Epidemiologie Approaches to Chemical Hazard Assessment;148
11.1;I. Introduction;148
11.2;II. Developing Clues to Chemically Related Disease: Descriptive Approaches;150
11.3;III. Testing Etiologic Hypotheses: An Overview of Analytic Approaches;168
11.4;IV. Crucial Aspects of Environmental Study Design;176
11.5;V. Relating Measures of Dose to Measures of Response;193
11.6;VI. Conclusion;195
11.7;References;197
12;Chapter 5. The National Toxicology Program's Research and Testing Activities;206
12.1;I. Introduction;207
12.2;II. Program Components and Resources;209
12.3;III. Oversight and Review;210
12.4;IV. Program Organization and Management;212
12.5;V. Toxicology Research and Testing;214
12.6;VI. Chemical Nomination and Chemical Selection;247
12.7;VII. Information Generation and Dissemination;251
12.8;VIII. Future Directions;256
12.9;Selected References;257
13;Chapter 6. Accidental Release of Vinyl Chloride: The Train Derailment near MacGregor, Manitoba;260
13.1;I. Introduction;260
13.2;II. Chronology of the Accident;261
13.3;III. Sequence of Events. Analysis Based on the Physical/Chemical Properties of Vinyl Chloride;269
13.4;IV. Vinyl Chloride Toxicity;273
13.5;V. Analysis of Vinyl Chloride;274
13.6;VI. Guidelines Concerning Instructions for Action in the Event of an Accident;278
13.7;VII. GUIDELINES CONCERNING COMMUNICATIONS IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT;280
13.8;VIII. Conclusion;281
13.9;References;282
14;Chapter 7. Anatomy of a TCDD Spill: The Seveso Accident;284
14.1;I. Introduction;284
14.2;II. Chronology of the Accident;286
14.3;III. Cause of the Accident;290
14.4;IV. Evidence of TCDD Contamination and Assessment of the Risk to Humans;295
14.5;V. Medical Surveillance of the Exposed Population;310
14.6;VI. Rehabilitation of the Damaged Area;339
14.7;VII. Compensation for Damage to Environment and Property;347
14.8;VIII. Postaccident Analyses;348
14.9;References;350
15;Chemical Substance Index;358
16;Subject Index;364