Solé / Sole / Bascompte Self-Organization in Complex Ecosystems

Course Book
ISBN: 978-1-4008-4293-3
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 42, 384 Seiten

Reihe: Monographs in Population Biology

No detailed description available for "Self-Organization in Complex Ecosystems".

Autoren/Hrsg.

Solé, Ricard

Sole, Ricard

Bascompte, Jordi

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Ökologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Figures and Tables xi

Acknowledgments xv

Chapter 1: Complexity in Ecological Systems 1

The Newtonian Paradigm in Physics 2

Dynamics and Thermodynamics 6

Emergent Properties 10

Ecosystems as Complex Adaptive Systems 13

Chapter 2: Nonlinear Dynamics 17

The Balance of Nature?17

Population Cycles 19

Catastrophes and Breakpoints 27

Deterministic Chaos 31

Evidence of Bifurcations in Nature 34

Unpredictability and Forecasting 42

The Ecology of Universality 48

Evidence of Chaos in Nature 50

Criticisms of Chaos 58

Complex Dynamics:The Interplay between Noise and Nonlinearities 61

Chapter 3: Spatial Self-Organization:From Pattern to Process 65

Space:The Missing Ingredient 65

Turing Instabilities 68

Coupled Map Lattice Models 84

Looking for Self-Organizing Spatial Patterns in Nature 95

Dispersal and Complex Dynamics 98

Spatial Synchrony in Population Cycles 108

When Is Space Relevant?A Trade-Off between
Simplicity and Realism 117

Coevolution and Diffusion in Phenotype Space 123

Chapter 4: Scaling and Fractals in Ecology 127

Scaling and Fractals 127

Fractal Time Series 137

Percolation 139

Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions 144

The Branching Process 146

The Contact Process:Complexity Made Simple 149

Random Walks and Levy Flights in Population Dynamics 151

Percolation and Scaling in Random Graphs 156

Ecological Multifractals 162

Self-Organized Critical Phenomena 165

Complexity from Simplicity 168

Chapter 5: Habitat Loss and Extinction Thresholds 171

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation 171

Extinction Thresholds in Metapopulation Models 173

Extinction Thresholds in Metacommunity Models 178

Food Web Structure and Habitat Loss 186

Percolation in Spatially Explicit Landscapes 191

Extinction Thresholds in Spatially Explicit Models 195

Analytical Models of Correlated Landscapes 199

More Realistic Models of Extinction Thresholds 206

Chapter 6: Complex Ecosystems:From Species to Networks 215

Stability and Complexity 215

N-Species Lotka-Volterra Models 218

Topological and Dynamic Constraints 223

Indirect Effects 226

Keystone Species and Evolutionary Dynamics 231

Complexity and Fragility in Food Webs 237

Community Assembly:The Importance of History 251

Scaling in Ecosystems:A Stochastic Quasi-Neutral Model 254

Chapter 7: Complexity in Macroevolution 263

Extinction and Diversification 263

Internal and External Factors 264

Scaling in the Fossil Recor 270

Competition and the Fossil Recor 276

Red Queen Dynamics 279

Evolution on Fitness Landscapes 282

Extinctions and Coherent Noise 292

NetworkModels of Macroevolution 295

Ecology as It Would Be: Artificial Life 304

Recovery after Mass Extinction 308

Implications for Current Ecologies 313

Appendix 1.Lyapunov Exponents for ID Maps 317

Appendix 2.Renormalization Group Analysis 319

Appendix 3.Stochastic Multispecies Model 321

References 325

Index 359

Über Autor(innen)

Ricard V. Solé is Professor of Research at the Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies in Spain, head of the Complex Systems Lab at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, external professor at the Santa Fe Institute, and Senior Member of the NASA-Associate Center of Astrobiology. His recent books include Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades Biology. Jordi Bascompte is Associate Professor of Research at the Spanish Research Council, and a Visiting Scientist at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was awarded a European Young Investigator Award, and is coeditor of Modeling Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Ecology.