Dragoon Valuing Wind Generation on Integrated Power Systems

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4377-7853-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten

Wind powered generation is the fastest growing energy source in the United States due to a combination of economic incentives, public preference for renewable energy as expressed in government policies, competitive costs, and the need to address global warming. The economic consequences of the relative variability and lower predictability of wind generation are not easily captured in standard economic analyses performed by utility planners. This book provides utility analysts and regulators a guide to analyzing the value of wind generation in the context of modern power systems.Guiding the reader through the steps to understanding and valuing wind generation on modern power systems, this book approaches the issue from the various, current perspectives in the US. These include utilities that are still primarily vertically integrated power providers and systems dominated by independent system operators (ISOs). Outlined here are the basic procedures in a wind valuation study, described with enough detail so that analysts spanning a range of resources and sophistication can reasonably undertake a competent study. Descriptions of studies performed by other utilities are also provided, explaining their specific approaches to the fundamentals. Finally, it includes a short section on power systems that utilize relatively large fractions of wind, and how operating procedures and valuing techniques may need alteration to accommodate them.• Reviews operating challenges that large amounts of wind power present to power systems operators • Outlines alternative approaches to quantifying the systems services necessary to accommodate the wind • Explains how economic analyses of wind generation are competently performed • Describes how to represent wind generation in computer models commonly used by electric utility planners that may not be specifically designed to incorporate wind generation • Reviews methods used by some select utility companies around the United States • Touches on key European issues involving relatively high levels of wind generation • Written at the level of the utility planner, assuming a basic understanding of economic dispatch of generators and elementary statistics - Outlines the role of wind forecasting in wind valuation studies - Evaluates the importance of estimating wind generation to meet peak demand - Researches how the market structure effects the value of wind energy - Discusses power systems that utilize relatively large fractions of wind power - Highlights the operating procedures that can enhance the value of wind generation

Ken Dragoon is currently Research Director of Renewable Northwest Project in Portland, Oregon. He has more than 25 years in the electric utility industry with expertise in power system planning studies, resource valuation analysis, and renewable resource acquistion. He is the autor of several papers ranging from wind integration and streamflow forecasting to the relative capacity contribution of power plants. He holds a Master's degree in physics from the University of New Hampshire.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dragoon, Ken

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Valuing Wind Generation on Integrated Power Systems;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Acknowledgements;11
7;Chapter 1Introduction;12
7.1;References;15
8;Chapter 2 Overview of System Impacts of Wind Generation on Power Systems;16
8.1;2.1 Primary Economic Effects of Wind Power;17
8.2;2.2 Role of Wind Forecasts in Wind Power Economics;18
8.3;2.3 Wind as an Energy Resource;20
8.4;2.4 Other Potentially Important Effects;22
8.5;2.5 Properties of Wind Output in Aggregate;24
8.6;2.6 Summary;30
8.7;References;31
9;Chapter 3General Approaches to Valuing Wind on Power Systems;32
9.1;3.1 Wind Valuation Components;34
9.2;3.2 Summary;45
9.3;References;46
10;Chapter 4 Developing UsefulWindGeneration Data;48
10.1;4.1 Sensitivity of Statistics to Scaling;49
10.2;4.2 Converting Wind Speed to Wind Output;53
10.3;4.3 Using Weather Model Data;58
10.4;4.4 Summary;59
10.5;References;60
11;Chapter 5 Representing Wind in Economic Dispatch Models;62
11.1;5.1 Ideal Representation of Wind Generators in Dispatch Models;63
11.2;5.2 Fixed Time Series in Forward- and Backward-Looking Analyses;64
11.3;5.3 Representing Wind as Load Reduction or Fixed Generation Levels;66
11.4;5.4 Representing Wind as an Equivalent Thermal Generation Station;68
11.5;5.5 Summary;72
12;Chapter 6Power SystemIncremental ReserveRequirements;74
12.1;6.1 Principles of Reserve Requirement Analysis;74
12.2;6.2 Reserve Nomenclature;81
12.3;6.3 Determining Non-Contingency Operating Reserve Requirements;84
12.4;6.4 Summary;95
12.5;Reference;96
13;Chapter 7Wind Power Forecasting;98
13.1;7.1 Types and Uses of Wind Forecasts1;98
13.2;7.2 Climate and Weather;100
13.3;7.3 Forecasting Techniques;101
13.4;7.4 Forecast Error Measures;103
13.5;7.5 Forecast Accuracy;106
13.6;7.6 Developing Synthetic Forecasts;108
13.7;7.7 Summary;109
13.8;References;110
14;Chapter 8Wind Energy ValuationStudies;112
14.1;8.1 System Responses to Wind Generation;114
14.2;8.2 Study Design;114
14.3;8.3 Model Modifications for Wind;116
14.4;8.4 Example Study Results;119
14.5;8.5 Portfolio Risk and Wind Generation;120
14.6;8.6 Costs and Value not Captured by CEDMs;122
14.7;8.7 Study Validation;123
14.8;8.8 Over-specification of Wind Costs;125
14.9;8.9 Summary;126
15;Chapter 9Wind Integration Costs;128
15.1;9.1 Wind Integration Cost Study Design;129
15.2;9.2 Simplified Non-CEDM Wind Integration Cost Example;133
15.3;9.3 Cost Allocation;142
15.4;9.4 Incremental Reserve Requirement Behavior;143
15.5;9.5 Summary;149
16;Chapter 10Wind Power’sContribution to MeetingPeak Demand;152
16.1;10.1 Capacity Value And Effective Load-Carrying Capability1;153
16.2;10.2 Computing Effective Load-Carrying Capability;155
16.3;10.3 Wind Capacity Value Characteristics;160
16.4;10.4 Case Studies;161
16.5;10.5 Summary;153
16.6;References;165
17;Chapter 11 Effects ofMarkets on Wind Integration Costs;166
17.1;11.1 Market Size and Access;168
17.2;11.2 Scheduling Rules and Imbalance Settlement;169
17.3;11.3 Ancillary Service Requirements and Charges;170
17.4;11.4 Participation in Redispatch;171
17.5;11.5 Wind Forecasting Services;173
17.6;11.6 Capacity Valuation;173
17.7;11.7 Market Incentives;174
17.8;11.8 Transmission Construction Cost Recovery and Efficient Use of Capability;177
17.9;11.9 Summary;179
17.10;References;179
18;Chapter 12Enhancing Wind Energy Value;182
18.1;12.1 Reducing Reserve Generation Requirements;183
18.2;12.2 Efficient Provision of Balancing Services;186
18.3;12.3 Active Management of Wind and Demand;190
18.4;12.4 Dedicated Storage Technologies;191
18.5;12.5 Summary;192
18.6;Reference;193
19;Chapter 13Review of Selected Wind Integration Studies;194
19.1;13.1 Sampling of Studies;196
19.2;13.2 Summary;212
19.3;References;212
20;Chapter 14Considerations for HighPenetration WindSystems;214
20.1;14.1 Market Organization;217
20.2;14.2 Energy Storage;218
20.3;14.3 Facility Siting;221
20.4;14.4 Wind Forecasting;222
20.5;14.5 Controlling Wind Generation;223
20.6;14.6 Summary;224
20.7;References;224
21;Appendix A: Wind Forecasting Vendors;226
22;Glossary;228
23;Index;238