Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design

2. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9470-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 6, 978 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Chemical Engineering Technical Series

This 2nd Edition of Coulson & Richardson's classic Chemical Engineering text provides a complete update and revision of Volume 6: An Introduction to Design. It provides a revised and updated introduction to the methodology and procedures for process design and process equipment selection and design for the chemical process and allied industries. It includes material on flow sheeting, piping and instrumentation, mechanical design of equipment, costing and project evaluation, safety and loss prevention. The material on safety and loss prevention and environmental protection has been revised to cover current procedures and legislation. Process integration and the use of heat pumps has been included in the chapter on energy utilisation. Additional material has been added on heat transfer equipment; agitated vessels are now covered and the discussion of fired heaters and plate heat exchangers extended. The appendices have been extended to include a computer program for energy balances, illustrations of equipment specification sheets and heat exchanger tube layout diagrams.This 2nd Edition will continue to provide undergraduate students of chemical engineering, chemical engineers in industry and chemists and mechanical engineers, who have to tackle problems arising in the process industries, with a valuable text on how a complete process is designed and how it must be fitted into the environment.

Ray Sinnott's varied career, mainly in design and development, began with several major companies including Dupont and John Brown. The main areas covered within these appointments were: Gas Production and Distribution, Nuclear Energy, Elastomers and Textile fibres. After his career in industry he joined the Chemical Engineering Department, University of Wales Swansea in 1970, specialising in teaching process and plant design, and other engineering practice subjects. The first edition of Chemical Engineering Design (Coulson and Richardson's Vol 6) was published in 1983. Subsequent editions have been published at approximately 5 year intervals.Ray Sinnott retired from full time teaching in 1995 but has maintained close contact with the engineering profession.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sinnott, Ray

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Chemical Engineering Design;6
3;Copyright Page;7
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Chapter 1. Introduction to Design;26
5.1;1.1. Introduction;26
5.2;1.2. Nature of design;26
5.3;1.3. The anatomy of a chemical manufacturing process;30
5.4;1.4. The organisation of a chemical engineering project;32
5.5;1.5. Project documentation;35
5.6;1.6. Codes and standards;37
5.7;1.7. Factors of safety (design factors);38
5.8;1.8. Systems of units;39
5.9;1.9. Degrees of freedom and design variables. The mathematical representation of the design problem;40
5.10;1.10. Optimisation;49
5.11;1.11. References;55
5.12;1.12. Nomenclature;56
6;Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Material Balances;57
6.1;2.1. Introduction;57
6.2;2.2. The equivalence of mass and energy;57
6.3;2.3. Conservation of mass;57
6.4;2.4. Units used to express compositions;58
6.5;2.5. Stoichiometry;59
6.6;2.6. Choice of system boundary;60
6.7;2.7. Choice of basis for calculations;63
6.8;2.8. Number of independent components;63
6.9;2.9. Constraints on flows and compositions;64
6.10;2.10. General algebraic method;65
6.11;2.11. Tie components;67
6.12;2.12. Excess reagent;69
6.13;2.13. Conversion and yield;69
6.14;2.14. Recycle processes;73
6.15;2.15. Purge;75
6.16;2.16. By-pass;76
6.17;2.17. Unsteady-state calculations;76
6.18;2.18. General procedure for material balance problems;78
6.19;2.19. References (Further Reading);79
6.20;2.20. Nomenclature;79
7;Chapter 3. Fundamentals of Energy Balances;81
7.1;3.1. Introduction;81
7.2;3.2. Conservation of energy;81
7.3;3.3. Forms of energy (per unit mass of material);82
7.4;3.4. The energy balance;83
7.5;3.5. Calculation of specific enthalpy;87
7.6;3.6. Mean heat capacities;89
7.7;3.7. The effect of pressure on heat capacity;90
7.8;3.8. Enthalpy of mixtures;91
7.9;3.9. Enthalpy-concentration diagrams;93
7.10;3.10. Heats of reaction;95
7.11;3.11. Standard heats of formation;98
7.12;3.12. Heats of combustion;99
7.13;3.13. Compression and expansion of gases;100
7.14;3.14. A simple energy balance program;109
7.15;3.15. Unsteady state energy balances;113
7.16;3.16. Energy recovery;115
7.17;3.17. Process integration and pinch technology;125
7.18;3.18. References;140
7.19;3.19. Nomenclature;141
8;Chapter 4. Flow-sheeting;144
8.1;4.1. Introduction;144
8.2;4.2. Flow-sheet presentation;144
8.3;4.3. Manual flow-sheet calculations;152
8.4;4.4. Computer-aided flow-sheeting;179
8.5;4.5. Full steady-state simulation programs;179
8.6;4.6. Simple material balance programs;183
8.7;4.7. References;199
8.8;4.8. Nomenclature;200
9;Chapter 5. Piping and Instrumentation;201
9.1;5.1. Introduction;201
9.2;5.2. The P & I diagram;201
9.3;5.3. Valve selection;204
9.4;5.4. Pumps;207
9.5;5.5. Mechanical design of piping systems;209
9.6;5.6. Pipe size selection;211
9.7;5.7. Control and instrumentation;219
9.8;5.8. Typical control systems;221
9.9;5.9. Alarms and safety trips, and interlocks;229
9.10;5.10. Computers and microprocessors in process control;231
9.11;5.11. References;231
9.12;5.12. Nomenclature;232
10;Chapter 6. Costing and Project Evaluation;234
10.1;6.1. Introduction;234
10.2;6.2. Accuracy and purpose of capital cost estimates;234
10.3;6.3. Fixed and working capital;235
10.4;6.4. Cost escalation (inflation);235
10.5;6.5. Rapid capital cost estimating methods;237
10.6;6.6. The factorial method of cost estimation;241
10.7;6.7. Estimation of purchased equipment costs;243
10.8;6.8. Summary of the factorial method;248
10.9;6.9. Operating costs;249
10.10;6.10. Economic evaluation of projects;259
10.11;6.11. Computer method for costing and project evaluation;268
10.12;6.12. References;268
10.13;6.13. Nomenclature;269
11;Chapter 7. Materials of Construction;270
11.1;7.1. Introduction;270
11.2;7.2. Material properties;270
11.3;7.3. Mechanical properties;271
11.4;7.4. Corrosion resistance;273
11.5;7.5. Selection for corrosion resistance;278
11.6;7.6. Material costs;278
11.7;7.7. Contamination;280
11.8;7.8. Commonly used materials of construction;281
11.9;7.9. Plastics as materials of construction for chemical plant;287
11.10;7.10. Ceramic materials (silicate materials);289
11.11;7.11. Carbon;291
11.12;7.12. Protective coatings;291
11.13;7.13. Design for corrosion resistance;291
11.14;7.14. References;291
11.15;7.15. Nomenclature;293
12;Chapter 8. Design Information and Data;294
12.1;8.1. Introduction;294
12.2;8.2. Sources of information on manufacturing processes;294
12.3;8.3. General sources of physical properties;295
12.4;8.4. Accuracy required of engineering data;296
12.5;8.5. Prediction of physical properties;297
12.6;8.6. Density;298
12.7;8.7. Viscosity;300
12.8;8.8. Thermal conductivity;304
12.9;8.9. Specific heat capacity;306
12.10;8.10. Enthalpy of vaporisation (latent heat);312
12.11;8.11. Vapour pressure;314
12.12;8.12. Diffusion coefficients (Diffusivities);314
12.13;8.13. Surface tension;318
12.14;8.14. Critical constants;320
12.15;8.15. Enthalpy of reaction and enthalpy of formation;322
12.16;8.16. Phase equilibrium data;323
12.17;8.17. References;336
12.18;8.18. Nomenclature;339
13;Chapter 9. Safety and Loss Prevention;341
13.1;9.1. Introduction;341
13.2;9.2. Intrinsic and extrinsic safety;342
13.3;9.3. The hazards;342
13.4;9.4. Dow fire and explosion index;351
13.5;9.5. Hazard and operability studies;361
13.6;9.6. Hazard analysis;367
13.7;9.7. Acceptable risk and safety priorities;368
13.8;9.8. Safety check lists;370
13.9;9.9. Major hazards;372
13.10;9.10. References;374
14;Chapter 10. Equipment Selection, Specification and Design;377
14.1;10.1. Introduction;377
14.2;10.2. Separation processes;378
14.3;10.3. Solid–solid separations;379
14.4;10.4. Liquid–solid (solid–liquid) separators;385
14.5;10.5. Separation of dissolved solids;410
14.6;10.6. Liquid-liquid separation;416
14.7;10.7. Separation of dissolved liquids;422
14.8;10.8. Gas–solids separations (gas cleaning);423
14.9;10.9. Gas–liquid separators;434
14.10;10.10. Crushing and grinding (comminution) equipment;439
14.11;10.11. Mixing equipment;440
14.12;10.12. Transport and storage of materials;448
14.13;10.13. Reactors;455
14.14;10.14. References;459
14.15;10.15. Nomenclature;462
15;Chapter 11. Separation Columns (Distillation and Absorption);464
15.1;11.1. Introduction;464
15.2;11.2. Continuous distillation: process description;465
15.3;11.3. Continuous distillation: basic principles;467
15.4;11.4. Design variables in distillation;472
15.5;11.5. Design methods for binary systems;473
15.6;11.6. Multicomponent distillation: general considerations;486
15.7;11.7. Multicomponent distillation: short-cut methods for stage and reflux requirements;488
15.8;11.8. Multicomponent systems: rigorous solution procedures (computer methods);510
15.9;11.9. Batch distillation;513
15.10;11.10. Plate efficiency;514
15.11;11.11. Approximate column sizing;523
15.12;11.12. Plate contactors;524
15.13;11.13. Plate hydraulic design;532
15.14;11.14. Packed columns;554
15.15;11.15. Column auxiliaries;582
15.16;11.16. References;583
15.17;11.17. Nomenclature;585
16;Chapter 12. Heat-transfer Equipment;590
16.1;12.1. Introduction;590
16.2;12.2. Basic design procedure and theory;591
16.3;12.3. Overall heat-transfer coefficient;592
16.4;12.4. Fouling factors (dirt factors);595
17;Chapter 13. Mechanical Design of Process Equipment;728
17.1;13.1. Introduction;728
17.2;13.2. Pressure vessel codes and standards;729
17.3;13.3. Fundamental principles and equations;730
17.4;13.4. General design considerations: pressure vessels;743
17.5;13.5. The design of thin-walled vessels under internal pressure;748
17.6;13.6. Compensation for openings and branches;755
17.7;13.7. Design of vessels subject to external pressure;758
17.8;13.8. Design of vessels subject to combined loading;763
17.9;13.9. Vessel supports;776
17.10;13.10. Bolt flanged joints;789
17.11;13.11. Heat-exchanger tube-plates;798
17.12;13.12. Welded joint design;801
17.13;13.13. Fatigue assessment of vessels;803
17.14;13.14. Pressure tests;804
17.15;13.15. High-pressure vessels;804
17.16;13.16. Liquid storage tanks;810
17.17;13.17. Mechanical design of centrifuges;811
17.18;13.18. References;814
17.19;13.19. Nomenclature;817
18;Chapter 14. General Site Considerations;822
18.1;14.1. Introduction;822
18.2;14.2. Plant location and site selection;822
18.3;14.3. Site layout;824
18.4;14.4. Plant layout;826
18.5;14.5. Utilities;830
18.6;14.6. Environmental considerations;832
18.7;14.7. References;837
19;Appendix A: Graphical Symbols for Piping Systems and Plant;840
20;Appendix B: A Simple Flow-sheeting Program MASSBAL;849
21;Appendix C: Corrosion Chart;862
22;Appendix D: Physical Property Data Bank;882
23;Appendix E: Conversion Factors for Some Common SI Units;903
24;Appendix F: Standard Flanges;905
25;Appendix G: Design Projects;910
26;Appendix H: Equipment Specification (Data) Sheets;936
27;Appendix I: Enrgybal: A Simple Energy Balance Program;947
28;Appendix J: Typical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Tube-sheet Layouts;952
29;Author Index;958
30;Subject Index;966