Sun / Ong Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors

1. Auflage 2004
ISBN: 978-1-135-46138-6
Verlag: CRC Press
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 288 Seiten

While it is not possible to predict — or necessarily prevent — terrorist incidents in which chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are deployed, correctly chosen, fast, and reliable detection equipment will allow prepared rescue workers to respond quickly and minimize potential casualties.

Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors discusses the principles, instrumentation, and context for applying technologies such as ion mobility spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, colorimetric chemistry, and flame ionization to the detection of TICs and lethal CWAs. It conveys techniques — some of which have been patented by the authors — developed for generating vapors and closely imitating potential environmental effects in a laboratory setting, specifically for the testing and evaluation of hand-held, portable, and remote devices. This book also provides a comprehensive list of toxic industrial chemicals classified in terms of hazardousness and their physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Following a brief historical overview, the text also includes a review of federal detection requirements and the government’s rationale for preparedness and response.

By providing insight on the behavior of toxic chemicals, the authors hope to minimize the fear and chaotic effect in a potential event involving chemical agents. Well written and accessible to technical and non-technical audiences, no other book focuses on analytical methods and explains current detection devices for chemical warfare agents.

Zielgruppe

Emergency responders and counter-terrorism experts; researchers in chemical warfare agents; analytical and environmental practitioners; industrial hygienists; environmental and occupational health and safety professionals.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sun, Yin

Ong, Kwok Y.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION

Historical Overview

Chemical Warfare Agents

Toxic Industrial Compounds

CWA and TIC Detection

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND TOXIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Chemical, Physical, and Toxicological Properties

Toxic Properties

Common CWAs Nerve Agents, Blister Agents, Blood Agents

Toxic Industrial Compounds

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

CWA Detection Standards and Criteria for Deployment

Joint Services Operational Requirements for Chemical Agent Detectors

Objective and Approaches at Dugway Proving Ground

JCAD Requirements for Detection and Identification Functions

General Capabilities Necessary to Mitigate Vulnerability  Evaluation of Commercially Available Detection Devices for Certification as CWA Detectors

Safety Risk Assessment for Release of Tested, Contractor-Owned Materials to Contractor

VAPOR GENERATION TECHNIQUES

Gas Law and Gas Concentration

Vapor Generation Methods

Dilution and Mixing System

Comparison of Generation Techniques

Humidification of Generated Vapor

Generation of CWA or TIC Vapor with Interferent Vapor

CWA Simulants

DETECTOR SELECTION FACTORS  Selectivity  Sensitivity  Limit of Detection  Response Dynamic Range  Quantitative Analysis Capability  False Alarm Rate  Response Time  Resistance to Environmental Conditions  Setup and Warmup Time  Calibration/Verification in Field Applications  Other Factors

ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY

Principle of Operation

Instrumentation of Typical IMS Detector

Technique Specification

Applications

Fact Sheets for Selected IMS-Based Detectors

FLAME PHOTOMETRY

Principle of Operation

Instrumentation

Technical Specifications

Pulsed Flame Photometry

Applications

Fact Sheets on Selected Photometry-Based Detectors

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Principle of Operation

Instrumentation of Filter IR and Photoacoustic Detectors

Fourier Transform Infrared Detectors

Applications

Fact Sheets for Selected IR-Based Detectors

SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

Principle of Operation of SAW Devices

Instrumentation

Analysis Processes

Technical Specifications

Applications

Electrochemical Sensors

Fact Sheets for Selected SAW and/or Electrochemical Detectors

COLORIMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

Principle of Operation

Instrumentation

Applications

Fact Sheets on Selected Colorimetric-Technique—Based Detectors

PHOTOIONIZATION AND FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION TECHNIQUES

Photoionization Technique

Flame Ionization Technology

Comparison of Photoionization, Flame Ionization, and Flame Photometric Techniques Applications

FUTURE TRENDS IN CWA AND TIC DETECTION

Material Safety Data Sheet

Standing Operating Procedure

Index of Chemical Agent Detectors and Supplies and

Manufacturers

Glossary and Abbreviations

Bibliography

Index