Desjonqueres / Spanjaard Concepts in Surface Physics

Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-3-642-97484-7
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 30, 565 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Springer Series in Surface Sciences

This textbook is intended as an introduction to surface science for graduate students. It began as a course of lectures that we gave at the University of Paris (Orsay). Its main objectives are twofold: to provide the reader with a compre hensive presentation of the basic principles and concepts of surface physics and to show the usefulness of these concepts in the real world by referring to experiments. It starts at a rather elementary level since it only requires a knowledge of solid state physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics which does not exceed the background usually taught to students early in their university courses. However, since it finally reaches an advanced level, we have tried to render it as self-contained as possible so that it remains accessible even to an unexperienced reader. Furthermore, the emphasis has been put on a pedagogical level rather than on a technical level. In this spirit, whenever possible, models which are simplified, but which contain the features that are essential to the appearance of the phenomena, have been set up and solved in a completely analytical way. The logic should be transparent enough for the reader although, most often, a more rigorous solution would need the use of a computer. To conclude, we have tried to give an account of surface physics which should be of use to the theoretician as well as to the experimentalist. The following comments can be made on the contents of this book.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Desjonqueres, M-C.

Spanjaard, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamical and Statistical Properties of Clean Surfaces.- 2.1 Thermodynamics of a Surface at Equilibrium.- 2.2 Equilibrium Shape of a Crystal.- 2.3 Facetting.- 2.4 The Roughening Transition.- 3. Atomic Structure of Surfaces.- 3.1 Surface Crystallography.- 3.2 Experimental Techniques.- 4. Vibrations at Surfaces.- 4.1 Elastic Forces in Crystals.- 4.2 Bulk Modes.- 4.3 Surface Modes.- 4.4 Spectral Densities of Modes.- 4.5 Vibrational Thermodynamical Functions.- 4.6 Mean Square Displacements.- 5. Electronic Structure of Surfaces.- 5.1 Jellium Model.- 5.2 Nearly Free Electron Model-Surface States.- 5.3 Tight-Binding Approximation.- 5.4 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Transition Metal Surfaces.- 5.5 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Semiconductor Surfaces.- 5.6 Other Methods.- 5.7 Surface Plasmons in Metals.- 5.8 Image Potential.- 5.9 Some Further Remarks on Exchange and Correlation Energies.- 5.10 Experimental Techniques for Investigating the Electronic Structure.- 6. Adsorption Phenomena.- 6.1 Thermodynamical Approach.- 6.2 Statistical Methods.- 6.3 Physisorption.- 6.4 Chemisorption.- 6.5 Interactions Between Adsorbates.- 6.6 Electronic Structure of Ordered Overlayers. An Example: O on Ni(100).- Appendices.- A. Theory of Scattering by a Spherical Potential: Brief Summary.- A.l Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for a Particle in a Spherical Potential.- A.2 Scattering of a Free Particle by a Spherical Potential.- A. 3 Friedel’s Sum Rule.- B. The Continued Fraction Technique.- B. l Principle of the Recursion Method.- B.2 Principle of the Moment Method.- B. 3 Practical Calculations.- C. Electromagnetic Waves in Matter.- C. l Brief Summary of Maxwell Equations in Vacuum.- C.2 Maxwell Equations and DielectricProperties in a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium.- C.3 An Equivalent Description of the Dielectric Properties of a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium: Longitudinal and Transverse Dielectric Functions.- D. Calculation of the Variation of the Total Energy Due to a Perturbing External Charge Distribution Within the Density Functional Formalism.- E. Useful Relations for the Study of Many Body Interactions.- E. 1 Relation Between the Expectation Value of the Interaction Energy and the Total Energy for a System of Interacting Particles.- E. 2 Derivation of the Fredholm Formula.- F. Interaction of an Electron With an Electromagnetic Field and Theory of Angle-Resolved Ultra-Violet Photoemission (UPS).- F. l The Optical Matrix Element.- F.2 Expression of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.2.1 Some Useful Relations.- F.2.2 Calculation of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.3 Conservation of the Wave Vector in Photoemission.- G. Calculation of the Current in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope.- H. Calculation of the Atomic Dynamic Polarizability.- I. Variation of the Density of States Due to a Perturbing Potential.- J. Energy of Chemisorption in the Anderson-Grimley-Newns Model Using Contour Integrals.- K. Elastic Constants and Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- K.1 Elastic Strain.- K.2 Elastic Stress.- K.3 Elastic Constants.- K.4 Propagation of Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- References.