Smith / Hanawalt / Horecker Molecular Photobiology

Inactivation and Recovery
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2245-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 246 Seiten, Web PDF

Molecular Photobiology: Inactivation and Recovery describes the deleterious photochemical reactions occurring in biological systems. This book is composed of 10 chapters that specifically tackle light interactions in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum resulting to damaged proteins and nucleic acids in living systems. This book deals first with the kinds of photochemical reactions that can occur and the possible effects of photochemistry on molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. The succeeding chapters highlight the principle of recovery mechanisms, wherein evidence shows that cells can repair their damaged genetic material, and thus recover from the otherwise inactivating effects of light. The remaining chapters are devoted to the comparison and contrast of some biological effects of ionizing radiation and those of ultraviolet radiation. This book is of value to molecular photobiologists, photochemists, biochemists, and radiation scientists and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smith, Kendric C.

Hanawalt, Philip C.

Horecker, Bernard

Kaplan, Nathan O.

Marmur, Julius

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Molecular Photobiology: Inactivation and Recovery;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;Glossary;12
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION: BASIC PRINCIPLES;20
7.1;1-1. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation upon Biological Systems;20
7.2;1-2. Laws of Photochemistry;22
7.3;1-3. Absorption Spectra;26
7.4;1-4. Action Spectra;35
7.5;General References;39
8;CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;42
8.1;2-1. Light Sources;42
8.2;2-2. Wavelength Selection;43
8.3;2-3. Measurement of Energy Output;47
8.4;2-4. General Problems in Dosimetry;49
8.5;2-5. Flash Photolysis;51
8.6;General References;53
9;CHAPTER 3. QUANTUM PHOTOCHEMISTRY;54
9.1;3-1. Properties of Photons and Electrons;54
9.2;3-2. Covalent Bonds;57
9.3;3-3. Photon Effects on Orbital Electrons;61
9.4;3-4. Dissipation of Photon Energy;62
9.5;3-5. Role of Molecular Orientation;68
9.6;3-6. Hypochromicity;70
9.7;3-7. Energy Transfer;73
9.8;General References;75
10;CHAPTER 4. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS;76
10.1;4-1. Introduction;76
10.2;4-2. Effects of UV on Ribose and Deoxyribose;77
10.3;4-3. Effects of UV on Purines;78
10.4;4-4. Hydration Products of the Pyrimidines;78
10.5;4-5. Cyclobutane-Type Dimers of Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil;81
10.6;4-6. Other Photochemical Reactions of the Pyrimidines;87
10.7;4-7. Effect of UV on the Molecular Weight of DNA (Chain Breakage);89
10.8;4-8. DNA-DNA Cross-Links;90
10.9;4-9. The Cross-Linking of DNA to Protein;91
10.10;4-10. The Effect of Base Composition on the Intrinsic Sensitivity of DNA to UV;97
10.11;4-11. The Effect of Substitution by Halogenated Pyrimidines on the Intrinsic Sensitivity of DNA to UV;97
10.12;4-12. The Influence of the Environment during Irradiation on the Intrinsic Sensitivity of DNA;100
10.13;4-13. Photochemistry of RNA;100
10.14;4-14. Summary;101
10.15;General References;103
11;CHAPTER 5. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS;104
11.1;5-1. Introduction;104
11.2;5-2. Relative Photochemical Sensitivity of the Amino Acids;105
11.3;5-3. General Comments on the Photochemistry of Proteins;107
11.4;5-4. Photochemical Inactivation of Enzymes;110
11.5;General References;114
12;CHAPTER 6. PHOTOINACTIVATION OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS;116
12.1;6-1. Introduction;116
12.2;6-2. Simple Survival Curves;117
12.3;6-3. Biphasic Survival Curves;118
12.4;6-4. Multihit and Multitarget Survival Curves;121
12.5;6-5. Bacterial Viability;127
12.6;6-6. Macromolecular Synthesis;128
12.7;6-7. Bacteriophage;137
12.8;6-8. Induction of Prophage;142
12.9;6-9. Plant Viruses;143
12.10;6-10. Animal Viruses;144
12.11;6-11. Eucaryotic Cells;146
12.12;General References;148
13;CHAPTER 7. RECOVERY FROM PHOTOCHEMICAL DAMAGE;150
13.1;7-1. Introduction;151
13.2;7-2. Fortuitous Recovery;154
13.3;7-3. Reversal of Damage by Repair in Situ;157
13.4;7-4. Reconstruction of Damaged DNA;164
13.5;7-5. DNA Synthesis on Unrepaired Templates;173
13.6;7-6. Physiological and Environmental Effects on Repair and Recovery;175
13.7;7-7. Genetic Control of Repair Processes;180
13.8;General References;183
14;CHAPTER 8. ULTRAVIOLET MUTAGENESIS;184
14.1;8-1. Introduction;184
14.2;8-2. Early Observations on Bacterial Systems;187
14.3;8-3. Nature of the Mutants Produced by UV;192
14.4;8-4. Role of Repair Processes in Mutagenesis;195
14.5;General References;197
15;CHAPTER 9. PHOTODYNAMIC ACTION;198
15.1;9-1. Introduction;198
15.2;9-2. Structure of Photodynamic Dyes;199
15.3;9-3. Mechanisms of Photodynamic Action;201
15.4;9-4. Photodynamic Action on Cells;202
15.5;9-5. Photodynamic Action on Viruses;205
15.6;9-6. Photodynamic Action on Proteins and Nucleic Acids;205
15.7;9-7. Photosensitized Reactions Not Requiring Oxygen;208
15.8;9-8. Photosensitized Reactions in Whole Animals;209
15.9;General References;209
16;CHAPTER 10. COMPARISON OF UV AND IONIZING RADIATION;212
16.1;10-1. Introduction;212
16.2;10-2. The Target of Primary Radiobiological Importance Is DNA;213
16.3;10-3. The Effects of DNA Base Composition, DNA Content, Ploidy, and Strandedness of the DNA on the Radiation Sensitivity of Cells;214
16.4;10-4. The Biochemical Effects of X-Irradiation;217
16.5;10-5. General Discussion of Radiation Chemistry;219
16.6;10-6. Radiation Chemistry of Water;224
16.7;10-7. Radiation Chemistry of the Purines and Pyrimidines;226
16.8;10-8. Radiation Chemistry of DNA;228
16.9;10-9. The Interaction of X-Rays and UV;231
16.10;General References;235
17;Subject Index;236