Buch, Englisch, 348 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 608 g
Reihe: Handbook of Lipid Research
Buch, Englisch, 348 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 608 g
Reihe: Handbook of Lipid Research
ISBN: 978-1-4684-5355-3
Verlag: Springer
Phospholipases are a class of ubiquitous enzymes that have in common their substrate and the fact that they are all esterases. Beyond that, they are a diverse group of enzymes that fall into two broad categories, the acyl hydro lases and the phosphodiesterases. The former group is made up of the phos pholipases Al and A, phospholipase B, and the lysophospholipases. On the 2 other hand, the phosphodiesterases are the phospholipases C and D. The scheme indicates the site of attack of each type of phospholipase. PLA 1 PLB~j ft 0\ ~-C-O-C-R d ~ 2 I 1 R-C-0-C-H 0 2 /H2-6-0-U-0-x PLA, ~ 6- '" PLC PLD The lysophospholipases, not shown, have in some cases properties similar to phospholipase B and are known to attack the acyl ester at either position 1 or position 2 of the glycerol backbone. Furthermore, some of the phos pholipases C and D do not hydrolyze phosphoglycerides but use sphingo myelinase as their substrate. These phospholipases C are also referred to as sphingomyelinases. The products of that reaction are phosphocholine plus ceramide.
Zielgruppe
Research
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1 Assay of Phospholipases.- 1.1. General Considerations and Choice of Assay.- 1.2. Methods of Assay.- 2 Bacterial Acyl Hydrolases (Phospholipases A, B, and Lysophospholipases).- 2.1. General Considerations.- 3 Bacterial Phosphodiesterases (Phospholipases C and D).- 3.1. General Considerations.- 3.2. Bacterial Phospholipases D.- 3.3. Summary.- 4 Other Microorganisms.- 4.1. General Comments.- 4.2. Penicillium notatum.- 4.3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- 4.4. Amoebic Phospholipases.- 4.5. Tetrahymena pyriformis.- 5 Plant Phospholipases.- 5.1. General Considerations.- 5.2. Initial Studies.- 5.3. Purification of Phospholipase D.- 5.4. Transphosphatidylation and Substrate Specificity.- 5.5. Factors Regulating Phospholipase D Action.- 5.6. Function of Plant Phospholipases D.- 6 Cellular Phospholipases Al and Lysophospholipases of Mammals.- 6.1. General Introduction to Cellular Phospholipases from Mammals.- 6.2. Phospholipase A1: General Considerations.- 6.3. Lysophospholipases: General Considerations.- 7 Phospholipase A2 of Mammalian Cells.- 7.1. General Considerations.- 7.2. Phospholipase A2 of Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes).- 7.3. Phospholipase A2 of Brain.- 7.4. Phospholipase A2 of Platelet.- 7.5. Phospholipase A2 of Macrophages.- 7.6. Phospholipase A2 of Erythrocytes.- 7.7. Phospholipase A2 of Liver Mitochondria.- 7.8. Phospholipase A2 of Lung Exudate.- 7.9. Phospholipases A2 in Cultured Tumor Cells.- 7.10. Intestinal Phospholipase A2.- 7.11. Heart Phospholipase A2.- 7.12. Spleen Phospholipase A2.- 8 Phospholipases C and Phospholipases D of Mammalian Cells.- 8.1. General Considerations.- 8.2. Mammalian Phospholipases C: Historical Background.- 8.3. Sphingomyelinases.- 8.4. Phospholipase D.- 8.5. Summary.- 9 Pancreatic and Snake Venom Phospholipases A2.- 9.1. General Considerations.- 9.2. Purification, Activation, and Some Characteristics of the Pancreatic Phospholipase A2.- 9.3. Snake Venom Phospholipases A2.- 9.4. Structure of the Phospholipases A2.- 9.5. Functionality of Amino Acids in Venom and Pancreatic Phospholipases A2: Enzyme Modification.- 10 Mechanism of Phospholipase A2 Action.- 10.1. General Considerations.- 10.2. Metal Ion Binding to the Enzyme.- 10.3. Phospholipase Substrate Binding.- 10.4 Mechanism of Phospolipase A2 Hydrolysis.- 11 Function of Phospholipases.- 11.1. General Considerations.- 11.2. The Phosphatidylinositol (PI) Cycle and the Arachidonate Cascade.- 11.3. Phospholipases in Digestion of Dietary Fat.- 11.4. Phospholipases in Lipoprotein Metabolism.- 11.5. Action of Snake-Venom Enzymes.- 11.6. Phospholipases as Structural Probes.- 11.7. Summary.- References.
