Schomacker / Krüger / Kjaer The Myrdalsjokull Ice Cap, Iceland

Glacial Processes, Sediments and Landforms on an Active Volcano
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-093200-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 219 Seiten

Lowland glaciers are usually considered the best analogs for formerly glaciated areas and as such, many Icelandic glaciers have been intensively investigated with regard to process-orientated sediment-landform interrelationships. The Mýrdalsjökull ice cap has, thus, served as an excellent 'ice-age laboratory.'  Furthermore, a substantial effort has been directed toward understanding the interaction between volcanic activity and glacier response, such as meltwater outbursts (jökulhlaups) and sudden events of rapidly flowing glacier ice. The book reviews the following themes related to Mýrdalsjökull: glaciology, glacial and quaternary geology, sedimentology, tephrochronology and eruption history of Katla, and crustal movements. All authors are involved in research about the subglacial Katla volcano and Mýrdalsjökull.
Book covers all aspects of the ice cap and volcano dynamicsComprehensive reviews with updated resultsEditors and authors are well established scientists with research experience from MyrdalsjokullStandard reference work for Myrdalsjokull

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schomacker, Anders

Krüger, Johannes

Kjaer, Kurt

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;The Mýrdalsjökull Ice Cap, Iceland. Glacial Processes, Sediments and Landforms on an Active Volcano;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;7
6;Preface;8
7;Chapter 1. The Mýrdalsjökull Ice Cap, Iceland: Glacial Processes, Sediments and Landforms on an Active Volcano: An Introduction;9
7.1;1.1. The Unique Geological Qualities of the Mýrdalsjökull Area;9
7.2;1.2. General Geology and Topography;10
7.3;1.3. Aim of This Book;11
8;Chapter 2. Katla and Eyjafjallajökull Volcanoes;13
8.1;2.1. Introduction;13
8.2;2.2. Tectonic Setting;13
8.3;2.3. Structure and Eruptive Products of the Volcanoes;14
8.4;2.4. Recent Unrest in Katla;16
8.5;2.5. Recent Unrest in Eyjafjallajökull;16
8.6;2.6. Earthquakes;16
8.7;2.7. Crustal Deformation;20
8.8;2.8. Discussion;26
8.9;Acknowledgements;27
8.10;References;27
9;Chapter 3. Katla: Tephrochronology and Eruption History;31
9.1;3.1. Introduction;31
9.2;3.2. Geological Setting;31
9.3;3.3. Holocene Eruptions in the Katla Volcanic System;33
9.4;3.4. Jökulhlaups Associated with Eruptions in the KVS;47
9.5;3.5. Environmental Changes;47
9.6;3.6. Summary;54
9.7;Acknowledgement;54
9.8;References;54
10;Chapter 4. Deglaciation and Holocene Glacial History of Iceland;59
10.1;4.1. Introduction and Terminology;59
10.2;4.2. The Icelandic Ice Sheet at LGM (gt25.0cal. kyr BP);59
10.3;4.3. Bølling (15.4-13.9cal. kyr BP) Deglaciation and Relative Sea Level;59
10.4;4.4. Allerød (13.6-13.0cal. kyr BP) Environmental Developments;64
10.5;4.5. The Younger Dryas (13.0-11.5cal. kyr BP) Glacial and Climatic Event;65
10.6;4.6. Early Preboreal (11.5-10.1cal. kyr BP) Glaciation;66
10.7;4.7. Deglaciation of Central South Iceland;67
10.8;4.8. Relative Sea Level Changes;69
10.9;4.9. Holocene Glacier History;70
10.10;4.10. Pre-LIA Glacial History of the My´rdalsjökull Area;72
10.11;4.11. Little Ice Age Glacial History of the My´rdalsjökull Area;72
10.12;4.12. Summary and Conclusions;72
10.13;References;73
11;Chapter 5. Variations of Mýrdalsjökull during Postglacial and Historical Times;77
11.1;5.1. Introduction;77
11.2;5.2. Glacier Place Names;77
11.3;5.3. Causes of Changes in Glacier Mass;77
11.4;5.4. Postglacial Oscillations of Mýrdalsjökull;79
11.5;5.5. Debris Known as ’Jökull’;82
11.6;5.6. Tephra Horizons and Turnover Time of Ice Mass;82
11.7;5.7. Conclusions;85
11.8;References;85
12;Chapter 6. Ice-Marginal Environments: Geomorphic and Structural Genesis of Marginal Moraines at Mýrdalsjökull;87
12.1;6.1. Introduction;87
12.2;6.2. Ice-marginal moraine formation at Kötlujökull;87
12.3;6.3. Ice-marginal moraine formation at Sléttjökull;90
12.4;6.4. Neoglacial ice-marginal moraine ridges;104
12.5;6.5. Conclusions;109
12.6;Acknowledgements;110
12.7;References;110
13;Chapter 7. Dead-Ice Environments: A Landsystems Model for a Debris-Charged, Stagnant Lowland Glacier Margin, Kötlujökull;113
13.1;7.1. Introduction;113
13.2;7.2. Glacier Dynamics and Sources of Supraglacial Sediments;114
13.3;7.3. Stages of Dead-Ice Moraine Development;115
13.4;7.4. A Landsystems Model;126
13.5;7.5. Melting Rates Under Other Climate Conditions;127
13.6;7.6. Conclusions;132
13.7;References;132
14;Chapter 8. Subglacial Environments, Sediments and Landforms at the Margins of Mýrdalsjökull;135
14.1;8.1. Introduction;135
14.2;8.2. Study Areas;135
14.3;8.3. The Subglacial Environment;136
14.4;8.4. Subglacial Sediments and Landforms;140
14.5;8.5. A Marginal-Subglacial-Proglacial landsystem in front of Sléttjökull;150
14.6;8.6. Conclusions;150
14.7;Acknowledgements;151
14.8;References;151
15;Chapter 9. Evidence for Subglacial Deformation and Deposition during a Complete Advance-Stagnation Cycle of Kötlujökull, Iceland - A Case Study;153
15.1;9.1. Introduction;153
15.2;9.2. Setting;154
15.3;9.3. Methodology;154
15.4;9.4. The Geological Section;155
15.5;9.5. Description and Interpretation of the Facies Associations;156
15.6;9.6. Discussion;161
15.7;9.7. Event Stratigraphy;162
15.8;9.8. Conclusions;164
15.9;References;164
16;Chapter 10. Mýrdalsjökull’s Forefields Under the Microscope. The Micromorphology of Meltout and Subglacial Tills;167
16.1;10.1. Introduction;167
16.2;10.2. Micromorphology;167
16.3;10.3. Sample Sites;168
16.4;10.4. Samples;169
16.5;10.5. Description;171
16.6;10.6. Discussion;181
16.7;10.7. Conclusion;186
16.8;Acknowledgements;186
16.9;References;187
17;Chapter 11. Volcanogenic Jökulhlaups (Glacier Outburst Floods) from Mýrdalsjökull: Impacts on Proglacial Environments;189
17.1;11.1. Introduction;189
17.2;11.2. Volcanic and Jökulhlaup History;189
17.3;11.3. Jökulhlaups from Kötlujökull Draining across Mýrdalssandur;191
17.4;11.4. Sólheimasandur and Skógasandur;203
17.5;11.5. Jökulhlaups from the Northwestern Sector of Mýrdalsjökull Draining into the Markarfljót;210
17.6;11.6. Conclusions;212
17.7;Acknowledgements;213
17.8;References;213
18;Subject Index;217