Sinnott / Richardson / Coulson Chemical Engineering

An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Design
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8552-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 855 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Chemical Engineering Technical Series

An introduction to the art and practice of design as applied to chemical processes and equipment. It is intended primarily as a text for chemical engineering students undertaking the design projects that are set as part of undergraduate courses in chemical engineering in the UK and USA. It has been written to complement the treatment of chemical engineering fundamentals given in Chemical Engineering volumes 1, 2 and 3. Examples are given in each chapter to illustrate the design methods presented.

Ray Sinnott's varied career, mainly in design and development, began with several major companies including Dupont and John Brown. The main areas covered within these appointments were: Gas Production and Distribution, Nuclear Energy, Elastomers and Textile fibres. After his career in industry he joined the Chemical Engineering Department, University of Wales Swansea in 1970, specialising in teaching process and plant design, and other engineering practice subjects. The first edition of Chemical Engineering Design (Coulson and Richardson's Vol 6) was published in 1983. Subsequent editions have been published at approximately 5 year intervals.Ray Sinnott retired from full time teaching in 1995 but has maintained close contact with the engineering profession.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sinnott, Ray

Richardson, J. F.

Coulson, J. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Design;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Author's Preface;6
6;Preface;7
7;Acknowledgement;7
8;Chapter 1. Introduction to Design;18
8.1;1.1. Introduction;18
8.2;1.2. Nature of design;18
8.3;1.3. The anatomy of a chemical manufacturing process;22
8.4;1.4. The organisation of a chemical engineering project;24
8.5;1.5. Project documentation;26
8.6;1.6. Codes and standards;28
8.7;1.7. Factors of safety (design factors);29
8.8;1.8. Systems of units;30
8.9;1.9. Degrees of freedom and design variables. The mathematical representation of the design problem;31
8.10;1.10. Optimisation;39
8.11;1.11. References;44
8.12;1.12. Nomenclature;45
9;Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Material Balances;46
9.1;2.1. Introduction;46
9.2;2.2. The equivalence of mass and energy;46
9.3;2.3. Conservation of mass;46
9.4;2.4. Units used to express compositions;47
9.5;2.5. Stoichiometry;48
9.6;2.6. Choice of system boundary;49
9.7;2.7. Choice of basis for calculations;52
9.8;2.8. Number of independent components;52
9.9;2.9. Constraints on flows and compositions;53
9.10;2.10. General algebraic method;54
9.11;2.11. Tie components;56
9.12;2.12. Excess reagent;58
9.13;2.13. Conversion and yield;58
9.14;2.14. Recycle processes;62
9.15;2.15. Purge;64
9.16;2.16. By-pass;65
9.17;2.17. Unsteady-state calculations;65
9.18;2.18. General procedure for material balance problems;67
9.19;2.19. References (Further Reading);68
9.20;2.20. Nomenclature;68
10;Chapter 3. Fundamentals of Energy Balances;70
10.1;3.1. Introduction;70
10.2;3.2. Conservation of energy;70
10.3;3.3. Forms of energy (per unit mass of material);71
10.4;3.4. The energy balance;72
10.5;3.5. Calculation of specific enthalpy;76
10.6;3.6. Mean heat capacities;78
10.7;3.7. The effect of pressure on heat capacity;79
10.8;3.8. Enthalpy of mixtures;80
10.9;3.9. Enthalpy-concentration diagrams;82
10.10;3.10. Heats of reaction;84
10.11;3.11. Standard heats of formation;87
10.12;3.12. Heats of combustion;88
10.13;3.13. Compression and expansion of gases;89
10.14;3.14. A simple energy balance program;98
10.15;3.15 Unsteady state energy balances;102
10.16;3.16 Energy recovery;104
10.17;3.17. References;112
10.18;3.18. Nomenclature;113
11;Chapter 4. Flow-sheeting;115
11.1;4.1. Introduction;115
11.2;4.2. Flow-sheet presentation;115
11.3;4.3. Manual flow-sheet calculations;121
11.4;4.4. Computer-aided flow-sheeting;148
11.5;4.5. Full steady-state simulation programs;148
11.6;4.6. Simple material balance programs;151
11.7;4.7. References;164
11.8;4.8. Nomenclature;164
12;Chapter 5. Piping and Instrumentation;165
12.1;5.1. Introduction;165
12.2;5.2. The . & I diagram;165
12.3;5.3. Valve selection;167
12.4;5.4. Pumps;172
12.5;5.5. Mechanical design of piping systems;174
12.6;5.6. Pipe size selection;175
12.7;5.7. Control and instrumentation;184
12.8;5.8. Typical control systems;186
12.9;5.9. Alarms and safety trips, and interlocks;194
12.10;5.10. References;196
12.11;5.11. Nomenclature;197
13;Chapter 6. Costing and Project Evaluation;198
13.1;6.1. Introduction;198
13.2;6.2. Accuracy and purpose of capital cost estimates;198
13.3;6.3 Fixed and working capital;199
13.4;6.4. Cost escalation (inflation);199
13.5;6.5. Rapid capital cost estimating methods;201
13.6;6.6. The factorial method of cost estimation;203
13.7;6.7. Estimation of purchased equipment costs;206
13.8;6.8. Summary of the factorial method;211
13.9;6.9. Operating costs;211
13.10;6.10. Economic evaluation of projects;219
13.11;6.11. References;227
13.12;6.12. Nomenclature;228
14;Chapter 7. Materials of Construction;229
14.1;7.1. Introduction;229
14.2;7.2. Material properties;229
14.3;7.3. Mechanical properties;230
14.4;7.4. Corrosion resistance;232
14.5;7.5. Selection for corrosion resistance;237
14.6;7.6. Material costs;237
14.7;7.7. Contamination;239
14.8;7.8. Commonly used materials of construction;239
14.9;7.9. Plastics as materials of construction for chemical plant;244
14.10;7.10. Ceramic materials (silicate materials);246
14.11;7.11. Carbon;248
14.12;7.12. Protective coatings;248
14.13;7.13. Design for corrosion resistance;248
14.14;7.14. References;249
14.15;7.15. Nomenclature;250
15;Chapter 8. Design Information and Data;251
15.1;8.1. Introduction;251
15.2;8.2. Sources of information on manufacturing processes;251
15.3;8.3. General sources of physical properties;252
15.4;8.4. Accuracy required of engineering data;253
15.5;8.5. Prediction of physical properties;254
15.6;8.6. Density;255
15.7;8.7. Viscosity;256
15.8;8.9. Specific heat capacity;262
15.9;8.8. Thermal conductivity;261
15.10;8.10. Enthalpy of vaporisation (latent heat);266
15.11;8.11. Vapour pressure;270
15.12;8.12. Diffusion coefficients (Diffusivities);271
15.13;8.13. Surface tension;274
15.14;8.14. Critical constants;276
15.15;8.15. Enthalpy of reaction and enthalpy of formation;279
15.16;8.16. Phase equilibrium data;279
15.17;8.17. References;287
15.18;8.18. Nomenclature;289
16;Chapter 9. Safety and Loss Prevention;291
16.1;9.1. Introduction;291
16.2;9.2. Intrinsic and extrinsic safety;292
16.3;9.3. The hazards;292
16.4;9.4. Dow fire and explosion index;299
16.5;9.5. Hazard and operability studies;309
16.6;9.6. Hazard analysis;315
16.7;9.7. Acceptable risk and safety priorities;316
16.8;9.8. Safety check lists;318
16.9;9.9. References;320
16.10;9.10. Nomenclature;321
17;Chapter 10. Equipment Selection, Specification and Design;322
17.1;10.1 Introduction;322
17.2;10.2. Separation processes;323
17.3;10.3. Solid–solid separations;324
17.4;10.4. Liquid–solid (solid–liquid)separators;330
17.5;10.5. Separation of dissolved solids;355
17.6;10.6. Liquid–liquid separation;361
17.7;10.7. Separation of dissolved liquids;367
17.8;10.8. Gas–solids separations (Gas cleaning);368
17.9;10.9. Gas–liquid separators;379
17.10;10.10. Crushing and grinding (comminution) equipment;382
17.11;10.11. Mixing equipment;385
17.12;10.12. Transport and storage of materials;393
17.13;10.13. Reactors;399
17.14;10.14. References;403
17.15;10.15. Nomenclature;405
18;Chapter 11. Separation Columns (Distillation and Absorption);407
18.1;11.1 Introduction;407
18.2;11.2. Continuous distillation: process description;408
18.3;11.3. Continuous distillation: basic principles;410
18.4;11.4. Design variables in distillation;415
18.5;11.5. Design methods for binary systems;416
18.6;11.6. Multicomponent distillation: general considerations;429
18.7;11.7. Multicomponent distillation: short-cut methods for stage and reflux requirements;431
18.8;11.8. Multicomponent systems: rigorous solution procedures (computer methods);453
18.9;11.9. Batch distillation;456
18.10;11.10. Plate efficiency;457
18.11;11.11. Approximate column sizing;465
18.12;11.12. Plate contactors;466
18.13;11.13. Plate hydraulic design;474
18.14;11.14. Packed columns;496
18.15;11.15. Column auxiliaries;521
18.16;11.16. References;522
18.17;11.17. Nomenclature;524
19;Chapter 12. Heat-transfer Equipment;528
19.1;12.1. Introduction;528
19.2;12.2. Basic design procedure and theory;529
19.3;12.3. Overall heat-transfer coefficient;530
19.4;12.4. Fouling factors (dirt factors);531
19.5;12.5. Shell and tube exchangers: construction details;533
19.6;12.6. Mean temperature difference (temperature driving force);546
19.7;12.7. Shell and tube exchangers: general design considerations;550
19.8;12.8. Tube-side heat-transfer coefficient and pressure drop (single phase);553
19.9;12.9. Shell-side heat-transfer and pressure drop (single phase);559
19.10;12.10. Condensers;586
19.11;12.11. Reboilers and vaporisers;604
19.12;12.12. Plate heat exchangers;625
19.13;12.13. Direct-contact heat exchangers;627
19.14;12.14. Finned tubes;628
19.15;12.15. Double-pipe heat exchangers;630
19.16;12.16. Air-cooled exchangers;630
19.17;12.17. Fired heaters (furnaces and boilers);631
19.18;12.18. References;632
19.19;12.19. Nomenclature;635
20;Chapter 13. Mechanical Design of Process Equipment;639
20.1;13.1. Introduction;639
20.2;13.2. Pressure vessel codes and standards;640
20.3;13.3. Fundamental principles and equations;641
20.4;13.4. General design considerations: pressure vessels;654
20.5;13.5. The design of thin-walled vessels under internal pressure;658
20.6;13.6. Compensation for openings and branches;666
20.7;13.7. Design of vessels subject to external pressure;669
20.8;13.8. Design of vessels subject to combined loading;674
20.9;13.9. Vessel supports;686
20.10;13.10. Bolted flanged joints;699
20.11;13.11. Heat-exchanger tube-plates;708
20.12;13.12. Welded joint design;711
20.13;13.13. Fatigue assessment of vessels;713
20.14;13.14. Pressure tests;714
20.15;13.15. High-pressure vessels;714
20.16;13.16. Liquid storage tanks;720
20.17;13.17. Mechanical design of centrifuges;721
20.18;13.18. References;724
20.19;13.19. Nomenclature;726
21;Chapter 14. General Site Considerations;731
21.1;14.1. Introduction;731
21.2;14.2. Plant location and site selection;731
21.3;14.3. Site layout;733
21.4;14.4. Plant layout;735
21.5;14.5. Utilities;737
21.6;14.6. References;741
22;APPENDIX A: Graphical Symbols for Piping Systems and Plant;742
23;APPENDIX .: A Simple Flow-sheeting Program;751
24;APPENDIX C: Corrosion Chart;762
25;APPENDIX D: Physical Property Data Bank;782
26;APPENDIX .: Conversion Factors for Some Common SI Units;803
27;APPENDIX F: Standard Flanges;805
28;APPENDIX G: Design Projects;812
29;Author Index;838
30;Subject Index;845