Walter Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere

2. Auflage 1979
ISBN: 978-1-4684-0468-5
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, eBook

Reihe: Heidelberg Science Library

Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Walter, Heinrich

Weitere Mitwirkende

Wieser, Joy

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction: The Classification of Ecological Systems.- Introduction: The Classification of Ecological Systems.- General Section.- General Section.- I Zonobiome of the Equatorial Diurnal Climate With Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest.- I Zonobiome of the Equatorial Diurnal Climate With Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest.- Zonoecotone I/III—Semievergreen Forest.- II Zonobiome of the Tropical Summer-Rain Region With Deciduous Forests.- Zonoecotone II/III—Climatic Savannas.- III Zonobiome of the Subtropical Deserts.- Zonoecotone III/IV—Semidesert.- IV Zonobiome of the Winter-Rain Region and the Zonoecotone Toward More Humid Zones.- V Zonobiome of the Warm-Temperate Humid Climate Region.- VI Zonobiome of the Temperate-Nemoral Climate.- Zonoecotone VI/VII—Forest-Steppe.- VII Zonobiome of the Arid-Temperate Climate.- Zonoecotone VI/VIII—Boreonemoral Zone.- VIII Zonobiome of the Cold-Temperate Boreal Climate.- Zonoecotone VIII/IX—Forest Tundra.- IX Zonobiome of the Tundra Climate.- Summary.- Summary.- References.