Annandreas Readability (2/2)

Birth of the Cluster text, Introduction to the Art of Learning.
1. Auflage 2022
ISBN: 978-91-8027-314-5
Verlag: BoD - Books on Demand
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 1, 516 Seiten

Reihe: Ars Discendi

This book is the second part of the two-part book Readability - Birth of the Cluster text, Introduction to the Art of learning, i.e. do not forget the first part! This book is the definitive guide to reading and learning - or to learn about philosophy, science, and pedagogy. After having read this book, you should have become a better reader and learner, and you should also know a little more about philosophy. Hence, this book could also be seen as a general introduction to philosophy. It can be seen in its content: Part One (524 pages). 1. Reading instructions (25). 2. Pedagogical psychology and pedagogical points (87). 3. Power analytics - an initial relationship to Foucault (52). 4. Phenomenology and the birth of the cluster text (81). 5. Critical hermeneutics and knowledge about reading (102). 6. Micro power learning (learn how to write cluster text) and techniques of discipline (29). 7. Deconstruction and the text in society (62). 8. Positivism and the scientific method (63). Part Two (516 pages). 9. Philosophy, Morality, Knowledge (220). 10. The non-history of the cluster text (30). 11. Ars Legendi - reading and learning (125). 12. Introduction to Ars Discendi - Are texts wrongly written? (60). Appendix I, II and III. (60). This two-part book (1040 pages) is part of a bundle of books that you can use to learn about texts and reading. The others are Are Texts Wrongly Written? (130 pages, 2018), Typographic Manual (170 pages, 2021) and Typographical Investigations (450 pages, 2022?). The two shorter books can be seen as summaries of the two longer ones. Note, for all these books, that the cluster text style is not reflowable and that you need a screen where you can read a line length of 95 characters (i.e. narrow screens are inappropriate).

Annandreas is the author of the first books on cluster text: Readability 1/2 and 2/2 (2021), Are texts wrongly written? (2018), Typographic manual, (2021) and Typographical investigations (2022?).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Annandreas

Leseproben

9.1 Philosophy
One might also give the name »Philosophy« to what is possible before all new discoveries and inventions4 9.1 Philosophy 9.1.1 The concept of philosophy Etymology Analysis What is philosophy? 9.1.2 The actions of philosophers Philosophical wonder Philosophy as the art of posing questions Philosophical despair and wonder The difficult philosophy Philosophy as the art of giving answers The quest for clarity 9.1.3 Philosophy and other activities Philosophy and religion Philosophy and art Philosophy and the history of ideas Philosophy and science Philosophy, science, and doxology Philosophy and common people 9.1.4 The philosophical self Putting down the rules for your own self Philosophical skills A philosophy of life Academic philosophy Philosophers as generalists 9.1.5 Problems and tools The problems of philosophy The tools of philosophy Philosophy and language Intertwinings and separations 9.1.6 An initial division of philosophical areas Ontology/metaphysics Epistemology/theory of knowledge Axiology/value theory Synthesis 9.1.7 A philosophical encyclopaedia Logic Argumentation theory Philosophy of language Philosophical semantics Rhetoric Philosophy of science Aesthetics Political philosophy Ethics and action theory Philosophy of mind Cognitive science Philosophical anthropology Social philosophy The history of philosophy 9.1.8 Philosophy in some other divisions Theoretical and practical philosophy Continental and analytical philosophy Speculative and analytic philosophy Philosophy and applied philosophy Philosophy in different areas 9.1.9 Philosophers through history A brief list of philosophers and other thinkers who have influenced our thinking A short history of thought and philosophy The philosophy in our time – philosophy then, now, and in the future 9.1.10 Philosophy and life – action theory/philosophy of life Philosophy and the active life Philosophy and the contemplative life 9.1.11 My philosophy 9.1.12 Introduction to the Art of learning – Philosophy 9.1.13 Food for thought In the last chapter, I tried to destabilise science, even though its goals and methods should not be dismissed. In this section, philosophy is probably in need of a stabilisation. It seems as if many still have an idea of philosophy as dry, fuzzy, or obscure. In this chapter, I would like to give you an opportunity to change that perception. For those who already appreciate philosophy, I hope to contribute to a chapter, and a whole book, that you should be able to recommend as a good introduction to philosophy. Those are some of the main ideas behind this whole book, and it is particularly evident in this section 9.1 and the whole ninth chapter. In the previous chapters, I have had the intention to make an initial exposition so you can enter into the field of philosophy, and at the same time, I wanted to establish initial relations for the art of learning. It is of course so that the initial relations may not last forever. They can change as our thinking changes. They can change as the art of learning changes. In a beginning, you follow a direction, and I want to clarify it. This is also an example of how philosophy can be used. You can see how I try to use it to create an art of learning, and you can try to use it to create your own project. It is not easy to know where to start when you should introduce philosophy. How should you describe it to someone who does not know much – who even may be hostile to it and see it it as fuzzy or obscure, i.e. as something you cannot use? How do you show the importance and the possibilities of philosophy? I have used this question to try to write this book, this chapter, and particularly this section 9.1. In addition, I am trying to take it one step further. How should we establish a relationship to philosophy? I will patiently try to address this and some related issues. 9.1.1 The concept of philosophy
All answers you could think of, whatever the question will be, will necessarily contain concepts and propositions. The potential eternal task of philosophy may be to investigate concepts, propositions, and system of propositions. The belief in definitions and unambiguous concepts was probably strong in the first half of the 1900s, but it proved difficult to implement. If language, society, and the world would have been stable, like a frozen world, philosophers would possibly have had a chance to succeed in reaching such unambiguous terms. This might never be the case. It may be important to abandon such a rigid attitude without abandoning the hope of achieving greater clarity. A significant part of the philosophers work, perhaps the most important part, is to develop ideas and methods, so we will be able to deal with concepts, propositions, systems of propositions, and how different systems of propositions relate to each other in a sensible way. Etymology Etymologically5 philosophy means the love of wisdom. Philia and Sophia are in Greek, and they translate to love and wisdom. There are different types of love. There were different concepts of love already in antiquity. Agape, eros, and philia are such examples, and I will soon return to them. There are also different kinds of wisdom or knowledge. Etymologically, we may not reach much longer. We can turn to history and ask what kinds of concepts of love and wisdom have been used, when they were introduced, and what they meant at a certain time. It was probably Pythagoras who started to use the term philosophy 2500 years ago. He used it to mark a contrast to sophists. Sophists were wise men who taught rhetoric for payment. They got a bad reputation. Philosophers would never stoop to such a level that they would charge for what they did. It is of course easy when you are rich. The philosophers considered themselves conducting another love of wisdom than the sophists. Analysis To ask about what the word philosophy means can be an analytical exercise in compliance with chapter 8. In an analysis, you split a word into its components. The word philosophy, philosophia, can be split into philia and sophia – love and wisdom. In an analysis, the goal is to split a concept as far as possible. You can investigate the concepts individually and then put them together again. Love may include the nature of friendship (agape), respectfully love, love of thy neighbour, love of a loved one, love for objects, or erotic love (eros). But it is probably not about any of these forms of love when we concern ourselves with philosophy. Philia is a more quiet love. It is about a disinterested interest of wisdom for its own sake and not for its benefits or pleasure. This influence is seen in scientists who is working in science for the sake of science (and not for their own sake). This is also the case for the truth seeker who seeks the truth for its own sake. Wisdom, sophia, can also be interpreted differently. Knowledge is a kind of wisdom. One possibility is to interpret wisdom as a kind of knowledge of how to live. This happens with perceptions about the world and humanity. Then knowledge and wisdom is about what the world is like and how we should live in it. It is probably in this direction we initially should think about philosophy. If we relate the concepts, we have a special kind of love of wisdom. It is an interest in the love of wisdom for its own sake. This is one possible analysis – among others. What is philosophy? Both the etymology and the analysis led to the conception of philosophy as a love of wisdom. We can expand this view. We can assume that philosophy ceases to be philosophy when the love of wisdom turns into another category. When the love of wisdom turns into a love that is dependent on the benefits of what you do to achieve success in a society, it may no longer be philosophy. When you are no longer interested in the wisdom of the world and man for their own sake, but rather want to make money, it might not be philosophy. But perhaps it should also be seen as a philosophy. It is a certain kind of philosophy of life. However, the proper love is lacking for it to be regarded as »true« philosophy. For some, philosophy could be seen as when a person or a group of people live with a particular faith, i.e. a system of beliefs. In that sense, philosophy is a philosophy of life. For others, philosophy is a rational examination of our existence. Then it can also be about personal decisions concerning existential questions. To understand the existential questions can also mean that you try to understand reality. It can therefore...