Topalian Tradecraft Primer

A Framework for Aspiring Interrogators
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4987-5117-9
Verlag: CRC Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 156 Seiten

Tradecraft Primer: A Framework for Aspiring Interrogators is a timely and relevant reference manual for a new generation of professionals as we enter a new era in our nation’s interrogation programs. A must-read for anyone thinking of entering the interrogation profession, whether in law enforcement, the military, or intelligence, it provides fresh insights from the latest empirical-based studies that will enhance your results and contribute to best practices. It challenges past beliefs and legacy interrogation practices of previous generations by capturing novel approaches that no longer rely on physical and psychological coercion, unethical or questionable ruses, or abusive mistreatment.

Importantly, this primer also opens the door to valuable lessons from contemporary experts in human motivation and more effective social influence methodologies and tactics while you learn of the art and science behind rapport-building, effective communication constructs, and the influence of interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamics for use inside the interrogation room. In addition, it captures the "interrogation cycle" as a handy reference graphic. By reading this primer, you will learn how to reduce incidences of false confessions, mitigate eyewitness misidentification, and gain simple contemporary insights to outsmart liars and discern truth-tellers from deceivers.

As an advocate for a sea change in the way our nation’s interrogation programs are run and managed, this primer encourages a team approach to interrogations and emphasizes active engagement and oversight by supervisors in efforts to corroborate interrogation outcomes. It also asserts the need for the adoption of a common code of ethics shared among all practitioners—an ethical code created in deference to our nation’s Constitution, statutes, international treaties, and the policies of our nation’s leaders. One that encompasses the pledge and built on two underlying principles: Do no harm and respect human rights.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Topalian, Paul Charles

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Technische Informatik Computersicherheit
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Gewalt Terrorismus, Religiöser Fundamentalismus
• Rechtswissenschaften Strafrecht Rechtsmedizin, Forensik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Getting Our Terms Straight
The Need to Seek Common Ground
Redefining the Term "Interrogation"
Comparing Law Enforcement and Intelligence Interrogations
Other Associative Terms to Understand
Law Enforcement Custodial Interrogations
Law Enforcement Noncustodial Interrogations
Elicitation
Strategic Debriefing
Tactical Questioning
Confessions
Admissions

Interrogation’s Tortuous Past
Snapshots from Distant History
The Qin Dynasty
The Roman Empire
The Dark Ages
Salem Witch Trial
Napoleon Speaks Out!
The Wickersham Commission
Evolving Case Law
Brown v. Mississippi (1936) and Chambers v. Florida (1940)
Rochin v. California (1952)
Miranda v. California (1966)

Lessons from World War II
The Cold War Era
The U.S. Experience in the Korean War
On the Heels of the Vietnam Conflict

The U.S. Experience in the Vietnam Conflict

Enter the Global War on Terror

Renditions

Black Sites

Enhanced Interrogation Techniques

The Evolving Army Field Manual

A Major Force for Change

Rights of Persons in Custody
Constitutional Provisions Influencing Custodial Interrogations
Fifth Amendment
Sixth Amendment

Eighth Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

International Treaties Opposing Torture
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Geneva Conventions and Common Article 3
UN Convention against Torture

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Istanbul Protocol

U.S. Laws, Statutes, and Executive Orders against Torture
Torture Victims Protection Act (TVPA)
War Crime Act (WCA) – 18 USC §2441

Federal Torture Statute – 18 USC §2340-2340B
Detainee Treatment Act (DTA)
Military Commissions Act (MCA)
Executive Order 13491
Challenges Yet Ahead

On Being Human
Understanding Memory
Associated Factors Influencing Outcomes

Gisting

Reality Mapping

Stress
Passage of Time
Suggestibility and Memory Distortion

Situational Dynamics of Capture

Physical and Emotional Isolation

Fear

Guilt, Shame, and Humiliation

Physiological and Cognitive Factors

Perceptions

Physical Setting

Biases

Infliction of Pain and Threats of Bodily Injury

Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Dynamics
The Science of Rapport

Choose Your Words, Demeanor, and Tenor Wisely

Six Key Elements of Influencing Interpersonal Dynamics

Five Core Needs Influencing Interpersonal Dynamics

Put These Concepts into Action

The Interrogation Cycle
The Law Enforcement Interrogation Cycle

Collect Relevant Background Information
Frame Initial Questions
Noncustodial Interview and Assessment
Decision to Release or Detain in Custody, Mirandize, and Isolate
Develop Your Interrogation Strategy
Seek the Miranda Waiver
The Custodial Interrogation
Corroborate Outcomes
Decision to Refer to a Prosecutor, Release or Detain, and Repeat Cycle
The Intelligence Interrogation Cycle
Identify Threats and Priority Intelligence Gaps

Screen Detainees

Frame Initial Questions
Perform Pre-Interrogation Interview

Craft and Execute Your Interrogation Strategy

Corroborate Responses

About Confessions
Three Factors Influencing Confessions
Strength of Evidence

Time Commitment
Number of Tactics
Other Factors Influencing Confessions
Wrongful Convictions
Interrogation-Induced False Confessions
Eyewitness Misidentification

Jailhouse Informants
Facing Up to the Problem
Minimizing False Confessions

Eyewitness Reforms

Unmasking Deception
Outsmarting Liars
Integrity Is Not a Stable Trait
People Make Poor Lie Detectors
The Big Four of Nonverbal Cues
Content Analysis
Statement Analysis

Linguistic Markers
Facial Expressions
Uncovering Deception in a Co-Conspiratorial Context
Other Ways to Outsmart Liars
Time Well Spent
Being a Good Listener

Other Techniques

Calling for a Code of Ethics
The Need for a Code of Ethics
Leading the Change
Final Thoughts

Über Autor(innen)

Paul Charles Topalian possesses nearly 30 years as an intelligence professional with considerable overseas experience in Asia and Europe. His foundational expertise in this primer is built on assignments with the United States military, the intelligence community, and law enforcement. He holds a BA from Norwich University and earned his MS from Salve Regina University and his MA from the US Naval War College. He is proud recipient of several national-level intelligence awards for both personal and team achievements in support of some of our nation’s top intelligence requirements. He can be contacted at [e-mail].