Neurobionics

The Biomedical Engineering of Neural Prostheses
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-118-81487-1
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 360 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 236 mm, Gewicht: 726 g

Technological advances have greatly increased the potential for, and practicability of, using medical neurotechnologies to revolutionize how a wide array of neurological and nervous system diseases and dysfunctions are treated. These technologies have the potential to help reduce the impact of symptoms in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and depression as well as help regain lost function caused by spinal cord damage or nerve damage. Medical Neurobionics is a concise overview of the biological underpinnings of neurotechnologies, the development process for these technologies, and the practical application of these advances in clinical settings.

Medical Neurobionics is divided into three sections. The first section focuses specifically on providing a sound foundational understanding of the biological mechanisms that support the development of neurotechnologies. The second section looks at the efforts being carried out to develop new and exciting bioengineering advances. The book then closes with chapters that discuss practical clinical application and explore the ethical questions that surround neurobionics.

A timely work that provides readers with a useful introduction to the field, Medical Neurobionics will be an essential book for neuroscientists, neuroengineers, biomedical researchers, and industry personnel.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shepherd, Robert K

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Neurobiologie, Verhaltensbiologie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Neurowissenschaften, Kognitionswissenschaft
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik, Medizinische Werkstoffe
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Medizintechnik, Biomedizintechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Part I: Fundamentals of neural prostheses:

* History of neural prostheses Nick Donaldson
* Set the scene chapter describing the history of this technology with a particular emphasis on the important developments in engineering, materials science and surgery that were necessary precursors to the development of this modern industry
* Overview of modern neural prostheses for stimulation and recording

2. The electrode-tissue interface Jens Schouenborg
* Biophysical description of the interface
* Tissue response to chronically implanted electrodes
* Optimising electrode design to minimise the tissue response

3. Electrochemical principles of safe charge injection Stuart Cogan
* Fundamentals of capacitive and Faradaic charge injection
* Electrode materials - capacitor versus metal electrodes
* New electrode materials
* Charge recovery techniques

4. Principles of recording from and electrical stimulation of neural tissue Warren Grill
* Introductory anatomy and physiology of neural tissue
* Physiological principles of recording from neural tissue
* Physiological principles of electrical stimulation of neural tissue including refractory period; strength-duration curve; stimulus polarity; fibre diameter etc
* Principles of safe electrical stimulation

Part II: Device design and development:

5. Engineering principles in developing neural prostheses Thomas Steiglitz
* Electrode/leadwire design
* Stimulator design (current versus voltage source)
* Feed-through technology
* Hermetic sealing
* Powering medical bionic devices
* Recording technology
* Device fitting technology

6. Wireless technology in neural prostheses Arto Nurmikko
* The role of wireless technology in neural prostheses
* Current status of wireless technology
* Reverse telemetry and device interrogation
* Broadband neural recording technology
* Efficacy and power issues
* Future directions

7. Preclinical testing of neural prostheses Doug McCreery
* Principles of preclinical evaluation of neural prostheses
* Accelerated in vitro bench testing
* In vivo evaluation using passive and active devices

Part III: Clinical applications:

8. Sensory prostheses Rob Shepherd
* The clinical need in deafness; vestibular dysfunction; blindness
* Device overview for each case
* Role of brain plasticity
* Future directions for sensory prostheses

9. Restoring motor function Bob Kirsch
* The clinical need in spinal cord injury and amputation
* Device overview: Functional electrical stimulation for motor control including standing, grasping, walking; control of robotic limbs; bowel and bladder control.
* Future directions for motor prostheses

10. Neurobionics: neural prostheses for the CNS Hugh McDermott
* The clinical need in Parkinson' disease, Essential Tremor, severe depression; obsessive compulsive disorder, intractable pain, epilepsy.
* Device overview for each case
* Future directions for Neurobionics

11. Prosthetic limb control with targeted re-innervation Todd Kuiken
* The clinical need
* An overview of the procedure and the technology
* Advanced signal processing methods for prosthetic limb control
* Future directions

12. Brain Machine Interfaces John Donoghue
* The clinical need in spinal cord injury and amputees
* An overview of the motor cortex
* Device overview: controlling a video monitor or robotic limb
* Future directions: wireless and closing the loop

13. Taking a device to market: regulatory and commercial issues Jim Patrick
* The path to regulatory approval - from preclinical studies to small clinical trials
* The path to commercialisation; is the technology safe, effective & rebate able?
* The IP landscape and IP protection
* The role of academic research versus commercial R&D
* The role of clinicians in commercialisation
* Funding commercialisation

14. Ethical issues in the development of neural prostheses Frank Lane
* Managing patient expectations with experimental technologies
* Managing researchers expectations with experimental technologies
* Restoring versus enhancing technologies
* Informed consent in clinical trials
* Implications for the disability specific culture

Über Autor(innen)

Robert Shepherd is Professor of Medical Bionics and Director of the Bionics Institute in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne.