Althoff Divided by Faith and Ethnicity

Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Race in Guatemala
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-61451-508-1
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 436 Seiten

Reihe: ISSN

Two unprecedented, striking developments form part of the reality of many Latin Americans. Recent decades have seen the dramatic rise of a new religious pluralism, namely the spread of Pentecostal Christianity - Catholic and Protestant alike - and the growth of indigenous revitalization movements. This study analyzes these major transitions, asking what roles ethnicity and ethnic identities play in the contemporary process of religious pluralism, such as the growth of the Protestant Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal movements, the Catholic Charismatic Renewal, and the indigenous Maya movement in Guatemala. This book aims to provide an understanding of the agenda of religious movements, their motivations, and their impact on society. Such a pursuit is urgently needed in Guatemala, a postwar country experiencing acrimonious religious competition and a highly contentious debate on religious pluralism. This volume is relevant to scholars and students of Latin American Studies, Sociology of Religion, Anthropology, Practical Theology, and Political Sciences.

Zielgruppe

Academics, Libraries, Institutes

Autoren/Hrsg.

Althoff, Andrea

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Religiöser Fundamentalismus
• Sozialwissenschaften Ethnologie | Volkskunde Ethnologie Religionsethnologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Religionssoziologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Dialog & Beziehungen zwischen Religionen
• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Vergleichende Religionswissenschaft
• Sozialwissenschaften Ethnologie | Volkskunde Ethnologie Kultur- und Sozialethnologie: Politische Ethnologie, Recht, Organisation, Identität
• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Religionssoziologie und -psychologie, Spiritualität, Mystik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;11
2;Preface;15
3;Part I;25
3.1;Religious Pluralism and Ethnicity in Guatemala: An Introduction;27
3.1.1;The Religious Players;30
3.1.1.1;Part I: Catholicism;31
3.1.1.2;Part II: The Maya Movement;32
3.1.1.3;Part III: Enthusiastic Christianity: Protestant and Catholic Pentecostalism;34
3.1.2;Ethnicity and Pentecostal Christianity;35
3.1.3;The Guatemalan Social Structure: Ethnicity and Ethnic Identities in Guatemala;40
3.1.4;Theoretical and Methodological Considerations;43
3.1.4.1;Existing Theories;43
3.1.4.2;Globalization Theories;48
3.1.4.3;Religion as a Supermarket? Rational-Choice and Microeconomic Theories;49
3.1.4.4;Methodology and Methods of this Study;52
3.1.5;Book Structure and Overview;58
4;Part II;61
4.1;Catholicism, Religious Pluralism, and the Ethnic Divide;63
4.1.1;Introduction to Catholicism and Ethnicity;63
4.1.2;The Catholic Bureaucracy: Structure and Features of Guatemalan Catholicism;70
4.1.3;Catholicism in Guatemala: Looking Back at the History of Religious Pluralism and the Ethnic Divide (1524–1944);76
4.1.3.1;The Conquest and Colonialism (1524–1824);76
4.1.3.2;The Post-Independence Period: The Fall of Catholicism and the Rise of Protestantism;81
4.1.4;Mayan Catholicism: The Cofradías;83
4.1.4.1;The Decline of the Cofradías;89
4.1.4.2;Revival of the Cofradías?;92
4.1.5;The Formation of an Indigenous Activism and the Role of Catholic Networks and Ideologies: From the 1950s to the 1970s;94
4.1.5.1;Catholicism and the Political Environment of the 1950s and 1960s;94
4.1.5.2;Catholicism, Catholic Action and the Mayas;96
4.1.5.3;Cultural and Educational Initiatives;102
4.1.5.4;Political Initiatives;105
4.1.5.5;Agricultural Initiatives: Cooperatives, Ligas Campesinas, and the Comité de Unidad Campesina (CUC);106
4.1.6;Catholicism, Indigenous Activism, and the Insurgency: 1978 Onward;109
4.1.6.1;Ideological Factors and Mayan Exclusion;113
4.1.6.2;Catholic Networks and the Armed Confrontation;122
4.1.7;The Catholic Church in the mid-1980s and 1990s;126
4.1.7.1;The Popular Front, the Human Rights Agenda of the Catholic Church, and the Emergence of the Maya Movement;127
4.1.8;The Catholic Church and the Ethnic Agenda;133
4.1.8.1;Theory and Practice;133
4.1.8.2;The Popol Vuh: Myth and Revitalization of the Indigenous Culture within the Catholic Church;136
4.1.8.3;Mayan Culture and Spirituality and the Training of Catechists Today;138
4.1.9;The Pastoral Indígena;142
4.1.9.1;The Pastoral Indígena in San Marcos;145
4.1.9.2;The Maya Movement and the Pastoral Indígena;146
4.1.10;Diversification of Catholicism: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Guatemala;149
4.1.10.1;The Historic Roots of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal;150
4.1.10.2;The Guatemalan Catholic Charismatic Renewal;152
4.1.10.3;The Contemporary Presence of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Guatemala;155
4.1.10.4;The Catholic Charismatic Renewal and Religious Pluralism;156
4.1.10.5;The Catholic Charismatic Renewal and Mayan Culture;158
4.1.10.5.1;Theological Profile and Religious Empowerment;162
4.1.10.5.2;Healing, Exorcism, and Popular Religion;165
4.1.10.6;The Guatemalan Church Hierarchy and the Catholic Charismatic Renewal;168
4.1.11;The Charismatic Renewal in Concepción Tutuapa;175
4.1.11.1;History and Religious Characteristics of the Municipality and the Parish;175
4.1.11.2;The Situation in the Parish Today;178
4.1.11.3;From Rejection to Acceptance: The Relationship between the Parish, Charismatic Catholics, Catechists, and the Diocese;180
4.1.12;Summary;186
5;Part III;197
5.1;The Guatemalan Maya Movement: Ethnicity and the Transformation of the Religious Sphere;199
5.1.1;Introduction;200
5.1.2;Factors that Contributed to a New Ethnic-Religious Agenda: Rigoberta Menchú and the Peace Process;204
5.1.3;The Maya Movement and Its Religious Discourse;209
5.1.3.1;Syncretism, Hybrid Identities, and Resistance within the Indigenous Mayan Culture;217
5.1.3.2;The New Mayan Priests;222
5.1.4;Mayan Spirituality in Comitancillo;229
5.1.4.1;The Decline of Traditional Mayan Spirituality in Comitancillo;230
5.1.4.2;The Social Effects of Essentialism: Conflicts over Meaning at the Local Level;237
5.1.4.3;The New Mayan Ceremonies;241
5.1.5;Summary;244
6;Part IV;247
6.1;Protestantism, Religious Pluralism, and the Ethnic Divide: An Introduction;249
6.1.1;Explaining Religious Pluralism and Protestant Growth in Guatemala: An Overview;256
6.1.2;The Distribution of Protestantism in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Population;265
6.1.3;Overlapping Terms and Doctrines: Pentecostalism, Neo-Pentecostalism, Charismatic Movement, Evangelicalism, and Fundamentalism;272
6.1.4;Pentecostalism in Guatemala;279
6.1.4.1;Doctrine and Historical Origins of Pentecostalism;280
6.1.4.2;Pentecostalism and the Rejection of Mayan Spirituality and Culture;282
6.1.4.3;Racial Exclusion and Pentecostalism;287
6.1.4.4;Organizational Structures: Kin and Family;290
6.1.4.5;Pentecostalism and Ethnic Homogeneity;293
6.1.4.6;The Case of Fermín Cuyuch: Conversion and Ethnic Mobility;296
6.1.4.7;Conversion of Mayans to Pentecostalism: A Religious and Ethnic Empowerment?;299
6.1.4.8;Symbolic and Real Power: Conversion and the Gifts of the Holy Spirit;301
6.1.5;Neo-Pentecostalism in Guatemala;303
6.1.5.1;Doctrinal and Historical Roots of Neo-Pentecostalism;303
6.1.5.2;Iglesias de Fufurufus? – Churches of the Rich? Class and Ethnicity in neo-Pentecostal Congregations;306
6.1.5.3;Spiritual Army, Religious Enterprise, and Charismatic Apostles: Organizational Features of neo-Pentecostalism;311
6.1.5.3.1;The New Apostles and Ethnicity;315
6.1.5.3.2;Spiritual Warfare and the Negation of Mayan Culture in neo-Pentecostal Doctrine;320
6.1.5.4;A Side Note on Neo-Pentecostalism and Political Activism;327
6.1.5.5;Civil War, Democratization, Reconciliation, and neo-Pentecostal Doctrine;339
6.1.6;The Development of Religious Pluralism in an Indigenous Municipio: The Case of Comitancillo;342
6.1.6.1;Religious Pluralism and Ethnicity in Comitancillo;343
6.1.6.1.1;Religious Pluralism from an Individual Perspective: The Biography of Cidiaco Temaj (Iglesia del Nazareno);346
6.1.7;Summary;350
7;Part V;357
7.1;Conclusion Divided by Faith and Ethnicity: The Relational Dynamic of Religious Pluralism and the Ethnic Status Quo;359
7.1.1;Catholicism and Ethnicity in Guatemala;360
7.1.1.1;Colonialism, Catholicism, and the Maya;362
7.1.1.2;Guatemalan Twentieth-Century Catholicism and the Maya;363
7.1.1.3;The Catholic Hierarchy and the Ethnic Agenda at the End of the Twentieth Century;365
7.1.1.4;Pastoral Indígena, Popul Vuh, and Training of the Laity;365
7.1.1.5;The Catholic Charismatic Renewal;367
7.1.1.6;Mayan Catechists and the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR);368
7.1.1.7;Catholic Charismatic Renewal Doctrine and Mayan Culture;372
7.1.2;The Maya Movement;373
7.1.3;Protestantism and Ethnicity in Guatemala;384
7.1.3.1;Mayan Pentecostalism and Ethnicity;386
7.1.3.2;Neo-Pentecostalism and Ethnicity;391
8;Bibliography;397
8.1;Primary Sources;397
8.2;Secondary Sources;404
9;Index;420

Über Autor(innen)

Andrea Althoff, German Society of European Academies, Berlin, Germany.