Wilson Methods in Plant Cell Biology, Part A

1. Auflage 1995
ISBN: 978-0-08-085947-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 49, 573 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Methods in Cell Biology

Methods in Plant Cell Biology provides in two volumes a comprehensive collection of analytical methods essential for researchers and students in the plant sciences. Individual chapters, written by experts in the field, provide an introductory overview, followed by a step-by-step technical description of the methods.Key Features* Written by experts, many of whom have developed the individual methods described* Contains most, if not all, the methods needed for modern research in plant cell biology* Up-to-date and comprehensive* Full references* Allows quick access to relevant journal articles and to the sources of chemicals required for the procedures* Selective concentration on higher plant methods allows for particular emphasis on those problems specific to plants

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wilson, Leslie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 49;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributers;16
6;Preface;20
7;Part I: Techniques for Examination of Cells within Tissues;22
7.1;Chapter 1. Advances in High-pressure and Plunge-Freeze Fixation;24
7.1.1;I. Introduction;25
7.1.2;II. Plunge-Freeze Fixation;28
7.1.3;III. High-pressure Freeze Fixation;32
7.1.4;IV. Results and Discussion;35
7.1.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;38
7.1.6;References;38
7.2;Chapter 2. Ion Localization and X-Ray Microanalysis;42
7.2.1;I. Introduction;42
7.2.2;II. Plant Materials;43
7.2.3;III. The Choice of Methods;43
7.2.4;IV. Cryo-SEM and X-Ray Microanalysis;44
7.2.5;V. Freeze Substitution and TEM;47
7.2.6;VI. Other Preparative Techniques;49
7.2.7;VII. Other Machinery Used for Ion Localization;50
7.2.8;VIII. Conclusions;51
7.2.9;References;51
7.3;Chapter 3. Freeze–Fracture Deep–Etch Methods;54
7.3.1;I. Introduction;54
7.3.2;II. Materials;55
7.3.3;III. Methods;56
7.3.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;59
7.3.5;V. Conclusions;63
7.3.6;References;64
7.4;Chapter 4. Advances in Immunoelectron Microscopy;66
7.4.1;I. Introduction;66
7.4.2;II. Tissue Preparation;67
7.4.3;III. On-Grid Section Labeling;69
7.4.4;IV. Protocols;73
7.4.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;76
7.4.6;References;76
7.5;Chapter 5. Freeze–Substitution;78
7.5.1;I. Introduction;78
7.5.2;II. Freeze-Substitution;78
7.5.3;III. Conclusion and Perspectives;88
7.5.4;References;88
7.6;Chapter 6. Cell Optical Displacement Assay (CODA) —Measurements of Cytoskeletal Tension in Living Plant Cells with a Laser Optical Trap;92
7.6.1;I. Introduction;92
7.6.2;II. Optical Trapping—A Tool for Cellular Measurements and Manipulations;95
7.6.3;III. Cell Optical Displacement Assay (CODA)—A Quantitative Tool for Tension Analysis in the Cytoskeleton of Living Plant Cells;96
7.6.4;IV. CODA and the Plant Cell—Conclusions;102
7.6.5;References;104
7.7;Chapter 7. Methods in Plant Immunolight Microscopy;106
7.7.1;I. Introduction;107
7.7.2;II. Preparing Isolated Cells for Immunostaining;110
7.7.3;III. Immunostaining;118
7.7.4;IV. Mounting;121
7.7.5;V. Image Recording;122
7.7.6;VI. Sectioning Intact Tissues for Immunostaining;123
7.7.7;VII. Perspectives;126
7.7.8;References;127
7.8;Chapter 8. Confocal Epipolarization Microscopy of Gold Probes in Plant Cells and Protoplasts;130
7.8.1;I. Introduction;130
7.8.2;II. Configuring a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope for Epipolarization;131
7.8.3;III. Imaging Colloidal Gold in Protoplasts;134
7.8.4;IV. Imaging Biolistically Delivered Gold Beads;140
7.8.5;V. Conclusions;140
7.8.6;References;141
7.9;Chapter 9. Monoclonal Antibodies to Cell-Specific Cell Surface Carbohydrates in Plant Cell Biology and Development;144
7.9.1;I. Applications;145
7.9.2;II. Methods;165
7.9.3;III. Perspectives;168
7.9.4;References;170
7.10;Chapter 10. Epitope Tagging for the Detection of Fusion Protein Expression in Transgenic Plants;174
7.10.1;I. Introduction;174
7.10.2;II. Methods;175
7.10.3;III. Results and Discussion;179
7.10.4;IV. Conclusions and Perspectives;179
7.10.5;References;182
7.11;Chapter 11. In Situ Enzyme Histochemistry on Plastic–Embedded Plant Material;184
7.11.1;I. Introduction;184
7.11.2;II. Methods;185
7.11.3;III. Results and Discussion;189
7.11.4;IV. Conclusion;194
7.11.5;References;194
7.12;Chapter 12. In Situ Hybridization;196
7.12.1;I. Introduction;196
7.12.2;II. Which Protocol to Use?;197
7.12.3;III. Labels, Tags, and Detection Systems;199
7.12.4;IV. Probe Types;201
7.12.5;V. Hybridization Conditions;207
7.12.6;VI. Controls;211
7.12.7;VII. New Techniques;211
7.12.8;References;212
7.13;Chapter 13. Localization of RNA by High Resolution in Situ Hybridization;216
7.13.1;I. Introduction;216
7.13.2;II. Principles of in Situ Hybridization Technique at the Electron Microscopy Level;217
7.13.3;III. Materials;219
7.13.4;IV. Methods;219
7.13.5;V. Results and Discussion;226
7.13.6;VI. Perspectives;228
7.13.7;References;230
7.14;Chapter 14. Recombinant Aequorin Methods for Intracellular Calcium Measurement in Plants;232
7.14.1;I. Introduction;232
7.14.2;II. Expression of Recombinant Aequorin in Plants;235
7.14.3;III. Reconstitution of Aequorin;237
7.14.4;IV. Measurement of Light;238
7.14.5;V. Perspectives;244
7.14.6;References;246
7.15;Chapter 15. Confocal Microscopy of the Shoot Apex;248
7.15.1;I. Introduction;248
7.15.2;II. Materials;249
7.15.3;III. Methods;250
7.15.4;IV. Results and Discussion;256
7.15.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;259
7.15.6;References;260
7.16;Chapter 16. Measurements of Wall Stress Relaxation in Growing Plant Cells;262
7.16.1;I. Introduction;262
7.16.2;II. Theory Underlying the Method;263
7.16.3;III. Materials;264
7.16.4;IV. Methods;267
7.16.5;V. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;269
7.16.6;VI. Results and Interpretation;270
7.16.7;VII. Conclusion and Perspectives;273
7.16.8;References;273
7.17;Chapter 17. High-Resolution NMR Methods for Study of Higher Plants;276
7.17.1;I. Introduction;276
7.17.2;II. Materials;277
7.17.3;III. Methods;281
7.17.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedures;284
7.17.5;V. Results and Discussion;287
7.17.6;VI. Conclusions and Perspectives;287
7.17.7;References;288
7.18;Chapter 18. Electrophysiology;290
7.18.1;I. Introduction;290
7.18.2;II. Materials and Methods;291
7.18.3;III. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;300
7.18.4;IV. Results and Discussion;302
7.18.5;V. Conclusion and Perspectives;304
7.18.6;References;304
7.19;Chapter 19. Ion-Selective Microelectrodes for Measurement of Intracellular Ion Concentrations;306
7.19.1;I. Introduction;306
7.19.2;II. Materials;312
7.19.3;III. Methods;313
7.19.4;IV. Results;319
7.19.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;321
7.19.6;References;321
7.20;Chapter 20. Patch-Clamping Plant Cells Patch-Clamping Plant Cells;324
7.20.1;I. Introduction;324
7.20.2;II. Materials and Methods;326
7.20.3;III. Results and Discussion;330
7.20.4;References;332
8;Part II: Techniques for Manipulation and Analysis of Different Cell Types;334
8.1;Chapter 21. Methods for Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cell Separation;336
8.1.1;I. Introduction;336
8.1.2;II. Materials;338
8.1.3;III. Methods;339
8.1.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;341
8.1.5;V. Results and Discussion;342
8.1.6;VI. Conclusion and Perspectives;344
8.1.7;References;344
8.2;Chapter 22. Synchronization of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants;346
8.2.1;I. Introduction;346
8.2.2;II. Application;349
8.2.3;III. Plant Materials;349
8.2.4;IV. Procedures;350
8.2.5;V. Critical Aspects for Synchronization;351
8.2.6;VI. Results;351
8.2.7;VII. Discussion;358
8.2.8;References;359
8.3;Chapter 23. Genetic Tagging of Cells and Cell Layers for Studies of Plant Development;362
8.3.1;I. Introduction;362
8.3.2;II. Chimeras;363
8.3.3;III. Spontaneous Sectors;369
8.3.4;IV. Sectors Induced at Specific Stages of Development;373
8.3.5;V. Sector Boundary Analysis;375
8.3.6;VI. Pattern Determination;377
8.3.7;VII. Perspectives;380
8.3.8;References;381
8.4;Chapter 24. Chemically Induced Mitotic Synchrony in Root Apical Meristems;386
8.4.1;I. Introduction;386
8.4.2;II. Materials and Recipes;387
8.4.3;III. Aspects of the Procedure;389
8.4.4;IV. Methods;392
8.4.5;V. Perspectives;395
8.4.6;References;395
8.5;Chapter 25. Manipulation of Pollen Grains for Gametophytic and Sporophytic Types of Growth;398
8.5.1;I. Introduction;398
8.5.2;II. Materials and Methods;399
8.5.3;III. Critical Aspects of the Procedures;405
8.5.4;IV. Conclusions and Perspectives;405
8.5.5;References;406
8.6;Chapter 26. Root Border Cells as Tools in Plant Cell Studies;408
8.6.1;I. Introduction;409
8.6.2;II. Materials;410
8.6.3;III. Methods;410
8.6.4;IV. Special Considerations;413
8.6.5;V. Applications of Border Cells in Teaching and Research;415
8.6.6;VI. Summary and Perspectives;417
8.6.7;References;417
9;Part III: Signal Transduction and Information Transfer;420
9.1;Chapter 27. In Vivo Footprinting of Protein–DNA Interactions;422
9.1.1;I. Introduction;422
9.1.2;II. Materials;423
9.1.3;III. Methods;425
9.1.4;IV. Typical Results and Discussion;428
9.1.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;430
9.1.6;References;430
9.2;Chapter 28. The Interaction Trap: In Vivo Analysis of Protein–Protein Associations;432
9.2.1;I. Introduction;432
9.2.2;II. Materials;434
9.2.3;III. Methods;435
9.2.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;444
9.2.5;V. Conclusions and Perspectives;445
9.2.6;References;446
9.3;Chapter 29. Cloning Plant Genes by Complementation of Yeast Mutants;448
9.3.1;I. Introduction;448
9.3.2;II. Materials and Methods;450
9.3.3;III. Critical Aspects of the Procedures;457
9.3.4;IV. Results and Discussion;458
9.3.5;V. Conclusion and Perspectives;459
9.3.6;References;460
9.4;Chapter 30. Differential mRNA Display;462
9.4.1;I. Introduction;462
9.4.2;II. Methods;463
9.4.3;III. Critical Aspects of the Technique;467
9.4.4;IV. Potential Modifications of the Procedure;468
9.4.5;V. Results and Discussion;469
9.4.6;VI. Conclusions and Perspectives;471
9.4.7;References;471
9.5;Chapter 31. Molecular Methods for Isolation of Signal Transduction Pathway Mutants;472
9.5.1;I. Introduction;472
9.5.2;II. Method I: Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana;474
9.5.3;III. Method II: Screen/Selection for Signal Transduction Pathway Mutants;477
9.5.4;IV. Genetic Characterization;483
9.5.5;V. Results and Discussion;484
9.5.6;VI. Conclusions;484
9.5.7;References;485
9.6;Chapter 32. Induction of Signal Transduction Pathways through Promoter Activation;486
9.6.1;I. Introduction;486
9.6.2;II. Materials;487
9.6.3;III. Methods;489
9.6.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedure;495
9.6.5;V. Discussion;497
9.6.6;References;499
9.7;Chapter 33. In Vitro Analysis of G-Protein Functions;502
9.7.1;I. Introduction;502
9.7.2;II. Materials;506
9.7.3;III. Methods for Detecting G Proteins;506
9.7.4;IV. Analysis of G-Protein Involvement in Cellular Processes;511
9.7.5;V. Conclusion;513
9.7.6;References;513
9.8;Chapter 34. Production of Recombinant Plant Calmodulin and Its Use to Detect Calmodulin-Binding Proteins;518
9.8.1;I. Introduction;518
9.8.2;II. Materials;519
9.8.3;III. Methods;520
9.8.4;IV. Critical Aspects of the Procedures;525
9.8.5;V. Results;526
9.8.6;References;530
9.9;Chapter 35. Analysis of the Light Signaling Pathway in Stomatal Guard Cells;532
9.9.1;I. Introduction;532
9.9.2;II. Materials and Methods;533
9.9.3;III. Results and Discussion;538
9.9.4;IV. Conclusions and Perspectives;543
9.9.5;References;543
9.10;Chapter 36. Immunocytochemical Localization of Receptor Protein Kinases in Plants;546
9.10.1;I. Introduction;546
9.10.2;II. Immunolocalization in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue by Light Microscopy;549
9.10.3;III. Immunolocalization in Plastic-Embedded Tissue by Light Microscopy;554
9.10.4;IV. Immunolocalization by Electron Microscopy;555
9.10.5;V. Formulations;558
9.10.6;VI. Conclusions;558
9.10.7;References;559
9.11;Chapter 37. Expression and Assay of Autophosphorylation of Recombinant Protein Kinases;562
9.11.1;I. Introducton;563
9.11.2;II. Materials;563
9.11.3;III. Selecting the Region of a Protein Kinase Molecule to Express;563
9.11.4;IV. Choosing the Best Expression Vector;564
9.11.5;V. Choice of E. coli Strains for Heterologous Protein Expression;565
9.11.6;VI. Isolation of Fusion Proteins;566
9.11.7;VII. Demonstration of Protein Kinase Activity;567
9.11.8;VIII. Determining the Number of Autophosphorylation Sites;569
9.11.9;IX. Discussion and Conclusions;570
9.11.10;References;571
9.12;Chapter 38. Transmembrane Signaling and Phosphoinositides;574
9.12.1;I. Introduction;574
9.12.2;II. Materials;575
9.12.3;III. Methods and Critical Aspects of the Procedures;577
9.12.4;IV. Conclusions and Perspectives;582
9.12.5;References;583
10;Index;586
11;Volumes in Series;600