Vainikka / Young-Scholten The Acquisition of German

Introducing Organic Grammar
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-11-026384-8
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 44, 419 Seiten

Reihe: Studies on Language Acquisition [SOLA]ISSN

Zielgruppe

Language and Linguistics Scholars, Graduate/Undergraduate Students Interested in First and Second Language Acquisition, Syntax, German Scholars

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vainikka, Anne

Young-Scholten, Martha

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Fremdsprachenerwerb und -didaktik
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF)
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Spracherwerb, Sprachentwicklung

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Chapter 1. Introduction;13
1.1;1.0. Setting the context of the book;13
1.2;1.1. Introduction to German and its verbs;17
1.3;1.2. Organic Grammar;21
1.4;1.3. The rest of this book;28
1.5;1.4. A reading guide;29
1.6;Extensions;29
2;Chapter 2. The Organic Syntax of Adult German;32
2.1;2.0. Introduction;32
2.2;2.1. Overview of syntax and inflectional morphology;33
2.3;2.2. The classic German tree;42
2.4;2.3. Problems with the classic analysis of German;48
2.4.1;2.3.1. Problem 1 (syntactic);48
2.4.2;2.3.2. Problem 2 (syntactic);49
2.4.3;2.3.3. Problem 3 (acquisition);50
2.4.4;2.3.4. Problem 4 (acquisition);51
2.5;2.4. English functional projections in Organic Grammar;52
2.6;2.5. The Master Tree in end-state adult German;58
2.7;2.6. Comparing the German and English Master Trees;67
2.8;2.7. Summary;68
2.9;Extensions;68
2.9.1;1. Koopman’s argument;68
2.9.2;2. Kayne’s (1994) and Zwart’s (1994) proposals;69
2.9.3;3. Are the specifier positions in German A- or A’-positions?;70
2.9.4;4. Post-Minimalist syntactic approaches that are not suitable for acquisition data;71
3;Chapter 3. Organic Grammar and L1 acquisition;75
3.1;3.0. Introduction;75
3.2;3.1. Strong and weak continuity in acquisition;78
3.3;3.2. Root defaults in L1 acquisition;81
3.4;3.3. Beyond Root Defaults in L1 acquisition;88
3.5;3.4. Stages of development in L1 German;95
3.5.1;3.4.1. Is the earliest syntactic stage a VP-stage or an FP-Stage?;99
3.5.2;3.4.2. The development of NegP;101
3.5.3;3.4.3. The development of TP (previously FP);104
3.5.4;3.4.4. The development of AgrP;107
3.5.5;3.4.5. The development of the CP;111
3.6;3.5. Summary;112
3.7;Extensions;113
3.7.1;1. The post-80s syntactic theories and acquisition;113
3.7.2;2. On Root Default terminology (and a note on rich inflection);114
3.7.3;3. Some more negation examples from adult German (and a slight problem);115
3.7.4;4. An idea about parameter setting and functional projections;116
3.7.5;5. Access to UG in L2A and the Critical Period;117
4;Chapter 4. Second language acquisition at the VP level;120
4.1;4.0. Introduction;120
4.2;4.1. Current issues in the L2 acquisition of morphosyntax;120
4.3;4.2. Claims regarding the initial state in L2;127
4.4;4.3. L2 learners’ earliest syntax;129
4.4.1;4.3.1. VP transfer;129
4.4.2;4.3.2. Root Defaults (Infinitives) in L2 acquisition;132
4.5;4.4. The predicted stages of acquisition in L2 German;135
4.6;4.5. The VP-stage of L2 adult learners of German;139
4.6.1;4.5.1. The VP stage for head-final L1 speakers (Korean and Turkish);140
4.6.2;4.5.2. The VP-stage for head-initial L1: Romance speakers;147
4.6.3;4.5.3. Head-initial VP L1: English speakers;156
4.7;4.6. Other views of L2 German and the VP-level data;166
4.8;4.7. Summary;170
4.9;Extensions;170
4.9.1;1. The earliest stages of Child L2 German;170
4.9.2;2. The Grammatical Mapping Paradigm;175
5;Chapter 5. Second language acquisition at the IP level;176
5.1;5.0. Introduction;176
5.2;5.1. The acquisition of functional projections in a second language;178
5.3;5.2. The development of the NegP projection;183
5.4;5.3. Verb raising, FP and TP;196
5.4.1;5.3.1. Background on the head-final languages, Korean and Turkish, and data collection;199
5.4.2;5.3.2. FP in the data of L1 Turkish/Korean speakers;204
5.4.3;5.3.3. Turkish/Korean Learners at a late FP-stage;208
5.4.4;5.3.4. FP in the data from speakers of the head-initial languages Spanish and Italian;209
5.4.5;5.3.5. FP or TP in the L1 English speakers’ data;217
5.5;5.4. The AgrP projection;223
5.5.1;5.4.1. The Turkish and Korean learners’ AgrP projection;224
5.5.2;5.4.2. Agreement in the Romance speakers’ data;229
5.5.3;5.4.3. The English speakers’ AgrP projection;229
5.6;5.5. Is there evidence of L1 influence?;236
5.7;5.6. Summary;238
5.8;Extensions;239
5.8.1;1. Organic Grammar and Minimalism;239
5.8.2;2. Finiteness Linking;239
5.8.3;3. Early ‘is/ist’ in L2 Dutch and German;240
5.8.4;4. Modals and auxiliaries, and the AgrP;241
6;Chapter 6. Differences in triggering between children and adults;243
6.1;6.0. Introduction;243
6.2;6.1. Segmenting the stream of speech;244
6.3;6.2. Triggers and parameters;246
6.4;6.3. L2 acquisition of German by children;250
6.5;6.4. A triggering difference between children and adults;255
6.6;6.5. Triggering syntactic projections;260
6.6.1;6.5.1. Triggering NegP;261
6.6.2;6.5.2. Triggering FP and TP;261
6.6.3;6.5.3. AgrP;264
6.7;6.6. Why do L2 adults raise non-finite forms?;266
6.7.1;6.6.1. Processing and prosodic explanations;267
6.7.2;6.6.2. Missing Surface Inflection and raising of RDs;269
6.7.3;6.6.3. Our analysis of raised Root Defaults;272
6.8;6.7. Summary;273
6.9;Extensions;273
6.9.1;1. Early ‘ist’ in instructed children’s data;273
6.9.2;2. Early ‘ist’ in Paul’s data – a potential trigger?;274
7;Chapter 7. The second language acquisition of the CP projection;276
7.1;7.0. Introduction;276
7.2;7.1. The German CP and the headedness of AgrP;279
7.3;7.2. CP and speakers of head-final languages;283
7.4;7.3. The head-initial (Romance) learners;288
7.5;7.4. CP and potential evidence against Organic Grammar;291
7.5.1;7.4.1. Type 1 data;291
7.5.2;7.4.2. Type 2 data;291
7.5.3;7.4.3. Type 3 data;294
7.5.4;7.4.4. Type 4 data;298
7.6;7.5. CP in the VYSA data (L1 English);300
7.6.1;7.5.1. Matrix WH-questions and the CP projection;300
7.6.2;7.5.2. Embedded clauses and the CP projection;310
7.6.3;7.5.3. Headedness of the CP and the AgrP;315
7.7;7.6. Summary;321
7.8;Extensions;321
7.8.1;1. IP vs. CP in Bhatt and Hancin-Bhatt’s (2002) data;321
7.8.2;2. More than one CP-level projection;323
8;Chapter 8. Naturalistic learners and unsolved problems in SLA;324
8.1;8.0. Introduction;324
8.2;8.1. The role of input;325
8.2.1;8.1.1. Input quantity;327
8.2.2;8.1.2. Input quality;328
8.3;8.2. Meta-linguistic awareness and meta-linguistic knowledge;331
8.4;8.3. Input and meta-linguistic awareness in the data of Joan, Paul and George;336
8.4.1;8.3.1. The VYSA learners’ exposure to German;337
8.4.2;8.3.2. Meta-linguistic awareness in the VYSA data;339
8.4.3;8.3.3. Case, gender, and meta-linguistic awareness;349
8.5;8.4. George’s meta-linguistic baggage;352
8.6;8.5. Grammar Lite;356
8.7;8.6. Inflectional morphology in adult L2 acquisition;358
8.8;8.7. Conclusion;360
9;References;362
10;Index;416

Über Autor(innen)

Young-Scholten, Martha
Martha Young-Scholten, University of Newcastle, UK.

Vainikka, Anne
Anne Vainikka, Johns Hopkins University, USA.

Anne Vainikka, Johns Hopkins University, USA; Martha Young-Scholten, University of Newcastle, UK