Smith MSc / Smith Knowledge Engineering and Computer Modelling in CAD

Proceedings of CAD86 London 2 - 5 September 1986
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-0494-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 487 Seiten, Web PDF

Knowledge Engineering and Computer Modelling in CAD covers the proceedings of CAD86, The Seventh International Conference on the Computer as a Design Tool. The book presents 49 papers that are organized into 14 parts according to their respective themes. The main themes of the conference are modeling and expert systems. Materials covering database, control, and geometric modeling are also presented. The coverage of the text includes expert systems in process planning; selections and evaluation of cost-effective CAD systems; and designing complex artifacts with the assistance of a microcomputer-based system. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners whose work involves the utilization of CAD.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smith MSc, Dmu

Smith, Alison

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Knowledge Engineering and Computer Modelling in CAD;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Foreword;10
6;PART I: MODELS, REPRESENTATIONS, INTERFACES;12
6.1;Chapter 1. The evolution of style of interaction;12
6.1.1;INTRODUCTION;12
6.1.2;THE RECENT PAST AS A BACKGROUND;13
6.1.3;INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS, CHARACTERISTICS, FEATURES AND PRINCIPLES;14
6.1.4;RECENT TRENDS OF RESEARCH ON INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS;15
6.1.5;CONCLUSION;16
6.1.6;REFERENCES;17
6.2;Chapter 2. Expert systems in process planning;18
6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;18
6.2.2;TASKS INVOLVED IN PROCESS PUNNING;19
6.2.3;WHY AUTOMATE PROCESS PIANNING?;19
6.2.4;EXPERT SYSTEMS;20
6.2.5;EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLIED TO PROCESS PIANNING;21
6.2.6;EXCAP;21
6.2.7;FEATURE RECOGNITION;21
6.2.8;EXAMPLE OF EXCAP OUTPUT;22
6.2.9;EXPERT SYSTEMS;22
6.2.10;IGES;22
6.2.11;CONCLUSIONS;22
6.2.12;REFERENCES;23
6.3;Chapter 3. The interface between humans and their computer work-stations;26
6.3.1;INTRODUCTION;26
6.3.2;THE INTERACTION INTERFACE;27
6.3.3;TASK TYPES;28
6.3.4;THE USER'S MODEL OF HIS/HER PARTNER;29
6.3.5;REFERENCES;29
6.4;Chapter 4. New geometric modeller TIPS/GS for geometric simulation;31
6.4.1;INTRODUCTION;31
6.4.2;PROBLEMS IN PRESENT SOLID MODELLING SYSTEMS;31
6.4.3;STRATEGIES TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS;32
6.4.4;DEVELOPMENT OF TIPS/GEOMETRIC SIMULATOR;33
6.4.5;CONCLUDING REMARK;35
6.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;35
7;PART II: PLANT DESIGN;38
7.1;Chapter 5. Plant design on microcomputers;38
7.1.1;1.0 INTRODDCTION AND BACKGROOND;38
7.1.2;2.0 VIEWING A 3-D MODEL;39
7.1.3;3.0 SOLID MODELIHG;40
7.1.4;4.0 SUMWARY;44
7.1.5;REFERENCES;44
7.2;Chapter 6. Systems integration in process plant engineering;46
8;PART III: CAD 1;47
8.1;Chapter 7. An algorithm for determining consistency and manufacturability of dimensional drawings;47
8.1.1;INTRODUCnON;47
8.1.2;2-TREES;48
8.1.3;EXAMPLES;49
8.1.4;DISCUSSION;49
8.1.5;REFERENCES;49
8.1.6;APPENDIX A;50
8.2;Chapter 8. Selection and evaluation of cost-effective CAD systems;53
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;53
8.2.2;CAD/CAM AND CAPP;57
8.2.3;CONCLUSIONS;57
8.2.4;REFERENCES;58
8.2.5;APPENDIX I;58
8.2.6;APPENDIX II;59
8.3;Chapter 9. An integrated computer graphics system;61
8.3.1;HISTORY;61
8.3.2;SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS;62
8.3.3;HARDWARE;63
8.3.4;SOFTWARE;64
8.3.5;SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT;65
8.3.6;PICTURE FORMATS;65
8.3.7;RESULTS SO FAR;66
8.3.8;WORK IN PROGRESS AND PLANS;66
8.3.9;PROBLEMS;67
8.3.10;CONCLUSIONS;67
8.3.11;THE FUTURE;68
8.3.12;PERSONNEL INVOLVED;68
8.3.13;REFERENCES;68
8.3.14;TRADEMARKS;69
9;PART IV: GEOMETRIC MODELLING 1;70
9.1;Chapter 10. Rule-based approach to variational geometry;70
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;70
9.1.2;OVERVIEW;71
9.1.3;GEOMETRY-CONSTRUCTION RULES;72
9.1.4;FACT BASE;73
9.1.5;INFERENCE;74
9.1.6;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION;75
9.1.7;REFERENCES;77
9.2;Chapter 11. Integrated solid modelling and drafting through multiple dynamic views;79
9.3;Chapter 12. An intersection algorithm for C2 parametric surface;80
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;80
9.3.2;PROBLEM OVERVIEW;80
9.3.3;GENERATION OF THE INTERSECTION CURVE;84
9.3.4;CONCLUSION;84
9.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;85
9.3.6;REFERENCES;85
9.3.7;APPENDIX;85
9.4;Chapter 13. On geometrical problems of automatic glass grinding;89
9.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;89
9.4.2;2. PROCESS OF GROUND GLASS PRODUCTION;89
9.4.3;3. THE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM (PS);90
9.4.4;4. THE INTERPOLATION METHOD AND ITS PROPERTIES;90
9.4.5;5. STEP–LENGTH DETERMINATION FOR NC–MACHINING;92
9.4.6;6. RESULTS;99
9.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;99
9.4.8;REFERENCES;99
10;PART V: CAD 2;100
10.1;Chapter 14. An analysis and comparison of knowledge use in designing with and without CAD;100
10.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;100
10.1.2;2. METHOD;100
10.1.3;3. THE MODELS;101
10.1.4;4. COMPARISON;103
10.1.5;5. DISCUSSION;107
10.1.6;REFERENCES;108
10.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;108
10.2;Chapter 15. The investigation of a rule-based spatial assembly procedure;109
10.2.1;Keywords;109
10.2.2;Introduction;110
10.2.3;The Design Process;110
10.2.4;Creative Design;112
10.2.5;Hierarchical Spaces in Design;113
10.2.6;Test Programs;115
10.2.7;Rule-based example;117
10.2.8;Conclusions;118
10.2.9;Acknowledgements;119
10.2.10;References;119
10.2.11;APPENDIX 1 - DEFINITION AND TERMS;130
10.2.12;APPENDIX 2;131
10.3;Chapter 16. Designing complex artifacts with the assistance of a microcomputer based system - tools and methodology;132
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;132
10.3.2;DESIGN;133
10.3.3;DRAFTING;134
10.3.4;ARCHIVE;135
10.3.5;EXAMPLE;137
10.3.6;CONCLUSION;137
10.3.7;REFERENCES;138
11;PART VI: COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING;141
11.1;Chapter 17. Mechanical CAE in 1990;141
11.1.1;INTRODUCTION;141
11.1.2;KEY ISSUES;141
11.1.3;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;143
11.1.4;THE 1990 SYSTEM;148
11.1.5;OONCLUSIONS;149
11.1.6;REFERENCES;149
11.2;Chapter 18. Computer-Aided Design of journal bearings;154
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;154
11.2.2;SURVEY OF LITERATURE;154
11.2.3;THEORY;155
11.2.4;OPTIMIZATION;159
11.2.5;SAMPLE PHOCEDUHE AND RESULTS;160
11.2.6;CONCLUSION;164
11.2.7;REFERENCES;164
11.2.8;NOMENCLATURE;165
11.2.9;APPENDIX: SAMPLE INTERACTIVE SESSION;166
11.3;Chapter 19. Expert system for mechanical elements;169
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;169
11.3.2;THE FORM OF MECHANICAL ELEMENTS;170
11.3.3;THE FUNCTION OF MECHANICAL ELEMENTS;172
11.3.4;FORM AND FUNCTION REGULATIONS;175
11.3.5;REALIZED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR MECHANICAL ELEMENTS;175
11.3.6;CONCLUSION;177
11.3.7;REFERENCES;177
11.3.8;APPENDIX;177
12;PART VII: DATABASES;181
12.1;Chapter 20. A new approach to computer aided engineering;181
12.1.1;Current Techniques;181
12.1.2;The Black & Veatch Approach;183
12.1.3;Implementation;184
12.1.4;Additional Features and Benefits;186
12.1.5;Future Plans;188
12.1.6;CONCLUSION;189
12.2;Chapter 21. CAD and surface technology databases;205
12.2.1;KEYWORDS;205
12.2.2;INTRODUCTION;205
12.2.3;CASE A - DESIGN FOR MAXIMUM STRESS;206
12.2.4;CASE . - DESIGN FOR TOPOGRAPHY;207
12.2.5;CASE C - DESIGN FOR METALLURGY;208
12.2.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;209
12.2.7;REFERENCES;209
12.3;Chapter 22. OYSTER: a shell system for integration and control of a design and manufacturing database;217
12.3.1;INTRODUCTION;217
12.3.2;THE ALLOCATION OF DUTIES AND OWNERSHIP OF SPACE;218
12.3.3;PART ISSUE;220
12.3.4;DATABASE ENQUIRY;220
12.3.5;KNOWLEDGE BASED PART DESCRIPTION;221
12.3.6;DATABASE STRUCTURE;222
12.3.7;DATABASE MAINTENANCE;223
12.3.8;CONCLUSIONS;224
12.3.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;224
12.3.10;REFERENCES;224
13;PART VIII: EXPERT SYSTEMS 1;229
13.1;Chapter 23. Expert system applications in computeraided design;229
13.1.1;INTRODUCTION;229
13.1.2;THE EXPERT SYSTEM - BUILD;230
13.1.3;DESIGN SYNTHESIS AT THE LOWER LEVEL OF DESIGN;230
13.1.4;RETAINING WALL DESIGN;231
13.1.5;KITCHEN DESIGN;234
13.1.6;DISCUSSION;236
13.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;236
13.1.8;REFERENCES;236
13.2;Chapter 24. DESTINY: a model for integrated structural design;237
13.2.1;1 INTRODUCTION;237
13.2.2;2 THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCESS;237
13.2.3;3 OVERVIEW OF DESTINY;239
13.2.4;4 BLACKBOARDREP RESENTATION;240
13.2.5;5 KNOWLEDGE - BASE;242
13.2.6;6 SUMMARY;246
13.2.7;7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;246
13.2.8;8 BIBLIOGRAPHY;246
13.3;Chapter 25. Expert systems and CAD databases;247
13.3.1;INTRODUCTION;247
13.3.2;ISSUES;247
13.3.3;INTERFACE MODEL;248
13.3.4;KADBASE ARCHITECTURE;250
13.3.5;EXAMPLE;252
13.3.6;CURRENT WORK;258
13.3.7;REFERENCES;259
14;PART IX: EXPERT SYSTEMS 2;260
14.1;Chapter 26. Some logic modelling strategies for expert systems;260
14.1.1;INTRODUCTION;260
14.1.2;WEAKNESSES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS;260
14.1.3;A SHORT HISTORY OF LOGIC;261
14.1.4;LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS;263
14.1.5;TWO ILLUSTRATIONS;264
14.1.6;CONCLUSION;268
14.1.7;FOOTNOTES;268
14.1.8;REFERENCES;269
14.2;Chapter 27. An elementary rule interpreter for architectural design;270
14.2.1;INTRODUCTION;270
14.2.2;SHAPE GENERATION USING SHAPE RULES;270
14.2.3;INTERPRETERS FOR SHAPE GRAMMARS;271
14.2.4;THE STRUCTURE OF ERIS;272
14.2.5;SHAPE RULES AND DESIGNS;273
14.2.6;ENHANCEMENTS;274
14.2.7;CONCLUSIONS;275
14.2.8;REFERENCES;276
14.3;Chapter 28. DARC: a knowledge based design assisting representation concept;281
14.3.1;1. The position of the D.RC-model;281
14.3.2;2. DARC: a Desigin Assisting Knowledge Based System;283
14.3.3;3. The DARC Knowledge Representation Language;288
14.3.4;4. Implementation;290
14.3.5;5 . References;291
14.4;Chapter 29. Development of knowledge-based designing system for generating multi-family housing;293
15;PART X: GEOMETRIC MODELLING 2;294
15.1;Chapter 30. An applicable model theory;294
15.1.1;INTRODUCTION;294
15.1.2;A THEORY OF MODELLING;294
15.1.3;AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY;300
15.1.4;CONCLUSION;301
15.1.5;REFERENCES;302
15.2;Chapter 31. Automatic calculus of tolerances in discrete part manufacturing;303
15.2.1;INTRODUCTION;303
15.2.2;REFERENCES;309
15.3;Chapter 32. The solid modelling of electrical wires on a computer graphics display screen;312
15.3.1;INTRODUCTION;312
15.3.2;STARTING CONDITIONS;313
15.3.3;2D DRAUGHTING APPROACH;313
15.3.4;THE BENEFITS SOUGHT;314
15.3.5;THE LIMITATIONS PONDERED;315
15.3.6;SOLID MODELLING APPROACH;315
15.3.7;CONCLUDING REMARKS;318
15.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;319
15.3.9;REFERENCES;319
15.3.10;APPENDIX;320
15.4;Chapter 33. A unified interactive geometric modeller for simulating highly complex environments;327
15.4.1;INTRODUCTION;327
15.4.2;INTERFACE;329
15.4.3;GEOMETRIC CREATION AND MODIFICATION;330
15.4.4;DATABASE;333
15.4.5;APPLICATIONS;335
15.4.6;CONCLUSION;339
15.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;339
15.4.8;REFERENCES;339
16;PART XI: INTERDISCIPLINARY CAD;341
16.1;Chapter 34. Minimal requirements for CAD in computer mapping;341
16.1.1;1. Introduction;341
16.1.2;2. Scope of computer mapping;341
16.1.3;3. Unused facilities;344
16.1.4;4. Enhancements to a CAD system for mapping;345
16.1.5;5. A specialised system for mapping;348
16.1.6;6. Disclaimer and acknowledgments;351
16.1.7;7. References;351
16.2;Chapter 35. Estate Management: computer-aided design potential;352
16.2.1;1.0 INTRODUCTION;352
16.2.2;2.0 INFORMATION SYSTEM;358
16.2.3;3.0 DISPLAY: EXISTING CONDITIONS;362
16.2.4;4.0 DISPLAY: ESTATE CONTROL PLANS;368
16.2.5;5.0 DISPLAY: STRATEGIC PLANNING;371
16.2.6;6.0 CONaUSIONS;374
16.3;Chapter 36. A system to create computer-aided art patterns;378
16.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;378
16.3.2;2. THE KNOWLEDGE REPRESPNTATIOIT OF PATTERN CONSTRUCTION;378
16.3.3;3. GENERATION OF PATTERN;381
16.3.4;4· ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGES;383
16.3.5;5. ORGANIZATION OF THE PATTERN CONSTRUCTION SUBSYSTEM;384
16.3.6;6· ORGANIZATION OF COLOR HARMONY SUBSYSTEM;384
16.3.7;7. THE PRINCIPLES OF COORDlNATION AND MAPPING;386
16.3.8;8. COMTROL STRATEGIES;387
16.3.9;9. CONCIUSIOlf;387
16.3.10;REFERENCES;388
16.4;Chapter 37. The role of process planning in computer integrated manufacture;390
16.4.1;INTRODUCTION;390
16.4.2;WHAT IS PROCESS PLANNING?;391
16.4.3;THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS PLANNING TO CIM;391
16.4.4;CURRENT CAPP TECHNOLOGY;392
16.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;394
16.4.6;DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY;395
17;PART XII: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING;396
17.1;Chapter 38. Geometrical design in electrical engineering by the finite element method;396
17.2;Chapter 39. Partitioning concepts for placement and applications;397
17.2.1;INTRODUCTION;397
17.2.2;1. Notation and Basic Definitions;397
17.2.3;2. Placement and Surrogate Graphs;398
17.2.4;3. Partitioning;401
17.2.5;4. A Supernode-Interchange Algorithm (SIA);403
17.2.6;5. Performance of SIA;404
17.2.7;6. Concluding Comments;405
17.2.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;405
17.2.9;REFERENCES;405
18;PART XIII: CONTROL;408
18.1;Chapter 40. Developments in computer aided control system design;408
18.1.1;INTRODUCTION;408
18.1.2;FUNCTIONS IN COMPUTER AIDED CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN (CACSD);409
18.1.3;TRENDS IN CACSD SOFTWARE;413
18.1.4;RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CACSD;414
18.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;415
18.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;416
18.1.7;REFERENCES;416
18.2;Chapter 41. The development of a graphical manmachine interface for computer-aided control system design;422
18.2.1;INTRODUCTON;422
18.2.2;MODEL CONSTRUCTION TOOLS;423
18.2.3;MANIPULATON OF GRAPHICAL SYSTEM DESCRIPnONS;424
18.2.4;SYMBOUC MANIPULATON OF SYSTEM DESCRIFHONS;424
18.2.5;THE INTERFACE TO CACSD TOOLS;425
18.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;425
18.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;426
18.2.8;REFERENCES;426
18.3;Chapter 42. A methodology for the design and implementation of graphical man machine interfaces;430
18.3.1;INTRODUCTION;430
18.3.2;Software Specifications;431
18.3.3;Argos;432
18.3.4;Process Mpdel;432
18.3.5;Problem Definition;433
18.3.6;Graphloal Programs;434
18.3.7;An Example Implementation;434
18.3.8;Applications;435
18.3.9;References;435
18.4;Chapter 43. A software infra- structure for Computer Aided Control in Engineering;442
18.4.1;INTRODUCTION;442
19;PART XIV: ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING DESIGN;444
19.1;Chapter 44. A realistic view on the use of CAD techniques in architecture and building design;444
19.1.1;HARDWARE;447
19.1.2;SOFTWARE;448
19.1.3;THE INFORMATION;448
19.1.4;BOTTLENECKS;448
19.1.5;ATTITUDE;449
19.1.6;REFERENCES;450
19.2;Chapter 45. Architecturally speaking: the use of speech technology in architectural design;451
19.2.1;INTRODUCTION;451
19.2.2;SPEECH TECHNOLOGY - A SUMMARY OF THE TOOLS AVAILABLE;451
19.2.3;AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WORKSTATION;453
19.2.4;SETTING UP THE CAPITOL SYSTEM TO PERMIT VOICE CONTROL;454
19.2.5;ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION ENVIRONMENT;455
19.2.6;DIALOGUE CONSIDERATIONS;455
19.2.7;CONVERTING APPLICATION SOFTWARE;457
19.2.8;CONCLUSION;458
19.2.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;458
19.2.10;REFERENCE;458
19.3;Chapter 46. Does your architectural CAD system understand you ?;459
19.4;Chapter 47. Cost and quantity information from CAD systems;460
19.4.1;INTRODUCTION;460
19.4.2;ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITIVE OUTPUT;460
19.4.3;DISADVANTAGES;461
19.4.4;QUANTITY OUTPUT GENERATION;462
19.4.5;SCHEDULES FROM CAD SYSTEMS;462
19.4.6;STANDARD METHODS OF MEASUREMENT;463
19.4.7;NEW METHODS OF MEASUREMENT;463
19.4.8;CONCLUSIONS;463
19.4.9;BIBLIOGRAPHY;464
19.5;Chapter 48. Reconstruction of three dimensional computer models from digitised stereo pictures;465
19.5.1;INTRODUCTION;465
19.5.2;TECHNICAL - HARDWARE AND PROGRAMMING;465
19.5.3;GRAPHICS DISPLAY;466
19.5.4;PRINCIPLES;466
19.5.5;RESULTS - FIRST PHASE;467
19.5.6;RESOLUTION;467
19.5.7;INITIAL SUGGESTIONS FOR SOLUTIONS;467
19.5.8;DIGITISED PHOTOGRAPHS;468
19.5.9;LINES AND PLANES;469
19.5.10;LINKS WITH A THERMAL MODEL;469
19.5.11;THERMAL DATA & MODELLING;470
19.5.12;SEMIAUTOMATIC GENERATION OF VECTOR IMAGES;470
19.5.13;SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT;471
19.5.14;REFERENCES;471
19.6;Chapter 49. SABINE: parametric data input language for acoustic modelling;474
19.6.1;INTRODUCTION;474
19.6.2;THE DESIGN OF THE LANGUAGE SABINE;476
19.6.3;CONCLUSION;486
19.6.4;REFERENCES;487