Yu / Zhang / Leung Green Communications and Networking

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4398-9914-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 399 Seiten

Green Communications and Networking introduces novel solutions that can bring about significant reductions in energy consumption in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry—as well as other industries, including electric power. Containing the contributions of leading experts in the field, it examines the latest research advances in green communications and networking for next-generation wired, wireless, and smart-grid networks.
The book presents cutting-edge algorithms, protocols, and network architectures to improve energy efficiency in communication networks. It illustrates the various aspects of modeling, analysis, design, management, deployment, and optimization of algorithms, protocols, and architectures of green communications and networking. The text examines energy-efficient hardware platforms, physical layer, networking, and applications. Containing helpful references in each chapter, it also:

- Proposes a mechanism for minimizing energy consumption of wireless networks without compromising QoS

- Reviews recent development in utility communication networks, including advanced metering infrastructure and SCADA

- Studies energy-efficient rate adaptation in long-distance wireless mesh networks

- Considers the architectural design of energy-efficient wireline Internet nodes

- Presents graph-theoretic solutions that can be adopted in an IP network to reduce the number of links used in the network during off-peak periods

- Outlines a methodology for optimizing time averages in systems with variable length frames

- Details a demand-based resources trading model for green communications

The book introduces a new solution for delivering green last-mile access: broadband wireless access with fiber-connected massively distributed antennas (BWA-FMDA). It also presents a methodology for optimizing time averages in systems with variable length frames. Surveying a representative number of demand and response methods in smart grids, the text supplies you with the understanding of smart grid dynamics needed to participate in the development of next-generation wireless cellular networks.

Zielgruppe

Researchers and graduate students in electrical and computer engineering / computer science, network engineers, network planners, computer scientists, programmers, and policy makers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Yu, F. Richard

Zhang, Xi

Leung, Victor C.M.

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Computerkommunikation & -vernetzung
• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Nachhaltigkeit, Grüne Technologien
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Power-Efficient Last Mile Access Using Fiber-Connected Massively Distributed Antenna System
Evolution of Cellular Networks and Power Efficiency Considerations
Power Consumption
Traffic Density
Equipment Cost
The Goals and Organization of This Chapter
BWA-FMDA Architecture
A Brief Background on RoF Solutions
Antenna Elements
Optical Communication Medium
Central Processing Entity
Power Consumption and Simulation Models
Power Consumption Model
Signaling Overhead
Simulation Model
Numerical Results
Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)
Energy Efficiency (bit/Joule)
Tradeoff between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency
Conclusions
Bibliography
Wireless Networks Resources Trading for QoS Performance Guaranteed Green Communications
Demanding-Based Communications Model
Resources Trading in Wireless Networks
Wireless Resource Trading
The Tradeoff between Energy and Bandwidth/Delay
The Tradeoff between Energy and the Number of Antennas
The Tradeoff between Energy and Coding Schemes
Example-Case Study of Using Resource Trading in Cellular Networks
Example-Case Study of Using Resource Trading in Femtocell Networks
System Model
Model for Energy Consumption in Downlink Channels
Spectrum Allocation for Green Radio
Simulations Results and Performance Analyses
Conclusions
Bibliography
Green Relay Techniques in Cellular Systems
Introduction
Spectrum and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Relay-assisted Systems
System Model
Spectrum Efficiency Analysis
Energy Efficiency Analysis
Insights and discussions
H-ARQ Relaying and H2-ARQ Relaying
H2-ARQ Relaying Strategy
Performance Analysis
Insights and Discussions
Energy Efficient RNs in Cellular Networks
Cellular System and Power Model
Optimization of RN Deployment
Outdoor-to-Indoor Relaying
Bibliography
Cross-layer Design and Optimization for Green Wireless Communications and Networking
Energy Efficient Design at Different Layers
Energy Efficient Hardware Platforms
Energy Efficient OS
Energy Efficient MAC
Energy Efficient Networking
Energy Efficient Application
Cross-layer Optimization in Energy Static Networks
Network Model
Network Protocols
Cross-layer Designs in Energy Dynamic Networks
Hardware and Communication
Sensing
Bibliography
Energy-Efficient Rate Adaptation in Long-Distance Wireless Mesh Networks
Introduction
Background: Long Distance Wireless Mesh Networks
Inter-link interference model
2PMAC Protocol
Overview: Rate Adaptation in Wireless Networks
ERAA: Rate Adaptation Algorithm for Outdoor Long Distance 802.11 Links
Network Model and Operations
Design Overview
The Probing Stage
The Adapting Stage
Path Loss Calculation and RSSI Prediction
Energy Efficient Bit Rate Selection
CNP-CUSUM to Handle External Interference
Performance Evaluation
CNP-CUSUM: Interference Intensity Change Detection
Rate Adaptation Performance
Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Graph-Theoretic Algorithms for Energy Saving in IP Networks
Elements of the Graph Theory Used in GES
Shortest Path Tree
Edge between
Algebraic connectivity
ESACON algorithm
ESTOP algorithm
EAR algorithm
A practical example of GES application
Performance behavior of the GES algorithms
Path length increase
Percentage of links that are switched off
Power saving
Impact in terms of traffic utilization
Practical implementation of the GES algorithms
Conclusions
Bibliography
Architectural Design of An Energy-Efficient Router
Opportunities and Challenges
Architecture of Green Reconfigurable Router
Power Aware Routing through Green Traffic Engineering
The General Problem Formulation
A Practical Heuristic
Rate Adaptive Processing inside Routers
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
Adaptive Link Rate Interface
A Multi-Frequency Scaling Prototype
Power Efficient Architectures for Router Functions
Routing Lookup
Packet Classifier
Packet Queuing
Traffic Manager
Summary
Bibliography
The Impact of Renewable Energy Sources in the CO2 Emissions of Converged Optical Network and Cloud Infrastructures
Introduction
Energy Consumption Models for the Physical Infrastructure
Optical Network Elements
Energy consumption models for computing resources
Energy aware VI planning
VI Problem Formulation
Numerical Results
Conclusions
Bibliography
Low Power Dynamic Scheduling for Computing Systems
Task Scheduling with Processing Rate Constraints
Examples of Energy-Aware Processing
Time Averages as Ratios of Frame Averages
Relation to Frame Average Expectations
An Example with One Task Class
No constraints
One Constraint
The Linear Fractional Program for Task Scheduling
Virtual Queues
The Drift-Plus-Penalty Ratio
Bounding the Drift-Plus-Penalty Ratio
The Task Scheduling Algorithm
Steps to minimize (9.24)
Performance of the Task Scheduling Algorithm
Simulation
Optimization with General Attributes
Mapping to the Task Scheduling Problem
The General Algorithm
Random Task Arrivals and Flow Control
The Dynamic Algorithm for Random Task Arrivals
Deterministic Queue Bounds and Constraint Violation Bounds
Simulations and Adaptiveness of Random Task Scheduling
Task Scheduling: Extensions and Further Reading
Exercises for Section 9.2
Reacting to Randomly Observed Events
Algorithm1
Algorithm2
Comparison of Algorithms 1 and 2
Efficient Computation and Transmission for a Wireless Smart Device
Exercises for Section 9.3
Conclusions
Bibliography
Smart Grid Communication Network and Its Applications
Introduction
AMI and Its Applications
Background
The AMI Infrastructure
The AMI Metering System
AMI Communication Network
The Meter Data Management System
The Standardization of the AMI Infrastructure
The Standardization of AMI Communication Protocols
The Standardized AMI Information Model
Advanced DMS Applications
Distribution System State Estimation
Advanced Outage Management
Demand Response
Dependency on the AMI System
SCADA –The Utility Monitoring and Control Network and Its Applications
Background
Components of SCADA
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
Remote Terminal Units (RTU)
Automation Controllers
Communication Protocols in SCADA
Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
IEC 61850
Discussion
Distribution Automation
Fault Detection, Isolation, and Service Restoration
Voltage and Var Control
Conclusion
Bibliography
Demand and Response in Smart Grid
Demand and Response Overview
Significance of Demand Response
Demand Response in Traditional Grid
New Requirements in Smart Grid
Representative DR Algorithms in Smart Grid
Classifications
Customer Profit Optimization Algorithms
Operation Cost of Electric Utility Reduction
Social Welfare Maximization
Summarize the DR Methods and Future Directions
Conclusion
Bibliography
Green Wireless Cellular Networks in the Smart Grid Environment
Introduction
Background
GreenWireless Cellular Networks
Energy-Efficient Solutions
Key Trade-offs in the Network
Smart Grid
Demand-Side Management
System Models
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Communication
Service Blocking Probability Model in the Cellular Network
Electricity Consumption Model for Base Stations
Problem Formulation
Cellular Network Level Game
Smart Grid Level Game
Analysis of the Proposed Two-Level Game
Analysis of the Cellular Network Level Game
Analysis of the Smart Grid Level Game
Existence of Stackelberg Equilibrium for the Proposed Two-Level Game
Uniqueness of the Stackelberg Equilibrium for the Proposed Two-Level Game
Simulation Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Bibliography

Über Autor(innen)

About the Editors:

F. Richard Yu is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, School of Information Technology, at Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. He received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, in 2003. From 2002 to 2004, he was with Ericsson, Lund, Sweden, where he worked on the research and development of third-generation cellular networks. From 2005 to 2006, he was with a startup company in California, where he worked on the research and development in the areas of advanced wireless communication technologies and new standards. He joined the School of Information Technology and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, in 2007. His research interests include cross-layer design, security, and quality-of-service provisioning in wireless networks.
He received the Carleton Research Achievement Award in 2012, the Ontario Early Researcher Award in 2011, the Excellent Contribution Award at IEEE/IFIP TrustCom 2010, the Leadership Opportunity Fund Award from Canada Foundation of Innovation in 2009 and the Best Paper Awards at IEEE/IFIP TrustCom 2009 and Int’l Conference on Networking 2005. His research interests include cross-layer design, security and QoS provisioning in wireless networks.
Dr. Yu is a senior member of the IEEE. He serves on the editorial boards of several journals, including IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, ACM/Springer Wireless Networks, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications Networking, Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, Wiley Journal on Security and Communication Networks, and International Journal of Wireless Communications and Networking, and a Guest Editor for IEEE Systems Journal for the special issue on Smart Grid Communications Systems. He has served on the Technical Program Committee (TPC) of numerous conferences, as the TPC Co-Chair of IEEE CCNC’13, INFOCOM-CCSES’2012, ICC-GCN’2012, VTC’2012S, Globecom’11, INFOCOM-GCN’2011, INFOCOM-CWCN’2010, IEEE IWCMC’2009, VTC’2008F andWiN-ITS’2007, as the Publication Chair of ICST QShine 2010, and the Co-Chair of ICUMT-CWCN’2009.
Xi Zhang received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Xidian University, Xian, China, the M.S. degree from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, all in electrical engineering and computer science, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering and computer science (Electrical Engineering-Systems) from The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
He is currently an Associate Professor and the Founding Director of the Networking and Information Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station. He was an Assistant Professor and the Founding Director of the Division of Computer Systems Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Beijing Information Technology Engineering Institute, China, from 1984 to 1989. He was a Research Fellow with the School of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, James Cook University, Australia, under a Fellowship from the Chinese National Commission of Education. He was with the Networks and Distributed Systems Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hills, NJ, and with AT&T Laboratories Research, Florham Park, NJ. He has published more than 200 research papers in the areas of wireless networks and communications systems, mobile computing, network protocol design and modeling, statistical communications, random signal processing, information theory, and control theory and systems.
Dr. Zhang received the U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2004 for his research in the areas of mobile wireless and multicast networking and systems. He is an IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecturer. He received the Best Paper Awards in the IEEE GLOBECOM 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2009, and IEEE WCNC 2010, respectively. He also received the TEES Select Young Faculty Award for Excellence in Research Performance from the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station, in 2006. He is currently serving as an Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, an Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, an Associate Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, a Guest Editor for the IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS for the special issue on BroadbandWireless Communications for High Speed Vehicles," a Guest Editor for the IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS for the special issue on Wireless Video Transmissions," an Associate Editor for the IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, a Guest Editor for the IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE for the special issue on Advances in Cooperative Wireless Networking," a Guest Editor for the IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE for the special issue on Next Generation of CDMA Versus OFDMA for 4G Wireless Applications," an Editor for the JOHN WILEYs Journal on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, an Editor for the Journal of Computer Systems, Networking, and Communications, an Associate Editor for the JOHN WILEYS Journal on Security and Communications Networks, an Area Editor for the ELSEVIER Journal on Computer Communications, and a Guest Editor for JOHN WILEYS Journal on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing for the special issue on next generation wireless communications and mobile computing. He has frequently served as the Panelist on the U.S. National Science Foundation Research-Proposal Review Panels. He is serving or has served as the Technical Program Committee (TPC) Co-Chair for the IEEE INFOCOM 2013, the TPC Chair for the IEEE GLOBECOM 2011, Area TPC Chair for the IEEE INFOCOM 2012, General Co-Chair for INFOCOM 2012 - Workshop on communications and Control for Sustainable Energy Systems: Green Networking and Smart Grids, TPC Co-Chair for IEEE ICC 2012 - Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, General Co-Chair for IEEE INOFOCOM 2011 - Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, TPC Co-Chair for the IEEE ICDCS 2011 - Workshop on Data Center Performance, Panels/Demos/Posters Chairs for the ACM MobiCom 2011, TPC Vice-Chair for IEEE INFOCOM 2010, General Chair for the ACM QShine 2010, TPC Co-Chair for IEEE INFOCOM 2009 Mini-Conference, TPC Co-Chair for IEEE GLOBECOM2008 -Wireless Communications Symposium, TPC Co-Chair for the IEEE ICC 2008 – Information and Network Security Symposium, Symposium Chair for IEEE/ACM International Cross-Layer Optimized Wireless Networks Symposium 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, the TPC Chair for IEEE/ACM IWCMC 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, the Demo/Poster Chair for IEEE INFOCOM 2008, the Student Travel Grants Co-Chair for IEEE INFOCOM 2007, the General Chair for ACM QShine 2010, the Panel Co-Chair for IEEE ICCCN 2007, the Poster Chair for IEEE/ACMMSWiM 2007 and IEEE QShine 2006, Executive Committee Co-Chair for QShine, the Publicity Chair for IEEE/ACM QShine 2007 and IEEE WirelessCom 2005, and the Panelist on the Cross-Layer Optimized Wireless Networks and Multimedia Communications at IEEE ICCCN 2007 and WiFi-Hotspots/WLAN and QoS Panel at IEEE QShine 2004. He has served as the TPC members for more than 100 IEEE/ACM conferences, including IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE GLOBECOM, IEEE ICC, IEEE WCNC, IEEE VTC, IEEE/ACM QShine, IEEE WoWMoM, IEEE ICCCN, etc.
Victor C. M. Leung received the B.A.Sc. (Hons.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of British Columbia (U.B.C.) in 1977, and was awarded the APEBC Gold Medal as the head of the graduating class in the Faculty of Applied Science. He attended graduate school at U.B.C. on a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Postgraduate Scholarship and completed the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering in 1981.
From 1981 to 1987, Dr. Leung was a Senior Member of Technical Staff at MPR Teltech Ltd., specializing in the planning, design and analysis of satellite communication systems. In 1988, he started his academic career at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where he was a Lecturer in the Department of Electronics. He returned to U.B.C. as a faculty member in 1989, currently holds the positions of Professor and TELUS Mobility Research Chair in Advanced Telecommunications Engineering in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is a member of the Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems at U.B.C. He also holds adjunct/guest faculty appointments at Jilin University, Beijing Jiaotong University, South China University of Technology, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Dr. Leung has co-authored more than 500 technical papers in international journals and conference proceedings, and several of these papers had been selected for best paper awards.
His research interests are in the areas of architectural and protocol design, management algorithms and performance analysis for computer and telecommunication networks, with a current focus on wireless networks and mobile systems.
Dr. Leung is a registered professional engineer in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. He is a Fellow of IEEE, a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering. He is a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society. He is serving on the editorial boards of the IEEE Transactions on Computers, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, Computer Communications, the Journal of Communications and Networks, as well as several other journals. Previously, he has served on the editorial boards of the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Wireless Communications Series, the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications and the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. He has guest-edited several journal special issues, and served on the technical program committee of numerous international conferences. He is a General Co-chair of GCSG Workshop at Infocom 2012, GCN Workshop at ICC 2012, CIT 2012, FutureTech 2012, CSA 2011. He is a TPC Co-chair of the MAC and Cross-layer Design track of IEEEWCNC 2012. He chaired the TPC of the wireless networking and cognitive radio track in IEEE VTC-fall 2008.
He was the General Chair of AdhocNets 2010, WC 2010, QShine 2007, and Symposium Chair for Next Generation Mobile Networks in IWCMC 2006-2008. He was a General Co-chair of Chinacom 2011, MobiWorld and GCN Workshops at IEEE Infocom 2011, BodyNets 2010, CWCN Workshop at Infocom 2010, ASIT Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2010, MobiWorld Workshop at IEEE CCNC 2010, IEEE EUC 2009 and ACM MSWiM 2006, and a TPC Vice-chair of IEEE WCNC 2005. He is a recipient of an IEEE Vancouver Section Centennial Award.