Organic Electroluminescence

From Molecular Structure to Device Performance
1. Auflage 2025
ISBN: 978-1-119-69411-3
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 464 Seiten, Gewicht: 1134 g

Unique reference on the fundamentals, applications, and latest research in electroluminescence of organic molecules

Organic Electroluminescence provides a comprehensive overview of organic electroluminescent materials from their structure-property relationships to the outlook of improved device performance. Divided into three parts, the first section of the book covers fundamental aspects of OLEDs such as history, structures, properties, and operating and aging mechanisms. The second section provides quantum chemical and experimental insights into correlations between device performance, material characteristics, molecular physical parameters, and molecular structure. The last section is devoted to improving device performance in real world applications using molecular and device simulations.

Featuring contributions from experts from around the world, Organic Electroluminescence discusses sample topics including: - Fundamental concepts in the fields of display, organic electronics, molecular photochemistry, and quantum chemistry
- Device fabrication, characterization and simulation techniques
- Physical and chemical processes in OLEDs including charge injection and transport, exciton generation and decay, reversible dipole reorientation, and chemical reactions
- Physical and chemical properties of organic semiconductors in solutions and thin-films including photoluminescence quantum yield, excited-state lifetime, and redox potential
- Single-molecule and condensed-matter simulations including vertical transition, nonradiative decay, spin-orbital and spin-phonon coupling, bond dissociation and charge transfer

Organic Electroluminescence delivers advanced information for professionals seeking a thorough reference on the subject and for students learning about OLEDs.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zhang, Qisheng

Zhang, Le

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Elektronik, Optik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Biomaterialien, Nanomaterialien, Kohlenstoff

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Contributors ix

Preface xiii

1 Fundamentals of Organic Light-Emitting Diode 1
Chin H. Chen

1.1 Brief History 1

1.2 Characterization and Measurements 3

1.3 OLED Materials 13

1.4 Device Structures 23

1.5 OLED Applications 33

1.6 Summary and Outlook 40

Acknowledgment 40

References 41

2 Fabrication Techniques from OLED Devices to Displays 53
Lixin Xiao, Bo Li, Jing Xiao, Zhenyu Tang, Mengying Bian, Xing Xing

2.1 Basic Fabrication Processes 54

2.2 OLED Display Architecture 60

2.3 Main Fabrication Processes of OLED Displays 66

2.4 Summary and Outlook 70

Acknowledgment 70

References 70

3 Physical Processes in OLEDs 73
Taiju Tsuboi, Qisheng Zhang

3.1 Introduction 73

3.2 Charge Injection and Transport 73

3.3 Exciton Generation and Decay 82

3.4 Energy Transfer 88

3.5 Exciton–Exciton and Exciton–Polaron Annihilation 94

3.6 Molecular Self-Aggregation and Diffusion 100

References 118

4 Chemical Reactions in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 121
Guijie Li, Qingshan Chu

4.1 Water and Oxygen Molecule-Induced Chemical Reaction 122

4.2 Electrochemical Reactions 125

4.3 Photochemical Reactions 136

4.4 Summary and Outlooks 142

Acknowledgment 143

References 143

5 Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Semiconductors in Solutions and Thin Films 147
Qingyu Meng, Shuer Tan, Xueliang Wen, Juan Qiao

5.1 Photophysical Properties 147

5.2 Thermal Stability 157

5.3 Molecular Stability in Excited States 163

5.4 Molecular Stability in Charged States 172

5.5 Concluding Remarks 179

Acknowledgment 180

References 180

6 Basic Physical Parameters of Single Emitting Molecules 189
Taiju Tsuboi

6.1 Introduction 189

6.2 Dipole Moment 189

6.3 Zero–Zero Energy of Low-Lying Excited States 193

6.4 Radiative Transition Rate 202

6.5 Internal Conversion Rate 208

6.6 ISC Rate 214

6.7 IP and EA 217

Acknowledgment 223

References 223

7 Molecular Interactions in Organic Semiconductor Thin Films 227
Dan Wang, Taiju Tsuboi, Qisheng Zhang

7.1 Introduction 227

7.2 Bimolecular Processes 227

7.3 Photophysical Properties of Solid Films 238

7.4 Intermolecular Interaction-Controlled IP and EA 252

References 259

8 Quantum–Chemical Insight into Electronic Excitation 263
Zhou Lin, Luyi Zou, Yuezhi Mao, Hong-Zhou Ye, Qiang Gao, Tengfei He, Jun Yi, Yuannan Chen

8.1 Geometric and Electronic Configurations 263

8.2 Transitions between States 273

8.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy 280

8.4 Excimers and Exciplexes 283

8.5 Exciton Diffusion 288

References 290

9 Single Molecule Simulation 293
Luyi Zou

9.1 An Introduction to Common Quantum Chemistry Calculation Methods 293

9.2 Geometric and Electronic Structures of Ground, Oxidation, Reduction, and Excited States 300

9.3 Decay of the Excited State 314

9.4 Bond Dissociation Energy 328

Acknowledgments 332

References 332

10 Condensed-Matter Simulation 337
Haitao Sun, Zhubin Hu

10.1 Introduction 337

10.2 Energy Levels of Dimer 339

10.3 Bimolecular Arrangement 340

10.4 Molecular Orientation 344

10.5 Solid-State Solvation 347

10.6 Charge-Carrier Mobility 359

10.7 Summaries and Outlook 363

Acknowledgments 364

References 364

11 Studies of OLED Device Performance Using Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations 377
R. Coehoorn, P.A. Bobbert

11.1 Introduction 377

11.2 Simulation Method 380

11.3 KMC Simulation Studies of the Charge Carrier Mobility 386

11.4 Relationships Between Mechanistic and Phenomenological Simulation Parameters 391

11.5 Methods for Obtaining the Input Parameters 396

11.6 Application Example 399

11.7 Concluding Remarks 405

Acknowledgments 405

References 406

12 Optical Simulation and Optimization of OLEDs 413
Honggang Gu, Linya Chen, Ke Ding, Yu Gu, Shiyuan Liu

12.1 Introduction 413

12.2 Optical Theories of OLEDs 414

12.3 Optical Optimization of OLEDs 421

12.4 Optical Simulation of TDMs 426

12.5 Optical Simulation of an AMOLED Display 429

12.6 Summary and Outlook 430

Acknowledgments 431

References 431

Index 435

Über Autor(innen)

Qisheng Zhang is a Professor in the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China. He pursued his PhD at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, China during 2001-2005, and began his research on high efficiency and low cost organic electroluminescent materials since then.

Le Zhang graduated from the department of physical electronics of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan with a PhD degree in 2013. Since then, his main research interests are organic semiconducting materials, device physics, charge/exciton dynamics, and advanced characterization methods. He is now the CTO of Zhejiang Hongwu Technology.