Schneider / Rowe Handbook of the Biology of Aging

3. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7187-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 508 Seiten, Web PDF

Handbook of The Biology of Aging, Third Edition provides a general overview to a wide scientific audience of some of the most important topics in biomedical gerontology. The book discusses methodologies for biological aging studies and on animal models. Protein modifications with aging, special senses, circadian rhythms, and the adrenocortical axis are tacked in the book as well. Gerontologists, psychologists, health care professionals, and graduate students will find the book useful.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schneider, Edward L.

Rowe, John W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Handbook of the Biology of Aging;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;12
6;Foreword;16
7;Preface;18
8;Part One: Introduction to Aging;20
8.1;Chapter 1. Demography and Epidemiology of Aging in the United States;22
8.1.1;I. Introduction;22
8.1.2;II. Population Characteristics;24
8.1.3;III. Mortality;28
8.1.4;IV. Morbidity and Disability;33
8.1.5;V. Conclusions;40
8.1.6;References;40
8.2;Chapter
2. Aging in Protozoa;43
8.2.1;I. Background;43
8.2.2;II. Evolution of Longevity and Ciliates;45
8.2.3;III. Clonal Aging in Ciliates;47
8.2.4;IV. Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions;47
8.2.5;V. Cell Cycle Determination;50
8.2.6;VI. Molecular Biology of Ciliate Nuclear Differentiation;51
8.2.7;VII. Relation of DNA and RNA Processing to Aging;53
8.2.8;VIII. Environmental Alteration of Longevity;55
8.2.9;IX. Conclusions;57
8.2.10;References;58
8.3;Chapter
3. Caenorhabditis elegans Offers the Potential for Molecular Dissection of the Aging Processes;64
8.3.1;I. Introduction;64
8.3.2;II. Advantages for Aging;64
8.3.3;III. General Biology of Caenorhabditis elegans;67
8.3.4;IV. Age-Specific Changes: Biomarkers of Aging?;68
8.3.5;V. The Genetic Approach to the Study of Aging;71
8.3.6;VI. Summary and a Speculation;74
8.3.7;References;75
9;Part Two: Methodology for Biological Aging Studies;80
9.1;Chapter
4. Design, Conduct, and Analysis of Human Aging Research;82
9.1.1;I. Introduction;82
9.1.2;II. Methodological Issues in Clinical Studies;82
9.1.3;III. Methodological Issues in Studies with Human Tissues;88
9.1.4;IV. Conclusions;89
9.1.5;References;108
9.2;Chapter
5. Animal Models in Aging Research;91
9.2.1;I. Introduction;91
9.2.2;II. Criteria for Use of Mammalian Models for Aging Research;92
9.2.3;III. Rodents;94
9.2.4;IV. Carnivores;104
9.2.5;V. Nonhuman Primates;105
9.2.6;VI. Summary;107
9.2.7;References;108
10;Part Three: Molecular and Cellular Aging;114
10.1;Chapter
6. Alterations in Gene Expression with Aging;116
10.1.1;I. Transcription and Aging;116
10.1.2;II. Protein Synthesis and Degradation;122
10.1.3;III. Conclusions;126
10.1.4;References;127
10.2;Chapter 7. Modifications of Proteins and Nucleic Acids by Reducing Sugars: Possible Role in Aging;135
10.2.1;I. Introduction;135
10.2.2;II. Hemoglobin;136
10.2.3;III. Lens Crystallins;136
10.2.4;IV. Collagen;138
10.2.5;V. Chemistry;140
10.2.6;VI. Inhibition;142
10.2.7;VII. Receptors;142
10.2.8;VIII. DNA;145
10.2.9;IX. Discussion;146
10.2.10;References;147
10.3;Chapter
8. Aging at the Cellular Level: The Human Fibroblastlike Cell Model;150
10.3.1;I. Introduction;150
10.3.2;II. Growth Potential of Vertebrate Cells in Vitro;151
10.3.3;III. Relevance to in Vivo Aging;152
10.3.4;IV. The Phenotype of the Senescent Cell;153
10.3.5;V. Hypotheses of in Vitro Cellular Aging;156
10.3.6;VI. Concluding Remarks;164
10.3.7;References;165
11;Part Four: Physiology of Aging;174
11.1;Chapter
9. Aging and the Immune Response;176
11.1.1;I. Introduction;176
11.1.2;II. Lymphocyte Subpopulations;176
11.1.3;III. T-Lymphocyte Function;177
11.1.4;IV. T-Cell Activation Defects;179
11.1.5;V. B Lymphocytes;181
11.1.6;VI. Antigen-Presenting Cells;184
11.1.7;VII. Natural Cytotoxic Cells;185
11.1.8;VIII. Lymphopoiesis;185
11.1.9;IX. Autoreactivity;187
11.1.10;X. Regional Immunity;187
11.1.11;XI. Intervention;188
11.1.12;XII. Immune Function and Disease;188
11.1.13;References;190
11.2;Chapter
10. Heart and Circulation;200
11.2.1;I. Introduction;200
11.2.2;II. Interaction of Disease, Life-style, and Aging;200
11.2.3;III. The Effect of Adult Age on Cardiovascular Performance;201
11.2.4;IV. Summary;228
11.2.5;References;228
12;Part Five: Neurobiology;236
12.1;Chapter
11. Age-Related Changes in Synaptic Neurochemistry;238
12.1.1;I. Sources for This Review;238
12.1.2;II General Comments on the Neurochemistry of Aging;239
12.1.3;III. Summaries of the Age-Related Changes in Specific Neurotransmitter Systems;239
12.1.4;IV. Concluding Comments;243
12.1.5;References;269
12.2;Chapter
12. Synaptic Plasticity, Neurotrophic Factors, and Transplantation in the Aged Brain;274
12.2.1;I. Introduction;274
12.2.2;II. Axon Sprouting and Reactive Synaptogenesis;275
12.2.3;III. Neural Grafting (Transplantation) to Replace Lost Neurons;282
12.2.4;IV. Growth Factors (Neurotrophic Factors) Are Involved in the Natural Healing Processes of the Brain;284
12.2.5;V. Conclusions;289
12.2.6;References;289
12.3;Chapter
13. Circadian Rhythms and Aging;294
12.3.1;I. Introduction;294
12.3.2;II. Circadian Clocks in Mammalian Systems;295
12.3.3;III. Effects of Age on the Circadian Clock;298
12.3.4;IV. Significance;312
12.3.5;V. Summary and Conclusions;313
12.3.6;References;314
12.4;Chapter
14. Central Nervous System Disorders in Aging;325
12.4.1;I. Introduction;325
12.4.2;II. Syndromes;325
12.4.3;III. Specific Diseases;336
12.4.4;IV. Summary;344
12.4.5;References;344
12.5;Chapter
15. The Adrenocortical Axis;349
12.5.1;I. Introduction;349
12.5.2;II. The Adrenocortical Axis in the Aging Rat: Likely But Not Obligatory Dysfunction;350
12.5.3;III. Marsupial Mice: Elevated Glucocorticoid Exposureas a Mechanism for Programmed Aging;357
12.5.4;IV. Human Aging: The Potential for Adrenocortical Dysfunction;358
12.5.5;References;361
13;Part Six: Human Biology;366
13.1;Chapter
16. Pharmacology and Aging;368
13.1.1;I Introduction;368
13.1.2;II. General Aspects of Drug Use in the Elderly;368
13.1.3;III. Effects of Age on Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics;373
13.1.4;IV. Effects of Age on Pharmacodynamics;387
13.1.5;V. Conclusion;391
13.1.6;References;391
13.2;Chapter
17. Nutrition and Aging;403
13.2.1;I. Introduction;403
13.2.2;II. Animal Models;403
13.2.3;III. Nutritional Status of the Elderly;405
13.2.4;IV. Nutrient Requirements in Aging;410
13.2.5;V. Drug-Nutrient Interaction;416
13.2.6;References;417
13.3;Chapter
18. Physical Exercise in the Elderly;426
13.3.1;I. Introduction;426
13.3.2;II. Principles of Exercise Physiology;428
13.3.3;III. Influence of Physical Exercise on Specific Physiologic Systems;433
13.3.4;IV. Summary and Conclusions;442
13.3.5;References;442
13.4;Chapter
19. Chemical Senses and Aging;448
13.4.1;I. Introduction;448
13.4.2;II. Anatomy and Physiology;449
13.4.3;III. Neural Regeneration after Injury;451
13.4.4;IV. Taste and Smell Localization Is Illusory;451
13.4.5;V. Differences between Taste and Smell;452
13.4.6;VI. Taste and Aging;454
13.4.7;VII. Smell and Aging;456
13.4.8;VIII. Effects of Disease and Pathology on Olfaction;459
13.4.9;IX. Summary;460
13.4.10;References;460
14;Author Index;464
15;Subject Index;498