Wu Impinging Streams

Fundamentals, Properties and Applications
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-08-055462-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 390 Seiten

The original idea of IS is to send two solid-gas streams to impinge against each other at high velocity, enhancing transfer between phases. IS is classified into two kinds: Gas-continuous impinging streams (GIS) and Liquid-continuous ones (LIS). Impinging Streams describes fundamentals, major properties and application of IS, as a category of novel technologies in chemical engineering. Because of the universality of transfer phenomena, it is receiving widespread attention. This book represents the first book in this area for over 10 years and covers achievements and technologies.
* describing clearly the properties of Gas-continuous and Liquid-continuous impinging streams
* introducing new technical devices
* includes a number of worked application cases, which are illustrated in detail

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wu, Yuan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover ;1
2;Impinging Streams: Fundamentals – Properties – Applications;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Contents ;12
5;Foreword;6
6;Acknowledgments;10
7;Introduction;18
7.1;1 Enhancement of transfer between phases and origin of impinging streams;18
7.2;2 Basic principles of impinging streams;21
7.3;3 Experimental evidence for enhancing transfer;23
7.4;4 Other performances of impinging streams;24
7.5;5 Extension of impinging stream technology;26
8;Part I: Gas-Continuous Impinging Streams;34
8.1;Chapter 1. Flow of Continuous Phase;36
8.1.1;1.1 Flow characteristics;36
8.1.2;1.2 Velocity field in laminar impinging streams;42
8.1.3;1.3 Experimental results for the flow field in impinging streams;49
8.1.4;1.4 Turbulent impinging streams;53
8.2;Chapter 2. Particle Behavior;58
8.2.1;2.1 Motion of a single particle in co-axial horizontal impinging streams;58
8.2.2;2.2 Experimental results on the behavior of a single particle in co-axial horizontal two-impinging streams;69
8.2.3;2.3 Behavior of a single particle in co-axial vertical impinging streams;73
8.2.4;2.4 Behavior of particle crowds in impinging streams;76
8.3;Chapter 3. Residence Time of Particles and its Distribution;84
8.3.1;3.1 Theoretical consideration;84
8.3.2;3.2 Method for experimental measurement of particles' residence time distribution;94
8.3.3;3.3 Relationships for fitting data;101
8.3.4;3.4 Major experimental results for RTD of particles;103
8.3.5;3.5 Remarks;106
8.4;Chapter 4. Hydraulic Resistance of Impinging Stream Devices;108
8.4.1;4.1 Theoretical consideration;109
8.4.2;4.2 Experimental equipment and procedure;113
8.4.3;4.3 Major results from the experimental study;115
8.4.4;4.4 Evaluation of power consumption and discussions related to application;122
8.5;Chapter 5. Influence of Impinging Streams on Dispersity of Liquids;124
8.5.1;5.1 Statement of the problem;124
8.5.2;5.2 Experimental equipment and procedure;126
8.5.3;5.3 Major results of the investigation;128
8.5.4;5.4 Concluding remarks;134
8.6;Chapter 6. Impinging Stream Drying;136
8.6.1;6.1 Introduction;136
8.6.2;6.2 Earlier research and development;138
8.6.3;6.3 Circulative impinging stream drying;151
8.6.4;6.4 Concluding remarks;168
8.7;Chapter 7. Impinging Stream Absorption;170
8.7.1;7.1 Adaptability of impinging streams for gas–liquid reaction systems;170
8.7.2;7.2 Earlier investigations;172
8.7.3;7.3 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (I) General considerations;179
8.7.4;7.4 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (II) Investigations in Israel;181
8.7.5;7.5 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (III) Investigations in China;186
8.7.6;7.6 Design of a device for large gas flow rates;203
8.8;Chapter 8. Impinging Streams Combustion and Grinding;208
8.8.1;8.1 Models for particles and droplets combustion;208
8.8.2;8.2 Intensification of combustion processes due to impinging streams;213
8.8.3;8.3 Impinging stream combustors;215
8.8.4;8.4 Impinging stream grinding;218
9;Part II: Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams;222
9.1;Chapter 9. Differences Between Properties of Continuous Phases and Classification of Impinging Streams;224
9.1.1;9.1 Progress of investigation on liquid-continuous impinging streams;224
9.1.2;9.2 Differences between properties of continuous phases and their influences on the performance of impinging streams;225
9.1.3;9.3 Supplementary classification of impinging streams;228
9.2;Chapter 10. Micromixing In Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams;230
9.2.1;10.1 Macromixing and micromixing;230
9.2.2;10.2 Methods for investigation of mixing problems;231
9.2.3;10.3 Flow and macromixing in SCISR;233
9.2.4;10.4 Micromixing in SCISR;239
9.2.5;10.5 Micromixing in impinging stream reactor without circulation;250
9.2.6;10.6 Comparison between the investigations on micromixing in LIS as concluding remarks;252
9.3;Chapter 11. Pressure Fluctuation in the Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor;254
9.3.1;11.1 Investigation method of pressure fluctuation;254
9.3.2;11.2 Experimental equipment and procedure;257
9.3.3;11.3 Experimental results and discussion;259
9.3.4;11.4 Conclusions and discussion;267
9.4;Chapter 12. Influence of Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams on Process Kinetics;270
9.4.1;12.1 Qualitative analysis for the influences of pressure fluctuation and micromixing;270
9.4.2;12.3 Kinetics of ethyl acetate saponification;282
9.4.3;12.4 Concluding remarks;283
9.5;Chapter 13. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction–Precipitation in Impinging Streams I: "Ultrafine" White Carbon Black;286
9.5.1;13.1 Adaptability of liquid-continuous impinging streams for preparation of ultrafine powders;287
9.5.2;13.2 Properties of white carbon black and chemical reactions in its preparation by precipitation processes;288
9.5.3;13.3 Experimental equipment and procedure;290
9.5.4;13.4 Results and discussions;292
9.5.5;13.5 Conclusions;298
9.6;Chapter 14. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction–Precipitation in Impinging Streams II: Nano Copper and its Surface Improvement;300
9.6.1;14.1 Introduction;300
9.6.2;14.2 Properties and main uses of nano copper;301
9.6.3;14.3 Principles and experimental method;303
9.6.4;14.4 Results and discussions on the preparation of nano copper powder;305
9.6.5;14.5 Surface improvement of nano copper: preparation of Cu-Ag double metal powder;314
9.6.6;14.6 Conclusions;316
9.7;Chapter 15. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction-Precipitation in Impinging Streams III: Nano Titania;318
9.7.1;15.1 Properties of nano titania and chemical reactions in its preparation;318
9.7.2;15.2 Experimental equipment and procedure;320
9.7.3;15.3 Results and discussions;321
9.7.4;15.4 Conclusions;331
9.8;Chapter 16. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction-Precipitation in Impinging Streams IV: Nano Hydroxyapatite;334
9.8.1;16.1 Introduction;334
9.8.2;16.2 Experimental equipment and procedure;335
9.8.3;16.3 Results and discussions;337
9.8.4;16.4 Concluding remarks;343
9.9;Chapter 17. Research and Development of Liquid-Continuous Impinging Stream Devices and Application Forecasting;346
9.9.1;17.1 The vertical circulative impinging stream reactor;346
9.9.2;17.2 Impinging stream crystallizer;350
9.9.3;17.3 Prospects for the application of liquid-continuous impinging streams;354
10;Postscript;356
11;References;358
12;Nomenclature;372
13;Subject Index;378