Comins / Clark Specialty Steels and Hard Materials

Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Developments in Specialty Steels and Hard Materials (Materials Development '82) Held in Pretoria, South Africa, 8-12 November 1982
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9054-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 486 Seiten, Web PDF

Specialty Steels and Hard Materials covers the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Developments in Specialty Steels and Hard Materials (Materials Development '82). The main focus of the materials in the selection is on the microstructural detail, alloy design, processing technology, applications, and economic viability. The first part of the title presents the invited papers in the conference; this part includes topics such as toughness in high speed steels and hard metals; the use of vanadium in low alloy structural steels; and design of strong, ductile, duplex low alloy steels. The second part of the text covers topics about high strength low alloy steels, stainless steels, and rapid solidification processing. The last part of selection deals with tungsten carbide-cobalt hard metals, non-oxide ceramics, and sintered polycrystalline ultra-hard materials. The book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of materials engineering and metallurgy.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Comins, N. R.

Clark, J. B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;2
2;Specialty Steels and Hard Materials;6
3;Copyright Page;7
4;Table of Contents;14
5;Preface;8
6;Acknowledgements;10
7;Part 1: Invited Papers;20
7.1;Chapter 1. Rapid Solidification Processing and the Control of Structure/Property Relationships;22
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;22
7.1.2;KEY WORDS;22
7.1.3;INTRODUCTION;22
7.1.4;MODES OF SOLIDIFICATION;23
7.1.5;SOLIDIFICATION WITHOUT SUPERCOOLING;26
7.1.6;SOLIDIFICATION WITH SUPERCOOLING;29
7.1.7;CONTROL OF SECOND-PHASE DISPERSIONS;34
7.1.8;SOME ILLUSTRATIVE PROPERTIES;37
7.1.9;CLOSURE;41
7.1.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;41
7.1.11;REFERENCES;42
7.2;Chapter 2. Microstructural Design in Low Alloy Steels;44
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;44
7.2.2;KEYWORDS;44
7.2.3;INTRODUCTION;44
7.2.4;GRAIN SIZE;45
7.2.5;COMPOSITION CONTROL;46
7.2.6;CONTROLLED ROLLING;47
7.2.7;MICROSTRUCTURE OF CONTROL ROLLED STEELS;49
7.2.8;CONTROL OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;51
7.2.9;INCLUSIONS;53
7.2.10;FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN MICRO-ALLOYED STEELS;53
7.2.11;REFERENCES;54
7.3;Chapter 3. Maraging Steels — Structure, Properties and Applications;56
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;56
7.3.2;KEYWORDS;56
7.3.3;INTRODUCTION;56
7.3.4;ALLOYING ELEMENTS IN MARAGING STEELS;58
7.3.5;MARTENSITE FORMATION;59
7.3.6;AGING;61
7.3.7;AUSTENITE REVERSION;65
7.3.8;PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS;66
7.3.9;NEW DEVELOPMENTS;71
7.3.10;REFERENCES;74
7.4;Chapter 4. Design of Strong, Ductile, Duplex Low Alloy Steels;76
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;76
7.4.2;KEYWORDS;76
7.4.3;INTRODUCTION;77
7.4.4;STRUCTURE-PROPERTIES;77
7.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;87
7.4.6;REFERENCES;87
7.5;Chapter 5. A Review of Worldwide Developments in Stainless Steels;88
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;88
7.5.2;KEYWORDS;88
7.5.3;INTRODUCTION;88
7.5.4;STAINLESS STEELMAKING TECHNOLOGY;89
7.5.5;AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS;90
7.5.6;FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS;98
7.5.7;SUMMARY;103
7.5.8;REFERENCES;104
7.6;Chapter 6. Recent Developments on the Role of Molybdenum in Irons and Steels;108
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;108
7.6.2;KEYWORDS;108
7.6.3;INTRODUCTION;108
7.6.4;CARBURIZING STEELS;108
7.6.5;ELEVATED TEMPERATURE STEELS;113
7.6.6;H2S - RESISTANT STEELS FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY;115
7.6.7;STEELS FOR ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED PIPE;117
7.6.8;RAIL STEELS;118
7.6.9;MICROALLOYED HSLA STEELS;119
7.6.10;CAST IRONS;123
7.6.11;NODULAR IRONS;125
7.6.12;SUMMARY;128
7.6.13;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;128
7.6.14;REFERENCES;129
7.7;Chapter 7. The Use of Vanadium in Low Alloy Structural Steels;132
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;132
7.7.2;KEYWORDS;132
7.7.3;GENERAL EFFECTS OF MICROALLOYING ELEMENTS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES;132
7.7.4;THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF VANADIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES;133
7.7.5;CURRENT USE OF VANADIUM IN STRUCTURAL STEELS;140
7.7.6;POTENTIAL USE OF VANADIUM IN THE PLACE OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT ALLOYS;144
7.7.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;146
7.7.8;REFERENCES;146
7.8;Chapter 8. Toughness in High Speed Steels and Hard Metals;148
7.8.1;ABSTRACT;148
7.8.2;KEY WORDS;148
7.8.3;INTRODUCTION: THE 'TOUGHNESS' OF TOOL MATERIALS;148
7.8.4;FRACTURE MECHANICS AND THE RUPTURE TEST;149
7.8.5;FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HARD METALS AND HIGH SPEED STEELS;151
7.8.6;FLAW-INDUCED FRACTURE;153
7.8.7;CONCLUDING REMARKS;158
7.8.8;REFERENCES;159
7.8.9;APPENDIX;161
7.9;Chapter 9. Microstructure and Deformation Aspects of Some Specialty Steels and Hard Metals;162
7.9.1;ABSTRACT;162
7.9.2;KEYWORDS;162
7.9.3;INTRODUCTION;162
7.9.4;DUAL PHASE STEELS;164
7.9.5;AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS;167
7.9.6;HARD METALS;170
7.9.7;REFERENCES;173
7.10;Chapter 10. Microstructural Design and Control of Sintered Hard Materials;174
7.10.1;ABSTRACT;174
7.10.2;KEY WORDS;174
7.10.3;INTRODUCTION;174
7.10.4;HIGH-SPEED STEELS;176
7.10.5;CEMENTED CARBIDES;177
7.10.6;CERAMIC CUTTING MATERIALS;179
7.10.7;SUPERHARD MATERIALS;181
7.10.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;182
7.10.9;REFERENCES;182
7.11;Chapter 11. Some Reflections on the Competition Between Hard Materials in Industrial Applications;184
7.11.1;ABSTRACT;184
7.11.2;KEYWORDS;184
7.11.3;INTRODUCTION;184
7.11.4;GENERAL REMARKS ON MATERIALS IN METAL CUTTING TOOLS;185
7.11.5;TOOL MATERIALS IN INDEXABLE INSERTS;188
7.11.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;191
7.11.7;REFERENCES;191
7.12;Chapter 12. The Current Status of Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride Composites;194
7.12.1;ABSTRACT;194
7.12.2;KEYWORDS;194
7.12.3;HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION;194
7.12.4;ULTRA HARD MATERIAL COMPOSITES;196
7.12.5;MECHANISM OF COMPOSITE FORMATION;199
7.12.6;PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS;202
7.12.7;THE FUTURE;204
7.12.8;REFERENCES;205
7.13;Chapter 13. Development and Performance of CVD-coatings on Cutting Tools;206
7.13.1;ABSTRACT;206
7.13.2;KEYWORDS;206
7.13.3;COATINGS ON CEMENTED CARBIDE;207
7.13.4;CONCLUSIONS;213
7.13.5;REFERENCES;215
8;Part 2: Contributed Papers Specialty Steels;216
8.1;Chapter 14. Copper-Boron Low Alloy High Strength Steels;218
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;218
8.1.2;KEYWORDS;218
8.1.3;INTRODUCTION;218
8.1.4;BORON AS AN ALLOYING ELEMENT;218
8.1.5;EXPERIMENTAL;219
8.1.6;DISCUSSION;219
8.1.7;CONCLUSIONS;222
8.1.8;REFERENCES;223
8.2;Chapter 15. Microalloyed Hot Rolled Bars for Hot Forging Applications;224
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;224
8.2.2;KEYWORDS;224
8.2.3;INTRODUCTION;224
8.2.4;BASIC METALLURGY;224
8.2.5;APPLICATIONS;227
8.2.6;REFERENCES;228
8.3;Chapter 16. Developmental 2.25Cr-1 Mo Steels for Coal Conversion Vessels;230
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;230
8.3.2;KEYWORDS;230
8.3.3;INTRODUCTION;230
8.3.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;231
8.3.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;232
8.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;235
8.3.7;REFERENCES;235
8.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;235
8.4;Chapter 17. Rapid Solidification of Steels: Model and Commercial Alloys;236
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;236
8.4.2;KEYWORDS;236
8.4.3;INTRODUCTION;236
8.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES;237
8.4.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;238
8.4.6;REFERENCES;243
8.5;Chapter 18. Strain Hardening and Strain Aging in Fe-Al-Mn Alloys;244
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;244
8.5.2;KEYWORDS;244
8.5.3;INTRODUCTION;244
8.5.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;245
8.5.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;246
8.5.6;CONCLUSIONS;250
8.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;251
8.5.8;REFERENCES;251
8.6;Chapter 19. An Investigation into the Superhardening Effect in Molybdenum-free Steel with Specific Reference to Alloy Substitution;252
8.6.1;ABSTRACT;252
8.6.2;KEYWORDS;252
8.6.3;INTRODUCTION;252
8.6.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;253
8.6.5;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;255
8.6.6;THE SUPERHARDENING MECHANISM;259
8.6.7;SUPERHARDENING STEEL QUALITIES AS ALTERNATIVES TO EXISTING STEEL QUALITIES;259
8.6.8;CONCLUSIONS;260
8.7;Chapter 20. The Influence of Rare Earth Elements on the Temper Embrittlement Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of a Low Alloy Steel;262
8.7.1;ABSTRACT;262
8.7.2;KEYWORDS;262
8.7.3;INTRODUCTION;262
8.7.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;263
8.7.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;264
8.7.6;INCLUSION ANALYSIS;265
8.7.7;CONCLUSIONS;267
8.7.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;267
8.7.9;REFERENCES;267
8.8;Chapter 21. The Determination of Soluble and Insoluble Boron in Steel by Emission Spectrometry Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma and a Scanning Monochromator;268
8.8.1;ABSTRACT;268
8.8.2;KEYWORDS;268
8.8.3;INTRODUCTION;268
8.8.4;CHEMICAL TREATMENT;270
8.8.5;EMISSION SPECTROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS;271
8.8.6;RESULTS AND CONCLUSION;273
8.8.7;REFERENCES;273
8.9;Chapter 22. Copper-containing Steels for Severe Service Rails;276
8.9.1;ABSTRACT;276
8.9.2;KEYWORDS;276
8.9.3;INTRODUCTION;276
8.9.4;DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW STEEL;277
8.9.5;METALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES;278
8.9.6;IN-SERVICE OBSERVATIONS;279
8.9.7;CONCLUSION;281
8.9.8;REFERENCES;281
8.10;Chapter 23. On the Fracture and Wear Characteristics of Chromium-Molybdenum Bainitic Steel;282
8.10.1;ABSTRACT;282
8.10.2;KEYWORDS;282
8.10.3;INTRODUCTION;282
8.10.4;MICROSTRUCTURE PROPERTIES;283
8.10.5;FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND IMPACT PROPERTIES;284
8.10.6;WEAR PERFORMANCE;287
8.10.7;CONCLUSIONS;288
8.10.8;REFERENCES;288
8.11;Chapter 24. Rolling and Alloying as Influencing Factors on Pipe Steel Properties;290
8.11.1;ABSTRACT;290
8.11.2;KEYWORDS;290
8.11.3;INTRODUCTION;290
8.11.4;THE FUNCTION OF NIOBIUM IN THE THERMOMECHANICAL ROLLING PROCESS;291
8.11.5;CARBON-MANGANESE-NIOBIUM STEELS WITH 0.5% NICKEL ADDITIONS;295
8.11.6;CARBON-MANGANESE-NIOBIUM STEELS WITH TITANIUM ADDITIONS;298
8.11.7;CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK;298
8.11.8;REFERENCES;299
8.12;Chapter 25. The Role of Molybdenum as an Alloy Element in Adhesive Wear Resistance;300
8.12.1;ABSTRACT;300
8.12.2;KEYWORDS;300
8.12.3;INTRODUCTION;300
8.12.4;EXPERIMENTAL;301
8.12.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;302
8.12.6;REFERENCES;311
8.13;Chapter 26. The Development of Wear Resistant Alloys for the South African Gold Mining Industry;312
8.13.1;ABSTRACT;312
8.13.2;KEYWORDS;312
8.13.3;INTRODUCTION;312
8.13.4;THE WEAR PROBLEM;313
8.13.5;THE PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A GENERAL PURPOSE, WEAR RESISTANT STEEL;315
8.13.6;ALLOY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS;316
8.13.7;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;320
8.13.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;320
8.13.9;REFERENCES;321
8.14;Chapter 26. Metallurgy of a 12% Chromium Steel;322
8.14.1;ABSTRACT;322
8.14.2;KEYWORDS;322
8.14.3;INTRODUCTION;322
8.14.4;COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE;323
8.14.5;CORROSION RESISTANCE;325
8.14.6;WELDABILITY;326
8.14.7;CONCLUSIONS;328
8.14.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;328
8.14.9;REFERENCES;328
8.15;Chapter 27. Alloying Effects of Reactive Elements in Ferritic Stainless Steels;330
8.15.1;ABSTRACT;330
8.15.2;KEYWORDS;330
8.15.3;INTRODUCTION;330
8.15.4;EXTENDED CREEP LIFE;331
8.15.5;BRAZING WETTABILITY;336
8.15.6;CATALYST SUBSTRATES;336
8.15.7;REFERENCES;337
8.16;Chapter 28. The Influence of Metallurgical Aspects on the Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of High Alloy Stainless Steels;338
8.16.1;ABSTRACT;338
8.16.2;KEYWORDS;338
8.16.3;INTRODUCTION;338
8.16.4;DESCRIPTION;339
8.16.5;TEST RESULTS;340
8.16.6;DISCUSSION OF RESULTS;341
8.16.7;REFERENCES;343
8.17;Chapter 29. Properties and Applications of a Highly Alloyed Ferritic Stainless Steel;344
8.17.1;ABSTRACT;344
8.17.2;KEY WORDS;344
8.17.3;INTRODUCTION;344
8.17.4;MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;346
8.17.5;COLD WORKING;347
8.17.6;WELDING;347
8.17.7;CORROSION RESISTANCE;348
8.17.8;APPLICATIONS;349
8.18;Chapter 30. The Effect of Replacing Molybdenum with Vanadium on the Corrosion Resistant Properties of Stainless Steels;352
8.18.1;ABSTRACT;352
8.18.2;KEYWORDS;352
8.18.3;INTRODUCTION;352
8.18.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;353
8.18.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;354
8.18.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;357
8.18.7;REFERENCES;357
8.19;Chapter 31. The Structure of Rapidly Solidified Nickel-base Alloys;358
8.19.1;ABSTRACT;358
8.19.2;KEY WORDS;358
8.19.3;INTRODUCTION;358
8.19.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;359
8.19.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;360
8.19.6;REFERENCES;366
8.20;Chapter 32. Microstructure and Creep Behaviour at Elevated Temperature of Unidirectionally Solidified Eutectic Nickel-base Superalloys;368
8.20.1;ABSTRACT;368
8.20.2;KEYWORDS;368
8.20.3;INTRODUCTION;368
8.20.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;369
8.20.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;370
8.20.6;REFERENCES;374
9;Part 3: Hard Materials;376
9.1;Chapter 33. Microstructural Basis of Strength and Toughness in Hardmetals;378
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;378
9.1.2;KEYWORDS;378
9.1.3;INTRODUCTION;378
9.1.4;DEFORMATION;378
9.1.5;MICROSTRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS;380
9.1.6;FRACTURE;380
9.1.7;CONCLUSIONS;384
9.1.8;REFERENCES;384
9.2;Chapter 34. Magnetic Properties of the Cobalt Matrix in WC-Co Compacts;386
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;386
9.2.2;KEYWORDS;386
9.2.3;INTRODUCTION;386
9.2.4;EXPERIMENTAL;387
9.2.5;RESULTS;389
9.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;391
9.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;391
9.2.8;REFERENCES;392
9.2.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT PERMISSION RECEIVED;392
9.3;Chapter 35. The Palmqvist Test and its Applications in WC-Co Alloys;394
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;394
9.3.2;KEYWORDS;394
9.3.3;INTRODUCTION;394
9.3.4;PALMQVIST CRACKS;394
9.3.5;PALMQVIST TOUGHNESS;395
9.3.6;CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER TOUGHNESS PARAMETERS;395
9.3.7;APPLICATIONS AND DISCUSSION;397
9.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;398
9.3.9;REFERENCES;399
9.4;Chapter 36. The Inter-relation of Microstructure, Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in WC-Co Hardmetals;400
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;400
9.4.2;KEY WORDS;400
9.4.3;INTRODUCTION;400
9.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;401
9.4.5;RESULTS;402
9.4.6;DISCUSSION;405
9.4.7;CONCLUSIONS;406
9.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;406
9.4.9;REFERENCES;406
9.5;Chapter 37.The Constitution as the Basis for Recent and Future Developments of Wear Resistant Materials;408
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;408
9.5.2;KEYWORDS;408
9.5.3;INTRODUCTION;408
9.5.4;SUBSTITUTION OF ELEMENTS;409
9.5.5;SOLID SOLUTION HARDENING;410
9.5.6;NEW COMPOUNDS;410
9.5.7;OPTIMIZATION OF PROPERTIES BY TRANSFORMATIONS;411
9.5.8;ADJUSTMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE;411
9.5.9;DISPERSION AND COMPOSITE SYSTEMS;412
9.5.10;CONCLUSION;413
9.5.11;REFERENCES;413
9.6;Chapter 38. Wear Properties of Rapidly Solidified Surfaces of a Pseudo-binary Fe-TiC Alloy;414
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;414
9.6.2;KEYWORDS;414
9.6.3;INTRODUCTION;414
9.6.4;SPECIMEN PREPARATION;414
9.6.5;WEAR TESTING;415
9.6.6;DISCUSSION;417
9.6.7;REFERENCES;419
9.7;Chapter 39. New Titanium Carbide Grades for Metal Cutting;420
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;420
9.7.2;KEYWORDS;420
9.7.3;INTRODUCTION;420
9.7.4;EXPERIMENTS;421
9.7.5;RESULTS;421
9.7.6;ECONOMICS;425
9.7.7;CONCLUSIONS;425
9.7.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;425
9.7.9;REFERENCES;425
9.8;Chapter 40. Thermodynamic Calculations and the Chemical Vapour Deposition of Hard Materials;426
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;426
9.8.2;KEY WORDS;426
9.8.3;INTRODUCTION;426
9.8.4;PROCEDURES;427
9.8.5;THE SiC SYSTEM;428
9.8.6;THE Si3 N4 SYSTEM;429
9.8.7;REFERENCES;431
9.9;Chapter 41. The Adhesion of Hard and Wear Resistant Coatings;432
9.9.1;ABSTRACT;432
9.9.2;KEYWORDS;432
9.9.3;INTRODUCTION;432
9.9.4;PRINCIPLE AND REALISATION;433
9.9.5;MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS;435
9.9.6;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION;439
9.9.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;439
9.9.8;REFERENCES;439
9.10;Chapter 42. Erosion Behaviour of CVD TiB2 Coatings on TiB2-based Ceramic Substrates in High-velocity Coal-oil Slurries;440
9.10.1;ABSTRACT;440
9.10.2;KEYWORDS;440
9.10.3;INTRODUCTION;440
9.10.4;PREPARATION OF TiB2 SPECIMENS;441
9.10.5;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;442
9.10.6;RESUMÉ;444
9.10.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;446
9.10.8;REFERENCES;446
9.11;Chapter 43. Erosion of Sintered WC-Co Alloys;448
9.11.1;ABSTRACT;448
9.11.2;KEYWORDS;448
9.11.3;INTRODUCTION;448
9.11.4;EXPERIMENTAL;449
9.11.5;RESULTS;449
9.11.6;DISCUSSION;452
9.11.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;453
9.11.8;REFERENCES;453
9.12;Chapter 44. Non-oxide Ceramics — A New Class of Engineering Materials;456
9.12.1;ABSTRACT;456
9.12.2;KEYWORDS;456
9.12.3;INTRODUCTION;456
9.12.4;MATERIAL;457
9.12.5;MANUFACTURING;458
9.12.6;PROPERTIES;460
9.12.7;APPLICATION;461
9.12.8;CONCLUSION;462
9.12.9;REFERENCES;463
9.13;Chapter 45. The Growth of Twins and Twin Lamellae in Synthetic Diamond Crystals;464
9.13.1;ABSTRACT;464
9.13.2;KEYWORDS;464
9.13.3;INTRODUCTION;464
9.13.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;464
9.13.5;CONCLUSIONS;469
9.13.6;REFERENCES;469
9.14;Chapter 46. Diamond Polishing —Diamond's Affinity for Scaife Materials in the Polishing Process of Diamond;470
9.14.1;ABSTRACT;470
9.14.2;KEYWORDS;470
9.14.3;REFERENCES;473
9.15;Chapter 47. TEM Observation of Microstructures of Sintered Diamond Compacts;474
9.15.1;ABSTRACT;474
9.15.2;KEYWORDS;474
9.15.3;INTRODUCTION;474
9.15.4;EXPERIMENTAL;474
9.15.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;475
9.15.6;CONCLUSION;481
9.15.7;REFERENCES;481
9.16;Chapter 48. Applications of Hardmetal in the Zambian Mining Industry;482
9.16.1;ABSTRACT;482
9.16.2;KEY WORDS;482
9.16.3;INTRODUCTION;482
9.16.4;FIELD RESULTS;482
9.16.5;DISCUSSION;484
9.16.6;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;485
9.16.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;485
10;Author Index;486
11;Subject Index;488